...CONTENT………………………………………………3 2.1. Literature review…………………………………………………….3 2.1.1. Definition of idiom in English…………………………………….3 2.1.2. Definition of idiom in Vietnamese………………………………..3 2.2. Horses in English and Vietnamese idiom…………………………...3 2.2.1. The positive meaning of horses in English and Vietnamese idioms………………………………………………………………………..4 2.2.2. The negative meaning of horses in English and Vietnamese idioms………………………………………………………………………..6 III. CONCLUSION…………………………………………....8 IV.REFERENCES………...…………………………………..9 I. INTRODUCTION One of the most important things that make people are different from other animals is language. We use language everyday to communicate, studying, working… In other word, language is a tool that helps us change our lives by expressing our feelings, our ideas, our thoughts as well. However, every country has their own language so people learn other languages to be able to connect with others around the world. When we study other languages, comparison two or more than two languages is inevitable, especially when we are attending the contrastive analysis course. There are many kinds of idioms related to animals in both English and Vietnamese. Those idioms are often about dogs, cats, monkeys and so on. For example, we have idioms related to dogs like “as sick as a dog”, “like the dog with two tails” or “dog-eat-dog”. We also have some idioms about cats like “as weak as kitten” or “ cat gets one’s tongue”. Those are some typical...
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...Cognitive Linguistic and Idioms General considerations about cognitive linguistics Cognitive linguistics is a new approach to the study of language which emerged in the late seventies and early eighties and interprets linguistic knowledge as part of general cognition and thinking. This new contemporary study that argues that language is governed by general cognitive principles, rather than by a special –purpose language module, is therefore associated with semantics, but is distinct from psycholinguistics, which draws upon empirical findings from cognitive psychology in order to explain the mental processes that underlie the acquisition and storage of speech. The most influential linguists working along these lines and focusing on cognitive principles were Charles Fillmore, Wallace Chafe, George Lakoff, Dirk Geeraerts, Roland Langacker and Leonard Talmy. The most important assumption shared by all these researchers is that meaning is so central to language that it must be a primary focus of study. Linguistic structures serve the function of expressing meanings and thus, the mapping between meaning and form are a prime subject of linguistic analysis. In The Oxford Handbook of Cognitive Linguistics, Dirk Geerates stated : “ Cognitive Linguistics is the study of language in its cognitive function, where cognitive refers to the crucial role of intermediate informational structures in our encounters with the world. Cognitive Linguistics is cognitive in the same way that cognitive...
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...Different Culture Makes Different Idioms From so many years of English studying,it is not so difficult for us to point out that there exists great difference between Chinese and English idioms,which can be sourced back to the matter of different language and culture.Language is the most principle means for inter-cultural communication.For one thing,language is a part of culture and plays an important role in it.For another,as a mirror of culture, language is strongly influenced and shaped by culture;Meanwhile ,it reflects culture.Idioms,a part of language ,are the essence of culture in every country.Using language in such communication ,we often come across some idioms with distinctive cultural characteristics,so it is a very important and complicated thing for us to understand and use idioms correctly. Idioms include metaphorical phrase,slang,colloquialism,proverb and so on.As an essential part of the language and culture of a society,idioms are characterized by their concise expressions,rich and vivid ,involving geography,history,religious belief,living conventions and so on.They usually highly specialized in meaning and closely tied to distinctive cultural features and cultural attitudes.It is believed that idioms are the most culturally loaded element in any language’s vocabulary.Undoubtedly they are often hard to understand and harder to use correctly for a foreigner.English and Chinese idioms,closely related to their own culture,convey different cultural features and...
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...Running head: Vietnamese and English idioms related to the word “Dog”: Vietnamese and English idioms related to the word “Dog”: A contrastive Analysis Student: Nguyen Le Hoang Yen Class: 4A08 Ho Chi Minh City University of Pedagogy Contrastive Analysis Instructor: Mr. Nguyen Ngoc Vu December 31, 2011 Abstract One problem which makes a lot of people have difficulty in communicating with one another is to use idiomatic expressions. As far as you know, idiomatic expressions make English become colorful and full of vitality, so they are often used very much in the native speakers’ speech and in the writing such as news, songs, movies, etc. on the television. However, these idioms are sometimes are not easy to understand and study their meanings, so I decide to study them by studying Vietnamese and English idioms containing the word ‘dog’ and one another reason for this topic to study is that I really like lovely dogs. In my studying this topic, there are two parts such as theoretical background and Vietnamese and English idioms related to the word ‘dog’ which is the main part of my topic. Theoretical background Idioms versus proverbs Idioms and proverbs are frequently used in the daily speech, so we can not find the differences between them clearly. However, we can distinguish idioms and proverbs by basing on some criteria. Idioms * It is a fixed group of words. e.g. the idiom ‘chó chui gầm chạn’ has the same meaning of the word ‘hèn hạ’ (disgraced)....
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...Figurative and literal language is a distinction in traditional systems for analyzing language. Literal language refers to words that convey exactly what they mean. Figurative language refers to words, and groups of words, that hyperbolize or alter the conventional meanings of the component words. Figurative language may involve analogy to similar concepts or other contexts, and may involve aggrandizements. These alterations result in figures of speech. According to (Webster’s.com), an idiom was first utilized in 1588 and can be defined as “an expression in the use of a language that is peculiar to itself either grammatically in having a meaning that cannot be derived from the conjoined meanings of its elements”. Idioms are utilized to make language richer and more colorful. Idioms are often used to supersede a literal word or expression, as the idiom better describes the full nuance of meaning. Example: “Jumping the gun” means a person acted hastily or made a snap decision predicated on inadequate information. By reason of assumption a person can often “jump the gun” and assume the best or worst in any situation. This kind of anticipatory action can have a positive result, but most of the time someone who jump the gun eventually makes an erroneous or misinformed decision based on inaccurate early information. Analogy inference that if two or more things accede with one another in some respects they will probably accede in others. Analogies are often used to simplify or...
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...3.1 LECTURE 3 Communicating Interculturally To accompany Excellence in Business Communication, 5e , Thill and Bovée © 2002 Prentice-Hall 3.2 Lecture 3 Objectives Discuss trends that have made intercultural business communications so important. Discuss culture and subculture and culture’s four basic characteristics. Delineate the differences between high-context and low context cultures. Recognize cultural differences. Discuss ethnocentrism and stereotyping. To accompany Excellence in Business Communication, 5e , Thill and Bovée © 2002 Prentice-Hall 3.3 Lecture 3 Objectives continued Discuss three ways to improve communication with people who speak English as a second language; then discuss three ways to improve communication with people who do not speak your language at all. Explain why studying other cultures helps you communicate more effectively. Illustrate how word choice affects communication among people from other cultures. To accompany Excellence in Business Communication, 5e , Thill and Bovée © 2002 Prentice-Hall Quick Quiz 3.4 Some Key Definitions Define each of the following terms: Intercultural communication Market globalization Cultural diversity Culture Subculture To accompany Excellence in Business Communication, 5e , Thill and Bovée © 2002 Prentice-Hall A Few Basic Concepts About Culture Culture is learned. Cultures vary in stability. 3.5 Cultures vary in complexity. Cultures vary in tolerance. To accompany...
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...idiom the best8/25/13 A - Z idioms list learning English idioms Learn English - Basic English lessons Easy learning English free Home All Lessons Exercises Forum Music English books Register Login Contact us English Chat Pictures Please like our Facebook page Lessons and exercises Basic lessons English basics level 1 English basics level 2 English level 3 English level 4 English Grammar Business lessons Exercises Exercises basics Exercise level 1 Exercise level 2 Tw eet 0 Share Like 1 0 StumbleUpon Large list of A - Z English idioms What will I learn from the English lesson A - Z List of English idioms? This lesson is following on from small list on English idioms, again you will be able to use the list below to learn any idioms that you read about or hear about you don't understand. List of Idioms A - Z A Idioms A big cheese- an important or a powerful person in a group or family A bird’s eye view- a view from a very high place which allows you to see a large area A bone of contention- something that people argue for a long time A cock and a bull story- a story or an explanation which is obviously not true. At the crack of the dawn- very early in morning A cuckoo in the nest- someone in a group of people but not liked by them. A litmus test- a method which clearly proves something As the crow flies- measuring distance between two places in a straight line. A dead letter- an...
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...advertisement aims to deliver some kinds of information to the public in a short time. The reason why it is so attractive is not only the vocabulary or the grammar, but also the adoption of figures of speech, which implies some new meanings on the original idea that are lively and vivid, in order to leave a deep impression to people. There are some common figures of speech that PSA generally adopts. \ The article will stands on the point of view of rhetoric, discussing the PSA language, and mainly on the application of the figures of speech on PSA. To some extent, every object in the world exists with its unique characteristics around us. One of the rhetorical expressions, personification is to express lively these unique characteristics by a vision method. Personification regards the static entities as living dynamic entities, also implies some human being characteristics on the static entities. The application of personification is to give lives to the objects,(such as animals, plants) with the fancy imagination, in order to express the inside relationships of the object appropriately. It is a simple, touching rhetorical expressions which drives people generate infinite reverie. It is good to express in a relaxed and humor way, leading a communication between creative people and the public. Personification makes the dull sentences out of the form of sermon, but much closer to the audiences. Puns plays an important role in making two different meanings of the vocabulary and sentence...
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...autobiographical features since Jack Kerouac depicts the life of beat generation, the representor of which he was. From linguistic point of view, «On the road» is a unique example of spontaneous prose invented by Kerouac therefore it is an interesting material to research. Furthermore, little research has been undertaken to study the novel ‘On the Road’ as a linguistic phenomenon. The actuality of the theme of our research consists in research of the emotive prose as a linguistic prose, stylistic and lexical peculiarities of which are not investigated enough. The purpose of this study is to examine and analyze lexical and stylistic items used in novel ‘On the Road’ by Jack Kerouac. The tasks of our paper lie in description of stylistic characteristics of emotive prose, in detection and analysis of lexical and stylistic items in the novel. The object of the research is the novel ‘On the Road’ written by Jack Kerouac. The subject of the paper are stylistic and lexical special features of the language of the novel. The novelty of the academic work lies in investigation into the novel as a linguistic phenomenon as well as detailed analysis of lexical and stylistic items of it. First and foremost, it is important to mention that emotive prose is a type of belles-lettres style which is...
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...words. It is important for one who speaks figuratively to take in consideration the audience might not be able to fully follow or understand them completely. Although figurative language can be entertaining, it can be interpreted in a way other that what was intended. Therefore, it will need some explanation. Keywords: Figurative use of language is the use of words or phrases in a manner where the literal meaning of the words is not true or does not make sense, A literal usage is the "normal" meanings of the words. Figurative Language versus Literal Language An idiom is a catchphrase (expression) that deviates from the usual meaning of the words used. Idioms would be nonsensical if taken in a literal context. For example, “don’t bring sand to the beach” is a clever way of telling someone not to take something that will already be supplied – such as taking alcohol to a bar. Using this idiom on someone not proficient in English would cause a delay in...
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...Introduction to Psychological Testing Lady Scott PSY/475 July 10, 2013 Michelle Bailey Introduction to Psychological Testing The definition of testing according to the American Heritage Dictionary of Idioms by Christine Ammer (1997) “a set of standardized questions, problems, or tasks designed to elicit responses for use in measuring the traits, capacities, or achievements of an individual”. There are four major categories of testing, the first being mental ability test. “In the world of psychological testing, the term mental ability includes a wide variety of cognitive functions, such as memory, spatial visualization, and creative thinking” (Hogan, 2007). These tests are independently given to an individual to test their intelligence independently. These tests can also be given in a group setting, when done so it is to measure mental capacity overall in every day school topics. Test that are given to future college students fit under this category as well, being that is also test intelligence or possible level of attainment in school. The next category in testing is achievement test. “These tests attempt to assess a person’s level of knowledge or skill in a particular domain” (Hogan, 2007). Achievement testing is the most commonly used test, especially in grade school. Teachers use these in order to see if their students are learning the material being taught and to get a clear understanding of the student’s level of understanding of basic studies in several subjects...
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...Dictionary of English Idioms & Idiomatic Expressions Dictionary of English Idioms & Idiomatic Expressions .......................................... 1 ~ A ~ ..................................................................................................................... 1 ~ B ~ ..................................................................................................................... 3 ~ C ~ .................................................................................................................... 8 ~ D ~ .................................................................................................................. 11 ~ E ~ ................................................................................................................... 14 ~ F ~ ................................................................................................................... 15 ~ G ~ .................................................................................................................. 17 ~ H ~ .................................................................................................................. 19 ~ I ~ .................................................................................................................... 22 ~ J ~ ................................................................................................................... 24 ~ K ~ ...............................................................................................
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...500 B.C. to A.D. 16th cent.) 1) It is characterized by the use of materials like bricks, stone, rubble, and sand 2) Its most characteristic feature is the truncated pyramid. 3) Earliest settlement were roofed dugouts, pallisaded huts, wigwams, or garrisoned forts surrounding thatched half-timbered cottages. 2. COLONIAL PHASE (1607- 1780) -begins with the colonization of the North American continent. Settlers from various European countries brought with them the building techniques and prevailing forms of their respective homelands. Colonial architecture was subsequently adapted to the topography and climate of the chosen site, the availability of building materials, the dearth of trained builders and artisans, and the general poverty of the settlers. 1.Spanish Influence 2. English Influence(Georgian/ classical/ Palladian phase) Georgian architecture- the prevailing style of the 18thcent. In Great Britain and the north American colonies, so named after George I, II George and George III. Derived from classical, renaissance, and baroque forms. 3. POST COLONIAL PHASE (1790-1820) -architecture moved away from the English Georgian idiom and Neo-classical Elements were introduced Classic Revival Style Architectural Characteristics. * A more monumental type of state capitol was developed. Ex. a. Capitol, Washington D.C. - by William Thornton, assistedby Stephen...
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...CHAPTE CHAPTER 2 ARTICULATORY, ACOUSTIC AND AUDITORY PHONETICS. PHONOLOGY 2.1. Phonetics and phonology Two terms are (often loosely) used to refer to linguistic disciplines studying that part of the linguistic sign which de Saussure called the acoustic image: phonetics and phonology. The importance of sounds as vehicles of meaning is something people have been aware of for thousands of years. However, systematic studies on the speech sounds only appeared with the development of modern sciences. The term phonetics used in connection with such studies comes from Greek and its origins can be traced back to the verb phōnein, to speak, in its turn related to phōnē, sound. The end of the 18th century witnessed a revival of the interest in the studying of the sounds of various languages and the introduction of the term phonology. The latter comes to be, however, distinguished from the former only more than a century later with the development of structuralism which emphasizes the essential contrastive role of classes of sounds which are labeled phonemes. The terms continue to be used, however, indiscriminately until the prestige of phonology as a distinct discipline is finally established in the first half of the 20th century. Though there is no universally accepted point of view about a clear-cut border line between the respective domains of phonetics and phonology as, indeed, we cannot talk about a phonological system ignoring the phonetic aspects it involves and, on the other...
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...English-Russian Idioms Last updated: March 3, 2003 Please take a look at the important information about the copyright. Do not remove it. © 2000-2003 Natalya Belinsky All Rights Reserved This copy of the document was provided by the author for Educational Project FluentEnglish ( http://www.fluent-english.ru ) You have the royalty–free right to use this document as you wish. You are free to quote, copy, distribute or publish this document, but please DO NOT REMOVE this copyright information. No warranties of any kind are made to you as to this document or any medium it may be on. No liability is assumed by the author or Fluent English project for anything including but not limited to indirect, consequential, punitive or incidental damages; incomplete, inaccurate or corrupt data; transcription errors; a computer virus; computer codes that damage or cannot be read by your equipment. Please send your comments, corrections and contributions to the author: natalya.belinskaya@fluent-english.ru IDIOMS Natalya Belinsky 2 ИДИОМ Ы Наталья Белинская От составителя Думаю, любому человеку, сталкивавшемуся с необходимостью освоения иностранного языка в пределах, чуть превосходящий уровень школьной «тройки», приходилось иметь дело с выражениями, представляющими на первый взгляд полную абракадабру, хотя все слова вроде бы известны. Это кажущееся несоответствие значений слов смыслу фразы обуславливается, скорее всего, одной из двух причин: либо в данном выражении имеется какой-то...
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