...ANGELICUM COLLEGE Quezon City An Investigatory Project: Charcoal Leaves as an alternative for cooking Presented to: Ms. Rowelyn Molina In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements in Physics Submitted by: Christine Siatan Edbal Cajilig Laura Coronel Tristan Yapchiongco Japeth Mendoza Ericka Dizon Gabriel Cabacungan Jetrix Jose Abstract Dried leaves are the main material in the project. The purpose of doing the project is to find an alternative if the ordinary is not available. And the researchers need to find a sufficient and a good alternative so people will not buy charcoal, instead they will do it on their house and cook their own food using this dried leaves charcoal. Flour, water and dried leaves are the main materials of the dried leaves charcoal. To make it: First, burn a three plastic bags of dried leaves until it turn into ashes. Then, put it on a container and put a half cup of water (depends o how many ashes). Put flour and mix it carefully after that mold it to any shape and get the blower or put it on a hot surface. After it dries. The charcoal is now ready to be used. The researchers found out that dried leaves charcoal is a good alternative if the ordinary charcoal is not available. And both the charcoals produce same heat but don’t fire up at the same rate. But both of it can cook food, has the same color of fire and has any size. But you need many dried leaves charcoal to cook food Table of Contents Chapter 1: Introduction ...
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...Fuel from the Fields Charcoal Fuel from the Fields charcoal is an inexpensive, clean-burning, environmentally friendly alternative cooking fuel that is made from agricultural waste materials and thus does not lead to deforestation. This instruction sheet explains how to make Fuel from the Fields charcoal; the process can and should be adapted to your local environment. We encourage you to experiment and let us know your results (you can email us at charcoal@mit.edu) 1 Elements for making Charcoal The main step in making Fuel from the Fields charcoal is carbonization, which requires three things: dry organic material (also called biomass), heat, and control of the amount of oxygen. The biomass may be any of a variety of agricultural waste materials including: corncobs, sugarcane waste (bagasse), millet stalks, groundnut shells, palm leaves or bamboo. It must be very dry in order to burn properly. The heat is generated by setting the biomass on fire, and the oxygen-free environment is created by sealing the drum with sand or soil. The carbonized material is then crushed, mixed with a binder, and then made into briquettes. Biomass Heat Oxygen Control 2 1. Preparing the Kiln A 55 gallon oil drum can be used as a kiln to make charcoal Cut a large opening for filling Cut several holes in the the kiln with the material you bottom of the drum. These want to carbonize. holes allow air to flow through the drum while burning, which results in a hotter fire...
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...“CHARCOAL LEAVES” PROMOTIONAL TITLE “THE FEASIBILITY OF DRIED LEAVES” SCIENTIFIC TITLE Presented by: Capati, Danlee P. Galampanao, Neil John R. Olavides, Jonell C. Sinones, John Michael P. Valena, Adrian Thomas N. Ignacio, Michelle G. Madrid, Ronalene R. Padama, Jenica B. Toribio, Ma. Aranz P. IV-COMPASSION J.P. SIOSON GENERAL HOSPITAL AND COLLEGES, INC. S.Y.:2012-2013 ABSTRACT Dried leaves are the main material in the project. The purpose of doing the project is to find an alternative if the ordinary is not available. And the researchers need to find a sufficient and a good alternative so people will not buy charcoal, instead they will do it on their house and cook their own food using this dried leaves charcoal. Flour, water and dried leaves are the main materials of the dried leaves charcoal. To make it. First, burn a three plastic bags of dried leaves until it turn into ashes. Then, put it on a container and put a half cup of water (depends o how many ashes). Put flour and mix it carefully after that mold it to any shape and get the blower or put it on a hot surface. After it dries. The charcoal is now ready to be used. The researchers found out that dried leaves charcoal is a good altervantive if the ordinary charcoal is not available. And both the charcoals produce same heat but don’t fire up at the same rate. But both of it can cook food, has the same color of fire and has any size. But you need many dried leaves charcoal to cook food. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ...
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...chemicals to control pests in his vegetable farm. However, he was not completely satisfied with various botanical pest control measures being promoted in northern Thailand. He reports that even though certain natural insect repellents were beneficial, their effects were too limited. Additionally, finding adequate amounts of necessary raw plant materials and processing them into sprays was laborious and time consuming. When Mr. Prakrit first heard about wood vinegar in 2000 he was intrigued. Compelled by the idea of a natural by-product of charcoal production that can control pests and diseases of crops, he bought his first bottle. Having used the product, Mr. Prakrit was pleased with the ease of mixing and application. Ultimately, after observing much fewer insect pests and fungal diseases on his crops, he became convinced of the effectiveness of wood vinegar. Not long afterwards, Mr. Prakrit became self sufficient in producing both charcoal and wood vinegar with a 200-liter horizontal drum kiln. He has been an advocate of wood vinegar ever since. Wood vinegar (pryoligneous liquor) is rapidly gaining acceptance as an essential Asian natural farming input. Reported agricultural use as a fertilizer and growth-promoting agent goes back to the 1930s, making the product a relatively new innovation. Uses of Wood Vinegar According to Thailand’s Department of Agriculture, wood vinegar has the following broad benefits: • Improvement of soil quality • Elimination of pests •...
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...Activated Charcoal: Good or Bad? Activated charcoal is charcoal that has been treated with oxygen, which makes it more porous and increases its surface area. This also increases its capacity to absorb gases and liquids, which works by chemically binding the impurities to the carbon surface. Activated charcoal is most typically utilized to remove odorous substances from the atmosphere. Wood, peat, coconut shells, coal and sawdust are the most common materials used for making activated charcoal. Activated charcoal is most commonly found in aquarium filters, drinking-water filters and air filters; and has a role in the treatment of ingested poisons for humans. What is Charcoal? Charcoal is produced from the combustion of plant material, most typically wood, and closely resembles coal. It is extensively produced in the developing world, where it is used as a fuel for cooking and heating requirements. It is produced by heating wood at a low temperature in the absence of oxygen. All that remains after this process is the black carboniferous material know as charcoal. Activated Charcoal for Human Health Activated charcoal is utilized in human health, particularly in the treatment of poisoning, where it is ingested to counter the effects of a chemical. It is generally produced in a powdered form, which can be mixed with water and consumed as a suspension, or as a food supplement for where it comes in small, readily digested tablets or capsules. This form of activated charcoal is...
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...Kingsford Charcoal Target Market * Since three out of four US households owned a barbecue grill and over 80% of the grill ownership came from “younger, larger, and higher income families”, therefore these types of individuals would be the primary target market. (page 2) * In addition, men would be the ideal gender for the target market since “60% of barbecuers were men.” (Page 2) The men would also be “18-54 - die hard grillers” since after comparing both grilling methods of charcoal and gas, charcoal provided a more “hands on” experience as well as a better tasting flavor. The article states “from a blind test performed with 796 men and women ages 18-54 they asked to compare foods that were cooked on both gas and charcoal and the participants “preferred the taste of charcoal-grilled over gas”.(Page 8) * When it comes to taste the most appropriate target segment would be one who prefers “a real barbecue flavor, smoky flavor, and a taste like it was grilled over a fire.” (page 8) Even though charcoal takes longer to set up, it provides a better satisfaction in the taste category for the consumers. Well worth the wait. * Furthermore, two main target segments that Kingsford Charcoal should focus its efforts on are the Regular Exclusives as well as the Instant Exclusives. The benefits of targeting Regular Exclusives is that they enjoy the “hands on experience” that comes along with the quality and taste of their food. However, Instant Exclusives prefer the quick...
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...Kingsford Charcoal ande Kunal P kunalpande@hotmail.com Prof-‐ Bob Carroll MKM805ms The Charcoal category has seen a loss of 2% from 4% between 1998 -‐2000, this can affect Clorox’s business growth if Kingsford sales and revenue takes a hit. • The unanticipated weather conditions in the United States added to the softening of Sales in charcoal category between 1998-2000. • The Convenience of using a gas grill increased causing consumers shifting from charcoal grilling to Gas grilling • Kingsford curtailed its advertising budget excessively from $6m in 1997 to $1m in 2000 • Promotional activities were cut back which were one of the key drivers of Kingsford’s Sales. Kingsford market share leveraged from the increase in prices from royal oak and private label Year 1999 2000 Kinsgford 54.2 57.7 Private label 33.3 33.9 Private label 13.7 7.1 Kingsford is a brand with superior quality compared to royal oak and private label and is proven in lab tests. ...
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...THE USE OF BIOMASS WASTES TO FABRICATE CHARCOAL SUBSTITUTES IN KENYA Feasibility Study forming part of the Shell Foundation-supported project on charcoal briquetting in Kenya March 2004 Chardust Ltd. P.O. Box 24371 Nairobi and Spectrum Technical Services P.O. Box 69993 Nairobi Executive Summary This study was designed by Chardust Ltd. and implemented jointly by Chardust and Spectrum Technical Services, a Nairobi-consulting firm. The aim was to determine the viability of producing briquetted charcoal fuel from biomass wastes in Kenya. The study was funded by the Shell Foundation and conducted over a two month period in late 2003. The viability of producing fuel commercially from biomass wastes was assessed from four perspectives: (a) Availability: Existence and accessibility of biomass in bulk, preferably with no competing uses. The study began with a list of 28 potential wastes, which was narrowed down to 20 and then to just ten, according to a ranking system based upon basic availability and accessibility. (b) Conversion Potential: Physical suitability for drying, carbonisation and briquetting. Samples of the ten short-listed wastes were sourced and delivered to Chardust in Nairobi, where production trials were carried out. Based on these trials, a ranking system was devised for comparing the wastes in terms of their suitability for fuel production. (c) Fuel Quality: Energy value and general performance of fabricated fuel. The third part of the study comprised...
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...HIGHLIGHTS ON WOOD CHARCOAL: 2004-2009 By Mr Florian Steierer, Forestry Officer (Wood Energy), FAO Forestry Department Data source: FAOSTAT-ForesSTAT, released on 12 January 2011 PRODUCTION The global production of wood charcoal was estimated at 47 million metric tonnes in 2009 and increased by 9% since 2004. This development is being very strongly influenced by Africa. Africa is the region with the by far most important production, accounting for 63% of global production. Charcoal production boosted in Africa by almost 30% since 2004, extended Africa’s global lead (see Table 1). The region of Latin America and the Caribbean shows an opposite trend compared to Africa. Charcoal production decreased to 8.8 million metric tonnes which is a reduction by almost 30% since 2004. Latin America and Caribbean production is now close to the Asian production of 7.4 million metric tonnes. However, this development of charcoal production in Latin America and the Caribbean was strongly influenced by the data reported by Brazil. Brazil is the biggest single charcoal producing country in the world (see Figure 2), and its production accounts for 47% of the charcoal production in Latin America and the Caribbean in 2009. Charcoal production in Brazil is only reported for the production of pig iron. In the wake of the economic downturn, production decreased from 8.4 million metric tonnes in 2008 to 5.1 million metric tonnes in 2009 (see Table 1). Latest national data, which are not yet...
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...“Analysis of charcoal value chains general considerations” Steve Sepp – Eco Consulting Group - Germany On behalf of 1 Table of Content Introduction............................................................................................................................................. 2 Importance of promoting the charcoal value chain ................................................................................ 3 Common issues characterizing the charcoal value chain ........................................................................ 3 Analyzing the charcoal value chain ......................................................................................................... 4 Building a roadmap for charcoal value chain upgrading ......................................................................... 7 Conclusions............................................................................................................................................ 10 References ............................................................................................................................................. 11 Introduction Charcoal is a prime source of energy in most African country, as well as a driving force of their economies with estimated annual growth rates of around 3.7 percent [1]. Surprisingly enough, policy makers pay little attention to the ways in which charcoal is produced and sold – e.g. the question as to whether wood used for charcoal burning is harvested...
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...for case Kingsford Charcoal 1. Describe the main challenges faced by brand managers Marcilie Smith Boyle and Allison Warren. Of what relevant trends should they be aware? Main challenges specifically relevant to brand managers at Kingsford Charcoal: * A slow down in the growth in the charcoal category from 4% growth to just 2%, which is only predicted to decline further. *Possibly a symptom of weather conditions or changing consumer trends which lend themselves toward gas grilling* * A rise in the use of gas grilling (shown through number of shipments), as opposed to charcoal grilling also may have been a symptom of the underlying problem, that of the competitor’s price increases * The decision of some of KC’s channel partners to raise prices in line with other brands (especially considering the minimal price increases in the past) * The sales of charcoal are somewhat dependant on weather, an uncontrollable variant * Brand managers may have to recoup losses incurred in NOT significantly advertising over the last two years since 1998. * An important challenge is to engage retailers and distributors with the brand, and ensure they are willing to offer promotions, stock an adequate supply, and utilise product placement to its best ability. * Brand managers need to ensure profitability is healthy, as well as reinvigorating the existing brand equity Trends and associations that the brand managers should be aware of: * Charcoal grilling associations...
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...Advantages of using Paper Charcoal 1. Concentrated. Since Paper Charcoals are created from compressing combustible material such as paper, it is denser, harder, and more compact compared to other charcoals. 2. Slow-burning. The compression process allows the paper charcoal to burn for a lot longer than if it was loose in its original form. 3. More efficient. Along with the compactness of the paper charcoal is the increase in heating value. This greater efficiency can be attributed to their low moisture and density. 4. Availability. Paper is the main component in producing this product. So where do we get this paper? Look around you, and there are loads of paper materials here, there, and everywhere. 5. Easily stored. The size and shape of paper charcoal make them easily be stored. We can readily pile them in several heaps because of their fun shapes like cubical, spherical, cylindrical, or rectangular blocks. They are likewise clean to handle and be packed into bags. 6. Cheaper. Since this charcoal can be domestically made from waste paper, they are consequently less expensive to produce, and thereby sold at lower prices. 7. Renewable. This charcoal makes use of waste materials which are common and renewable. Hence, we are ensured of the sustainability of such fuel source. 8. Easier to lit. The use of paper as the main component makes it easier to light compared to wood charcoals. Therefore, the use of gas, plastic and other methods of ignition will no longer be necessary. 9...
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...Charcoal Trade Stripping Somalia of Trees Deforestation Contributing Factor to Famine, Say Experts By SAID ISMAIL ©Somalia Report Branches burn in early stages of charcoal making Since the fall of Somalia’s central government in 1991 and the resulting decades of chaos, illegal deforestation for charcoal – a major source of income for Islamist militant group al-Shabaab - has become an everyday practice. The decimation of trees in southern Somalia has caused tremendous environmental damage, and many believe the practice has contributed heavily to the current famine that the UN says has claimed tens of thousands of lives. According to the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP), a lack of energy alternatives in the country is the primary driving cause of the deforestation that has engulfed the region. Charcoal is made by chopping down trees, setting fire to a closely stacked pile of branches and trunks, and covering it with sand so that the amount of oxygen and air is limited. This super charges a process that would otherwise take years to achieve naturally. The charcoal business has become a source of livelihood for many families displaced in the civil unrest and the recent drought that has affected millions of families in south and central Somalia. The charcoal is produced in remote areas and then brought to cities for use and export. The devastating toll that the charcoal trade is having on ordinary people is now alerting other administrations in the country. Pro-government...
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...Kingsford Charcoal Unit 4 12/1/2010 1. Given your analysis of the Kingsford case, what are (or reasonably could be) the key drivers impacting the observed trend towards declining growth rates in recent years? How would you prioritize these issues? Make sure that you include your rationale in your answer? There are many reasons that are leading to a decline in growth rate of the entire charcoal category in the years leading up to 2000 and 2001. The biggest reason and the toughest for Kingsford to combat is the gas grill. The perception of gas grilling as easier, faster, and almost the same taste as charcoal grilling has hampered the charcoal category. With the emphasis on “green” living and environmental consciousness, charcoal and charcoal production and its negative effect on the environment, is another reason people are turning to gas grilling. Gas grill shipments grew 8 percent in 2000, while charcoal grill shipments dropped 3 percent over the same time period. Gas grill shipments have increased each year from 1997 through 2000. Charcoal grills only increased one of those years. It is very unlikely Kingsford can reverse this trend. They must strive to slow gas grill usage and remind the grilling public about the advantages of charcoal grilling; better taste, it is a true grilling experience, and the fact that certain charcoal products like Matchlight, are almost as quick as gas grilling. Kingsford has a unique advantage in the entire grilling population;...
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...DESIGN FOR RICE HULL AS AN ALTERNATIVE SUBSTITUTE CHARCOAL Submitted By: John Paul Apolinario Jose Ramil Gaña Eugene Denamarca Introduction: This is the research design for the comparative/experimental study named as “Rice hull as an Alternative Substitute to Coconut Charcoal”. This contains the blueprint of the tests needed to conclude whether Rice hulls can equal or surpass Coconut as charcoal in different aspects. Test 1: In this test, we will compare the durability of Rice Hull Charcoal to the Coconut Charcoal, and the maximum temperature achieved in the performed test. In this experiment, durability of the rice hull is defined as the length of time it can sustain the maximum temperature. Variables of this test: Independent Variables: Type of Charcoal Dependent Variables: Maximum Temperature Durability Control set-up: To test whether Rice Hull Charcoal is good enough to contest Coconut Charcoal, The Control set-up would include a pot, 2/4 full of water, thermometer, and electric fan. Experimental set-up: The experimental set-up would include Rice Hull Charcoal instead of Coconut Charcoal in the same weight. All the other variables, such as the pot, amount of water, thermometer, and electric fan will be the same. Replication: We will replicate the test 40 times to reduce inaccurate data. Data retrieved will be analyzed using the statistical tool T-Test. Set-up 1: Type of Charcoal | Amount (grams) | Level of Air* | Amount of Water**...
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