CHAPTER 8 through 10 REVIEW

The "hierarchical" fief-holding system in which vassals in turn had vassals owing them services was known as subinfeudation.

The VIKINGS used iron weapons, had superior shipbuilding skills, did raids onto continent (they came from Scandinavia) , established settlements, aided growth of fief-holding., and in time - Christianity assimilated them into European civilization. In Western Europe, the chief political repercussion of frequent Viking raids was .an increase in the power of local aristocrats to whom threatened populations turned for effective protection. Feudalism of medieval Europe was primarily a complex system of vassalage by which the weak sought protection and sustenance from powerful local nobles.

Feudalism in England under William I differed from feudalism in most other countries in that he required sub-vassals to swear allegiance to him.

William of Normandy's survey of his new royal possessions in England was recorded in the Doomesday Book.

By the thirteenth century, a previous acceptance of homosexuality by church and society had been replaced by Christian persecution of homosexuals due to all of the following: the writings of Thomas Aquinas; a rising tide of intolerance in Europe; the identification of homosexuals with other detested minority groups in society.

The "agricultural revolution" of the High Middle Ages was in part brought about by a change from the two-field to the three-field system.

The Magyars were originally from western Asia.

Students in medieval universities often engaged in quarrels with one another and in confrontations with towns-people.

Concerning the curriculum of the medieval university students studied the trivium and quadrivium.

The Frankish palace official, Charles Martel, successfully defended the civilization of the new western European kingdoms in 732 by