...PROJECT MANAGEMENT AND PRODUCT CYCLE TIME TOWARDS COMMERCIAL SUCCESS TABLE OF CONTENTS Pages Executive Summary 2 1.0 Research Overview 2.1 Introduction 3 2.2 Research Background 3 2.0 Literature Review 2.1 Review of the Literature on the relationship between cycle time and products 3-9 3.0 Analysis and Discussion 9-10 4.0 Conclusion 11 5.0 References 12 CHAPTER I 1.0 Introduction 1.1 Research Background As global competitive pressure increase and product life cycle compress, companies are trying to shorten product development cycle times (Griffin, Journal of Marketing Research, Febuary 1997). Nevertheless, faster may not be always good. Intensive research in one firm shows that rapid development times are not correlated with expected commercial success (Utterback M. H., 1995) New product development (NPD) cycle time is critical because life cycle are shrinking, and obsolescence is occurring more quickly than in the past while competition also has intensified. To keep up with competition and continue grow in the face of shorter product life cycle, it has become necessary...
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...Principles of Marketing Sec- c Group name: “Blue” Multiple choice questions: From chapter 9 1. A firm can obtain new product through_______. a) Acquisition and New-product development. 2. The course of product sales and profit over its lifetime is____. a) Product life cycle (PLC) 3. Options to marketing while decline stage: a) Maintain the product. b) Harvest the product. c) Drop the product. d) All of above. (Ans) From chapter 10, 11 4. Cost based pricing is____. a) Product driven. (Ans) b) Customer driven. c) Produce revenue. 5. TATA Nano, an economical car with a base price of about Rs.100,000/= is the example of______. a) Good value pricing. (Ans). 6. Price with new or no temporary price discounts_____. a) Everyday low pricing. (EDLP) 7. Break even volume_____. a) Fixed costSelling price - Veriable cost 8. The pricing system with high initial prices to “skim” revenue layers from the market is______. a) Market skimming pricing. 9. Product bundle pricing__. a) Not increase the price. b) Low volume of sale. c) Promote the sales of production. (Ans) d) Might other price is high. From chapter 8, part-1: 10. The service or benefit the customer is really buying while purchasing any physical goods or services. a) Core benefit. 11. A major issue in product strategy is. a) Packaging. b) Branding, (Ans) c) Label. d) None of them. ...
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...ASSIGNMENTS FOR MARKETING PRINCIPLES Assignment #1 – An Introduction to Marketing Read chapter 1. Be prepared to answer the following questions if called on. 1. What is marketing? 2. What is a market? 3. Define the terms ultimate consumers and organizational buyers. Give examples of each. 4. What is a target market? Why do most organizations focus on satisfying the needs of one or more subgroups of a market rather than the entire market? 5. What are the four controllable marketing mix factors that make up the organization’s marketing program? 6. What are uncontrollable environmental factors? 7. Identify and describe the four distinct stages or eras of the market orientation. 8. Is marketing good or bad for a society. Support your answer. Find an article that supports your argument and attach a copy. Be prepared to discuss your article in class. Consider a society with no marketing. Assignment #2 – Strategic Planning and the Strategic Marketing Process Read chapter 2. Be prepared to answer the following questions if called on. 1. What is strategic planning and why is it important? 2. Identify and define the three organizational levels. 3. What is a mission statement? 4. What are organizational objectives (goals)? Give some examples of different types of objectives (goals) organizations might pursue. 5. What are organizational strategies? 6. What is business portfolio analysis? Draw an example of a growth-share matrix...
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...CHAPTER 8 Market Segmentation, Targeting, and Positioning CHAPTER OVERVIEW Chapter 8 shows different approaches that companies can take to a market in order to best serve customer and company needs. It begins with a brief overview of three marketing approaches that companies can take: mass marketing, product-variety marketing, and target marketing. A fuller discussion details the three steps of target marketing, beginning with market segmentation: dividing a market into groups that is measurable, accessible, substantial, and actionable. This can be done in different ways by using geographic, demographic, psychographic, behavioral, or other variables. Next, the process of market targeting and the different approaches a company can take are discussed. These include undifferentiated, differentiated, and concentrated marketing. The chapter concludes by covering market positioning strategy and how companies can position their products for the best competitive advantage. CHAPTER OBJECTIVES Students should be able to: 1. Explain market segmentation, and identify several possible bases for segmenting consumer markets, business markets, and international markets. 2. List and distinguish among the requirements for effective segmentation: measurability, accessibility, substantiality, and actionability. 3. Outline the process of evaluating market segments, and suggests some methods for selecting market segments. 4. Illustrate the concept of...
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...CHAPTER 8 Market Segmentation, Targeting, and Positioning CHAPTER OVERVIEW Chapter 8 shows different approaches that companies can take to a market in order to best serve customer and company needs. It begins with a brief overview of three marketing approaches that companies can take: mass marketing, product-variety marketing, and target marketing. A fuller discussion details the three steps of target marketing, beginning with market segmentation: dividing a market into groups that is measurable, accessible, substantial, and actionable. This can be done in different ways by using geographic, demographic, psychographic, behavioral, or other variables. Next, the process of market targeting and the different approaches a company can take are discussed. These include undifferentiated, differentiated, and concentrated marketing. The chapter concludes by covering market positioning strategy and how companies can position their products for the best competitive advantage. CHAPTER OBJECTIVES Students should be able to: 1. Explain market segmentation, and identify several possible bases for segmenting consumer markets, business markets, and international markets. 2. List and distinguish among the requirements for effective segmentation: measurability, accessibility, substantiality, and actionability. 3. Outline the process of evaluating market segments, and suggests some methods for selecting market segments. 4. Illustrate the concept of positioning...
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...Which of the following is not considered to be a characteristic of a project? A. An established objective B. A clear beginning and end C. Complex tasks D. Only for internal use E. Never been done before 4. Which of the following activities is not considered a project? A. Developing a new software program B. Designing a space station C. Preparing the site for the Olympic Games D. Production of automobile tires E. Developing a new advertising program 5. From among the following activities, which is the best example of a project? A. Processing insurance claims B. Producing automobiles C. Writing a term paper D. Completing a college degree E. All of these are good examples of projects 6. Which of the following constraints is not typically found in managing projects? A. Time B. People C. Cost D. Performance E. Both B and D are not typical constraints 7. Which of the following choices is not one of the stages of a project life cycle? A. Conceptualizing B. Defining C. Planning D. Executing E. Delivering 8. In which of the following stages are project objectives established, teams formed, and major responsibilities assigned? A. Conceptualizing B. Defining C. Planning D. Executing E. Delivering 9. In which of the following stages is a major portion of the physical and mental project work performed? A. Conceptualizing B. Defining C. Planning D. Executing E. Delivering 10. In which of the following stages are you more likely to find status reports, many changes, and the...
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...The publication of this IDA document does not indicate endorsement by the Department of Defense, nor should the contents be construed as reflecting the official position of that Agency. © 1999 Institute for Defense Analyses, 1801 N. Beauregard Street, Alexandria, Virginia 22311-1772 • (703) 845-2000. This material may be reproduced by or for the U.S. Government pursuant to the copyright license under the clause at DFARS 252.227-7013 (NOV 95). Preface This document was prepared for the Office of the Principal Deputy Under Secretary of Defense (Acquisition and Technology) under the task order Defense Manufacturing Strategy, and addresses a task objective, to provide a case study on integrated product/process development implementation. This case study will be used for acquisition and technology training purposes by the sponsor. Many of the incentives, strategies, and implementation approaches at Ford have parallels in and implications for the acquisition processes of the Department of Defense (DoD). The DoD student is asked to draw conclusions based on his or her own situation. The authors wish to thank the Ford managers who participated in this study: Mr. Gene Nelson, Ford Director, Advanced Manufacturing Pre-Program Engineering, and Ms. Gail Copple, Ford Investment Efficiency Manager. We are grateful...
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...position Professor [ ] Associate Professor [√ ] Lecturer[ ] Others[ ] Printed and issued by the Academic Affairs Department Date__4/8/2009__ (dd/mm/yy) Instructions 1. Print in Times New Roman, font size 12. If necessary, the space for each item may be enlarged or reduced in exactly the same format. 2. One form is required for each lesson（excluding the cover）. 3. “Course type” refers to Compulsory, Specialized or Optional; “Student Classification” refers to Mainland student or Non-Mainland student. Note: Common Optional courses are applicable to all majors. 4. “Department” refers to the College, Department or the Teaching and Research Section that offers the course. 5. “Form of Lesson” refers to lecture, discussion, experiment, social practice, internship etc. 6. “Contents of Lesson” should be a brief but concrete description of the contents, together with details of Chapter, Section, Topic titles etc. International Marketing Lesson Plan Subject（Chapter/ Topic）：CREATING CUSTOMER RELATIONSHIPS ANDVALUE THROUGH MARKETING | Form of lesson | Theory Course | | Time of lesson | Date:2009/9/9 | | | Week: 1st Wednesday Period7~9 | Contents of lesson（Including basic contents, key points...
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... ___________________________ 1. Which of the following does not represent a main focus of cost management information? A. B. C. D. E. Strategic management. Performance measurement. Planning and decision making. Preparation of financial statements. Internal auditing and control. 2. Strategic management can be defined as the development of a sustainable: A. B. C. D. E. Chain of command. Competitive position. Cash flow. Business entity. Company image. 3. Cost management has moved from a traditional role of product costing and operational control to a broader strategic focus, which places an emphasis on: A. B. C. D. E. Competitive pricing. Domestic marketing. Short-term thinking. Strategic thinking. Independent judgment. 4. All of the following are examples of total quality management practices except: A. B. C. D. E. Redesign of a product to reduce its parts by 50 percent. Reduction in the movement required in a manufacturing job. Separating the sales and services functions. Raising raw material quality standards. Cross-training assembly line workers to cover sick leave absences. 5. In a local factory, employees are rewarded for finding new and better ways of changing the way they work. This company is motivating its employees to use what management technique? A. B. C. D. E. Benchmarking. Activity-Based Costing. Theory of Constraints. Continuous Improvement. Total Quality Management. 6. A company's management accountant is trying to improve the way costs are allocated...
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...gra25154_ch01_002-019.qxd 3/8/07 3:17 PM Page 2 Estimate 5 Project networks 6 Scheduling resources/costs 8 Define project 4 Reducing project duration 9 Introduction 1 Organization 3 Managing risk 7 Monitoring progress 13 Audit and closure 14 Oversight 16 Strategy 2 Leadership 10 Teams 11 Outsourcing 12 International projects 15 Modern Project Management What Is a Project? The Importance of Project Management Project Management Today—An Integrative Approach Summary gra25154_ch01_002-019.qxd 3/8/07 3:17 PM Page 3 C H A P T E R O N E Modern Project Management All of mankind’s greatest accomplishments—from building the great pyramids to discovering a cure for polio to putting a man on the moon—began as a project. This is a good time to be reading a book about project management. Business leaders and experts have proclaimed that project management is a strategic imperative. Project management provides people with a powerful set of tools that improves their ability to plan, implement, and manage activities to accomplish specific organizational objectives. But project management is more than just a set of tools; it is a results-oriented management style that places a premium on building collaborative relationships among a diverse cast of characters. Exciting opportunities await people skilled in project management. The project approach has long been the style of doing business in the construction industry...
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...Contemporary Marketing: Chapter 3 Questions: 1. How would you categorize Generation X using the five segments of the marketing environment? A: Competitive Environment B: Political-legal environment C: Economic environment D: Technological environment E: Social-cultural environment 2. Joe and Ryan both have storefronts in the local mall. Joe sells candies and Ryan sells pretzels. Are Joe and Ryan in direct competition with each other? A: Yes B: No Consumer Behavior and Marketing Reading: Contemporary Marketing: Chapter 5 Questions: 1. Rachel and Sarah’s parents always purchased groceries from the local Aldi marketplace. What is this type of behavior an example of? A: Cultural influences B: Social Influences C: Personal factors 2. Maryanne purchases Maxwell House coffee every two weeks from the grocery. What is this type of behavior an example of? A: Routinized Problem Solving B: Limited problem solving C: Extended problem solving 3. Aaron does research on several local colleges before applying to his first three choices. This is an example of: A: High – involvement purchase decision B: Low – involvement purchase decision Marketing Plans Reading: Contemporary Marketing: Chapter 2 + Ch. 2 Appendix Web sites: http://www.jpec.org/handouts/jpec33.pdf http://www.netmba.com/marketing/process/ Questions: 1. Strategies are designed to meet objectives. Tactics are designed to implement strategies. Are tactics designed...
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...Information System Internal records Marketing intelligence Identifying the major forces The demographic environment The economic environment The socio-cultural environment The natural environment The technological environment The political –legal environment Scanning the marketing environment , Forecast demand, and conduction marketing research The Marketing Research System The Marketing Research Process Chapter No. 2/3 Chapter 1 4 11 18 24 Chapter 3 4 60 61 62 65 66 68 70 71 73 74 Chapter 3 5 82 84 2 6 Creating Customer Value and Customer Relationship Building Customer Value, Satisfaction and Loyalty Customer Perceived Value Total Customer Satisfaction Customer Relationship Management Analyzing Consumer Markets What influences consumer behavior The Buying decision process : the five stage model Analyzing Business Market What is organizational buying? Stages in the buying process Indentifying Market Segments and Targets Bases for Segmenting Consumer Markets Basis of Segmenting Business Market Market targeting Competitive Dynamics Product Life Cycle Marketing Strategies...
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...COLLEGE OF SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND APPLIED ARTS OF TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO (COSTAATT) SCHOOL OF BUSINESS AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY Transforming Lives, Transforming Communities, Transforming the Nation….One Student at a Time COURSE OUTLINE Academic Year 2011 - 2012 • VISION To be a student-centered, dynamic and innovative, world-class and multi-campus college, promoting excellence in teaching and learning, serving diverse communities, and producing lifelong learners who can compete globally. • MISSION To be the premier educational institution in: providing high quality, affordable and accessible education programmes serving the needs of business, industry and the diverse campus communities and facilitating the personal and professional development of its students, faculty and staff. DEPARTMENT NAME OF COURSE COURSE CODE CREDITS PREREQUISITE REQUIRED TEXT : : : : : : Management & Entrepreneurship Principles of Marketing MKTG 205 Three (3) NONE Principles of Marketing, Thirteenth Edition by Philip Kotler; Gary Armstrong REFERENCE TEXTS : Basic Marketing by William Perreault Jr.; E. Jerome Mc Carthy; Joseph Cannon APPROVED BY : ___________________________ ________________ CHAIR DATE 1 COURSE DESCRIPTION: This is an introductory marketing course. A realistic examination of how marketing is practiced in business today will be stressed throughout. The basic approach is to view marketing as a total system of business action and not simply as understanding...
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...SYSTEMS ENGINEERING HANDBOOK A GUIDE FOR SYSTEM LIFE CYCLE PROCESSES AND ACTIVITIES INCOSE-TP-2003-002-03 June 2006 INCOSE Systems Engineering Handbook v. 3 SYSTEMS ENGINEERING HANDBOOK A GUIDE FOR SYSTEM LIFE CYCLE PROCESSES AND ACTIVITIES INCOSE-TP-2003-002-03 INCOSE SYSTEMS ENGINEERING HANDBOOK, version 3 June 2006 Edited by: Cecilia Haskins Copyright © 2006 International Council on Systems Engineering, subject to restrictions listed on the inside cover. INCOSE-TP-2003-002-03 June 2006 INCOSE Systems Engineering Handbook v. 3 This INCOSE Technical Product was prepared by the Systems Engineering Handbook Development Team of the International Council on Systems Engineering (INCOSE). It is approved by INCOSE for release as an INCOSE Technical Product. Copyright © 2006 by INCOSE, subject to the following restrictions: Author use: Authors have full rights to use their contributions in a totally unfettered way with credit to this INCOSE Technical Product. Abstraction is permitted with credit to the source. INCOSE use: Permission to reproduce this document and use this document or parts thereof by members of INCOSE and to prepare derivative works from this document for INCOSE use is granted, with attribution to INCOSE and the original author(s) where practical, provided this copyright notice is included with all reproductions and derivative works. Content from ISO/IEC 15288:2002(E) are used by permission, and are not to be reproduced other than...
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...Chapter 1 The World of Project Management This chapter introduces the topic of project management. Projects are defined as temporary endeavors undertaken to create a unique product or service. The chapter points out that recent interest in project management is based on a recognition that many organizational tasks do not fit neatly into business-as-usual. The significant differences between project management and general management are overviewed. The three interrelated objectives of budget, schedule, and specifications are also introduced. In addition, two alternative project life cycles are presented and the importance of understanding this distinction is discussed. Also included in the chapter is a discussion of project selection including both non-numeric and numeric selection methods. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the aggregate project plan and an overview of the organization of the remainder of the text. Cases and Readings Some cases appropriate to the subject of this chapter are: Harvard: 9-688-040 Boeing 767: From Concept to Production (A); 9-688-041 (B) 9-888-519 Videotape. This 19 page best-selling case shows how a massive corporation manages the evolution of an enormously complex and risky project from conception to manufacture. The 1-page B case is a supplement update about whether Boeing needs to change the way they manage such projects. The video shows the assembly process of an airplane, compressing 10 weeks of work into ten...
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