...Different Types of Charismatic Leadership Krissy Island Liberty University Author Note Krissy Island, Student in Health Care Management with a minor in Human Resources at Liberty University. Abstract This paper will defines the different types of Charismatic leadership, whether it is used by a man or a woman. It will explore nine different articles to give a full broad view of how important charisma is when leadership is being obtained. The main charismatic leadership type that will try to be achieved is “Referent Power”. This paper will also go on to show how in business leadership is built and maintained. Also, how many famous leaders are prime examples of these charismatic leadership styles. It will go through the most powerful religious leaders, powerful business, and political powerhouses. This paper will show how each one possesses referent power and charismatic qualities and how they influence our decisions today. This paper will show how people use their charisma in daily day to day task and not even know they are using it. Keywords: Leadership, Charisma, Referent power Different Types of Charismatic Leadership There are different types of charismatic leadership. Charismatic leadership has cause some to debate over such a type of leadership. Some think it is difficult to define, such as Max Weber; he has also seriously tried to address the magical aspects...
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...Charismatic Leadership A charismatic leader is one who reveals “a transcendent mission or course of action that may not be in itself appealing to the potential followers, but which is acted on because the followers believe their leader is extraordinarily gifted” (Patrick, 2011, page 364). Charisma is the interplay between the leader’s traits and behaviors and the follower’s needs, beliefs, values, and perceptions. Charisma inspires devotion and enthusiasm. A charismatic leader is one who by their personality can have profound effects upon followers. The characteristics of a charismatic leader are a strong sense of self-confidence, conviction of the rightness of their own beliefs and ideas, and dominance (Patrick, 2011). Charismatic leaders are role-models who set the values and beliefs they want their followers to follow. They set high goals and demanding expectations, show confidence in their follower’s abilities, and articulate their visions of the future. The relationship between the leader and follower is emotional in nature and effects the follower’s commitment, motivation, and performance (Patrick, 2011). There are certain behaviors a charismatic leader exhibits. A charismatic leader sets the example for their followers. They model the value and beliefs they want followers to adopt. Charismatic leaders also build the image they want portrayed. They take actions that are viewed favorably by followers that provide an impression of competence and success. Lastly, goal articulation...
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...CHARISMATIC LEADERSHIP: STRATEGIES FOR EFFECTING SOCIAL CHANGE C. Marlene Fiol University of Colorado - Denver Drew Harris Fairleigh Dickinson University Robert House University of Pennsylvania Second revision February 1999 Please address all correspondence to: C. Marlene Fiol University of Colorado at Denver College of Business CB 165 PO Box 173364 Denver CO 80217-3364 303-556-5812 mfiol@castle.cudenver.edu CHARISMATIC LEADERSHIP: STRATEGIES FOR EFFECTING SOCIAL CHANGE ABSTRACT Due to their unique relationship with followers, charismatic leaders can be powerful agents of social change. Current theories of charismatic leadership have emphasized primarily the personality and behavior of leaders and their effects on followers, organizations, and society. This emphasis fails to uncover why and how the charismatic leader-follower interaction can generate social change. Our study draws on theories of social meaning to develop a process model of charismatic leadership. Empirical exploration of our model suggests that charismatic leaders employ a set of consistent communication strategies for effecting social change. INTRODUCTION We have substantial evidence that charismatic leaders behave differently than non-charismatic leaders. Further, we know that charismatic leaders can generate radical social changes, and that the performance of charismatic leaders and their followers tends to exceed that...
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...Charismatic Leadership Introduction We have evidence that charismatic leaders behave differently than non-charismatic leaders. Furthermore we know that charismatic leaders can generate social changes with ease, and that the performance of charismatic leaders and their subordinates is at a higher level when compared to that of non-charismatic. At this moment in time very little about the processes by which leaders and followers interact to effect social changes (Meindl, 1992). This paper will answer the questions I think need to be addressed when try to understand charismatic leaders: Why do charismatic leaders act and behave a certain way? Why do the people who follow react in predictable ways to these behaviors? How does the leader follower relationship and interaction generate social change? In this paper, we dissect certain behaviors that begin to explain why and how the charismatic leader-follower interaction can generate change in the workplace or in any social atmosphere for that matter. I will examine the speeches of some of out nation’s greatest and most charismatic presidents, the CEO’s of our country. The analyzing of these speeches will show that charismatic leaders use consistent communication techniques to break down, move, and then change the norms of their followers. Charismatic leaders have the ability to break down, move, and alter the mindset of their followers...
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...House’s (1977) Charismatic Leadership In 1977, Robert House proposed a new theory called charismatic leadership based on earlier theories by Max Weber. Charismatic leadership can be defined as a mostly emotionally connection between the leader and the followers. In this theory, the follower identifies with the behavior, values and goals of the leader and becomes devoted to their objective. To win over the followers, the leader must possess exceptional qualities that are distinctly different from any of the other choices. The leader is often chosen because they are seen as dominant and they instill a feeling of confidence. This feeling of confidence is often because the leader is a self-confident individual themselves. Confidence, like an infectious disease, can spread and motivate the followers to work harder, be more efficient and even accomplish high-level goals. Charismatic leaders have a, “natural predisposition to be self-assured (2014, pp. 73).” The self-assured personality trait is needed when trying to influence the follower. The leader can often take complex ideas and communicate them effectively. Most importantly, they can do it with conviction. An example of this is the “I have a Dream” speech by Dr. Martin Luther King. Dr. King tells a story and uses vivid examples to convey his message. The story speaks of his vision and expresses his moral values. Another example of a charismatic leader is Quint Studor, a leader in the health care industry. If you have...
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...[Xilinx] The variables that indicate charismatic leadership are described below, with an analysis of Wim Roelandts’ performance in each category. The case describes other instances of the Xilinx executives exhibiting some of the characteristics of charismatic leadership below but none of the examples mentioned incorporate as many of the variables as Wim Roelandts. The circumstances surrounding Wim Roelandts’ transition to Xilinx reflect many of the external factors generally perceived as characteristics of a charismatic leader. He came in from another successful firm, HP, with the goal of instituting visionary changes at Xilinx. He brought with him the idea that Xilinx could be both a firm which valued employees and treated them well while maintaining competitiveness in the market. Wim shares his vision of the company with the other managers as well as with the employees and motivates the members of the organization to work together to make the company a success and the workplace employee friendly. He maintains avenues of communication with employees even though it has become too difficult to speak with them in person. The employees make it clear that the emphasis on the value of their input and respect for their ideas is a key factor in their satisfaction despite other difficulties that might have engendered employee dissatisfaction. Charismatic leadership is an attribution based on follower perceptions of their leader’s behavior. Charismatic leaders… A. Formulate a shared...
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...Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. What is leadership? 3. Who is a leader? 4. Key Theories of Leadership 5. The Charismatic Leaders and their leadership 6. Contingent Leaders, a model to follow? 7. Conclusion Introduction This report reviews and examines the theories behind leadership; identifying and analysing the concept of leadership and leaders from an analytical perspective. Some of the key points will focus on areas I have particular disputes with. Areas such as: • What is leadership? • Who is a leader? • Key Theories of Leadership • The Charismatic Leaders and their leadership • Contingent Leaders, a model to follow? These are the key points I will address in this report taking an analytical perspective into the idea of a leader being thought of as caring and developing followers. 2 WHAT IS LEADERSHIP? I believe the actual concept of leadership is intangible; this is due to the reliance on the members of the group the “Leader” has to try and influence to reach its target goal. Therefore Leadership is commonly defined as the process of influencing the activities of an organized group in its efforts towards goal setting and goal achievement (Buchanan and Huczynski. 1985, 2010). Leadership appears to be a critical ingredient in effectiveness; a process of social persuasion in which one can enlist the aid and support...
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...information in terms of personal Charismatic Leadership in management. While it is true there exists a myriad of personal business leadership styles, and personalities, the business-driven executive desiring to succeed must find a balance in their skills and aptitude. An honest reflective analysis of your weaknesses, strengths, and overall abilities to lead the team of subordinates’ demands that you rise to the occasion of putting your best Charismatic Leadership qualities to work. This overview addresses the bulk of these challenges from research, to theory, to practice in a manner that makes suggestions for assessments, and recommendations to aid in achievement towards excellence in development of your best personal Charismatic Leadership style by way of analysis and learning skill enhancement. Charismatic Leadership Styles: Smart Managers Prepare Many definitions arise when Charismatic Leadership is explored. According to Raelin (2003), charismatic leadership is taken from the word of charisma, which is derived from the Greek word meaning “gift”. This type of leader has many gifts and is much more likely to be an extrovert or social. Charisma is also said to be granted supernaturally on the individual (Johnson, 2007). Finally, as Conger & Kanungo state (1998), charismatic leadership is an attribution based on followers’ perceptions of their leader’s behavior. This focus paper on personal Charismatic Leadership style is based upon scouting out...
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...Tom Loughman and John Finley investigate how is Beowulf as a leader of his people, specify the ways why Beowulf is an exemplary of charismatic leadership, and analyze how the poem displays the overreliance upon a ring-giver is a risk. The authors, Loughman and Finley caption this “Beowulf and the Teaching of Leadership” and argues that Beowulf is an exemplification of an appealing leader. In the Old English poem Beowulf, the warrior battles with three monsters: Grendel, Grendel’s mother and an infuriated dragon. In the first battle, Grendel attacks the mead hall and attempts to grasp Beowulf’s arm, but then Grendel exits with his arm cut off. Grendel’s mother seeks vengeance and fights Beowulf, but Beowulf found a sword and slaughters Grendel’s mother. After 50 years, the King of Geats encounters a dragon and vows to slay it but due to his age, he became feeble and the dragon executed him. Only Wiglaf, Beowulf’s nephew remains by his side. Finley and Loughman’s topic is legitimate. Beowulf is an exceptional ruler. The ruler of the Geats embodies the characteristics of a Conger and Kanungo’s charismatic...
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...Leadership Interpretation September 9, 2009 University of Texas at San Antonio Leadership Interpretation September 9, 2009 On September 9, 2009, the 44th President of the United States, Barack Hussein Obama, addressed a Joint Session of Congress to speak on comprehensive health care reform. A highly intelligent man, he received his Bachelor of Arts from Columbia University and his Juris Doctorate from Harvard University in 1991. To his credit, he was the first African-American to be President of the Harvard Law Review (Butterfield). Throughout his life, President Obama has displayed high degree of cognitive intelligence leading to his executive intelligence. His insight into common problems was evident as early as his days organizing community rallies up to his present position of President of the United States. His level of creativity fostered widespread support during his ramp up to becoming the 44th president. The country bought and continues to buy what he is selling, and this has allowed his campaign and presidency to get the biggest genuine grassroots support the country had seen to date. Health care reform was one of several promises Candidate Barack Obama made during the 2008 election season. Now, President Obama promises health care reform will no longer be an issue for the common American. In his speech to the Joint Session of Congress, he stated he was “determined to be the last” (Obama), in reference to past presidents who attempted...
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...Journal of Business Ethics (2008) 77:431–449 DOI 10.1007/s10551-007-9358-8 Ó Springer 2007 The Dark Side of Authority: Antecedents, Mechanisms, and Outcomes of Organizational Corruption Ruth V. Aguilera Abhijeet K. Vadera ABSTRACT. Corruption poisons corporations in America and around the world, and has devastating consequences for the entire social fabric. In this article, we focus on organizational corruption, described as the abuse of authority for personal benefit, and draw on Weber’s three ideal-types of legitimate authority to develop a theoretical model to better understand the antecedents of different types of organizational corruption. Specifically, we examine the types of business misconduct that organizational leaders are likely to engage in, contingent on their legitimate authority, motives, and justifications. We conclude by suggesting managerial implications of our theoretical model and propose directions for future research. KEY WORDS: authority, bureaucracy, corruption, opportunity, motivation, justification, types of organizational corruption, weber, white-collar crime The issue of corruption has been gaining increasing importance in today’s world. The World Bank has singled out corruption as the largest obstacle to economic and social development, and in our search of the word ‘corruption’ in article headings in The Wall Street Journal in 2004, the word appeared 496 times. Much evidence also suggests that corruption is as ancient as disloyalty and...
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...Rastafari This page intentionally left blank Rastafari From Outcasts to Culture Bearers Ennis Barrington Edmonds 2003 198 Madison Avenue, New York, New York 10016 Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford It furthers the University's objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide in Oxford New York Auckland Bangkok Buenos Aires Cape Town Chennai Dar es Salaam Delhi Hong Kong Istanbul Karachi Kolkata Kuala Lumpur Madrid Melbourne Mexico City Mumbai Nairobi São Paulo Shanghai Taipei Tokyo Toronto Oxford is a registered trade mark of Oxford University Press in the UK and in certain other countries Copyright © 2003 by Ennis Barrington Edmonds The moral rights of the authors have been asserted Database right Oxford University Press (maker) All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted by law, or under terms agreed with the appropriate reprographics rights organization. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the address above You must not circulate this book in any other binding or cover and you must impose this same condition on any acquirer Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Edmonds...
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...until virtually the start of the twentieth century. As we will see in the next few pages, a scattering of writers and recorded examples from a small number of organization in different places in the civilized world did leave their mark on management thought and practice before the beginning of the twentieth century. Pre-Industrial Revolution Influance As the feature “Even Ancient Civilizations Faced Managerial Challenges” shows, as far back as roughly 1000 B.C., preceptive officials in China were writing about how to manage and control organized human activity. Five hundred or so years later, in approximately the fourth century B.C., an illustrious Chinese military leader of the time, Sun Tzu, wrote about his views of principles of leadership (for example, the need for the leader to promote until within an organization), ideas that many consider are still relevant to today’s organization Other civilizations, such as those of ancient Egypt and, later, Rome, were able to organize large numbers of people to carry out coordinated activities that required a form of what today we would call “management” In the late middle ages, city-states in Europe such as Venice and Florence were managing certain activities with procedures that today we would consider “modern”. For example, Venice had a large shipyard at the time that, in effect adopted such managerial control procedures as the standardization of parts. The Industrial Revolution in England The fundamental changes that took...
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...Case Study #3 The Democrat and the Dictator Jazmyn D. Mitchell Chamberlain College of Nursing For our Week 3 online lesson, we were assigned to learn about the rise of charismatic leaders of the 1930s who dramatically changed the world (CCN, 2016). The two leaders I learned most about where Franklin D. Roosevelt and Adolf Hitler. According to Week 3 online lesson, “Franklin D. Roosevelt was a practical politician with charismatic qualities who provided leadership during the Great Depression” (CCN, 2016). He was considered or labeled as being a dominant leader figure to the people of the United States preceding World War II (CCN, 2016). “During his first week in office, he called a special session of Congress, declared a bank holiday, sponsored an Emergency Banking Act, and held his first fireside chat” (CCN, 2016). In accordance to Week 3 online lesson, he promised the American people a “New Deal” for America, which consisted of relief, recovery, and reform (CCN, 2016). FDR promised to provide jobs for the unemployed, protect farmers from foreclosure, conserve farmlands, rebuild the economy, abolish child labor, and regulate banks (CCN, 2016). According to Week 3 online lesson, “Adolf Hitler was a charismatic leader who rose to power in Germany during the intra-war period” (CCN, 2016). Through what they labeled as their period of dissatisfaction and uncertainty, Hitler had the support of the German people (CCN, 2016). It is understood in the lesson that Hitler had more...
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...According to Weber, authority is power accepted as legitimate by those subjected to it. These three forms of authority are said to appear in a "hierarchical development order". States progress from charismatic authority, to traditional authority, and finally reach the state of rational-legal authority which is characteristic of a modern liberal democracy. However in this paper, we will try to agree with Max Weber’s statement that, legal – rational authority is the most rational type of authority, while giving reasons to our argument. In English, the word 'authority' can be used to mean power given by the state (in the form of Members of Parliament, Judges, Police Officers, etc.) or by academic knowledge of an area (someone can be an authority on a subject). The word "Authority" with capital "A”, refers to the governing body upon which such authority (with lower case "a") is vested ( Arendt, 1961: 53). However, authority is often used interchangeably in governments with the term "power". However, their meanings differ. Authority refers to a claim of legitimacy, the justification and right to exercise power (Spencer, 1970: 258). For example, while a mob has the power to punish a criminal, for example by lynching, people who believe in the rule of law consider that only a court of law to have the authority to order capital punishment. Max Weber, in his sociological and philosophical work, identified and distinguished three types of legitimate domination that have sometimes been rendered...
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