...Charles Darwin From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia For other people named Charles Darwin, see Charles Darwin (disambiguation). Charles Darwin Darwin, aged 45 in 1854, by then working towards publication of On the Origin of Species Born Charles Robert Darwin 12 February 1809 The Mount, Shrewsbury, Shropshire, United Kingdom Died 19 April 1882 (aged 73) Down House, Downe, Kent, United Kingdom Residence England Citizenship British Nationality British Fields Naturalist Institutions tertiary education: University of Edinburgh (medicine) University of Cambridge (ordinary Bachelor of Arts) professional institution: Geological Society of London Academic advisors John Stevens Henslow Adam Sedgwick Known for The Voyage of the Beagle On the Origin of Species evolution by natural selection, common descent Influences Alexander von Humboldt John Herschel Charles Lyell Influenced Joseph Dalton Hooker Thomas Henry Huxley George Romanes Ernst Haeckel Sir John Lubbock Notable awards Royal Medal (1853) Wollaston Medal (1859) Copley Medal (1864) Spouse Emma Darwin (married 1839) Signature Charles Robert Darwin, FRS (12 February 1809 – 19 April 1882) was an English naturalist.[I] He established that all species of life have descended over time from common ancestors,[1] and proposed the scientific theory that this branching pattern of evolution resulted from a process that he called natural selection, in which the struggle for existence has a similar effect...
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...- PERSONAL OBSERVATIONS----------------------------------------------------------------------------- CONCLUSION------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- BIBLIOGRAPHY---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2 Introduction The word fundamentalism is surrounded and associated with disturbing controversy in our contemporary society. Although the term fundamentalism has become a somewhat theological dirty word, in connection with the explosive theory of evolution, espoused by Charles Darwin; and in relation to the world famous Scopes trial, the...
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...Evolution has been accepted as a fact by many, but new research has shown something people did not expect. Some scientists believe that evolution does not answer where life came from and uses natural selection and evolution interchangeably. New research shows that mutations do not allow evolution to occur. A recent study questions the age of fossils and the most trusted dating method, radioisotope dating. Finally, the eruption of Mount St. Helens changed the view of erosion and sedimentation. A big issue in evolution is where life came from. Even if one assumes that humans evolved from Protozoa, they still have a question; where did the protozoa come from? Ker Than explains that scientists do not know. There are endless possibilities to explain...
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...Growing up, I was raised in church with my father being a pastor of a church in the community. I was taught the bible and the book of Genesis. The different beliefs that were instilled in me were to believe that God created man and woman. In evolutionary or ecology classes, we are introduced to the theory of where man came from amoeba-like organisms, or even that we evolved from apes. How did life of origin arise? The components of evolution might explain how, but Creation gives a reason to believe why. Origin of life’s existence, as well as age of the earth is a question that is looked under a microscope and probed through both biblical theories, as well as scientific. Looking at difference evidence, acceptance of creation is growing even in spite of scientists trying to prove evolution. Within this paper, there will be different pieces of evidence and facts supporting each theory and there will be an argument, within my conclusion, on which theory I support. The theory of creation can be explained through various books in the bible. Creationists use the Bible as the truth for which they believe the origin of life came into existence. In bible studies and bible school, we were taught that God took clay from the ground which he shaped to a man that he called Adam. A verse in the King James Version, of the Bible, mentions “and the Lord God formed man of the dust of the ground, and breathed into his nostrils the breath of life; and man became a living soul.” Then, the Lord made...
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...major mountain chains. Plants and animals living in those parts of the world where such events occurred were often killed off, according to the 19th-century French scientist Georges Cuvier. Then new life forms moved in from other areas. As a result, the fossil record for a region shows abrupt changes in species. Cuvier's explanation relied solely on scientific evidence rather than biblical interpretation. Immanuel Velikovsky's In the 1950s, Immanuel Velikovsky propounded catastrophism in several popular books. He speculated that the planet Venus is a former "comet" which was ejected from Jupiterand subsequently 3,500 years ago made two catastrophic close passes by Earth, 52 years apart, and later interacted with Mars, which then had a series of near collisions with Earth which ended in 687 B.C., before settling into its current orbit. Velikovsky used this to explain the biblical plagues of Egypt, the biblical reference to the "Sun standing still" for a day (Joshua 10:12 & 13, explained by changes in Earth's rotation), and the sinking of Atlantis. Scientists rejected Velikovsky's theories, often quite passionately.[11] Modern...
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...from first to most recent (our own), believed essentially the same creation story is astonishing in its consistency. Naturally, such long-term consistency made it extremely difficult to challenge when the accumulation of scientific evidence could no longer be ignored. Charles Darwin is usually credited with issuing the first call for a rational examination of divine creation as the belief system regarding the origins of life and humanity. However, in his 1859 classic, The Origin Of Species, he skirted both issues in an attempt to placate his era’s dominant power structure—organized religion. Though he used the word "origin" in the title, he was careful to discuss only how species developed from each other, not how life originated. And he simply avoided discussing humanity’s origins. Ultimately, pressure from both supporters and critics forced him to tackle that thorny issue in 1871’s The Descent Of Man; but Charles Darwin was never comfortable at the cutting edge of the social debate he helped engineer. The true roots of the challenge to divine creation extend 65 years prior to Darwin, back to 1795, when two men—a naturalist and a geologist—published stunning works. The naturalist was Erasmus Darwin, Charles Darwin’s grandfather, a brilliant intellectual in his own right. In The Laws Of Organic Life he suggested that population numbers drove competition for resources, that...
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...collecting data, formulating a hypothesis, and running a series of experiments. They will find out about the interplay between natural selection and sexual selection in this wild population of guppies. They will ultimately find out the effects on the guppy population and their color distribution depending on the predator that lives in their environment. Endler wondered how the trade-off between attracting mates and affecting predators affects the coloration in male guppies. In pools that had few predator species, male guppies tended to be brightly colored, whereas predators are causing guppy populations to become drabber. This occurs because the predators are preying on the most brightly colored individuals and eliminating them from the gene pool. Therefore, guppy populations are evolving to more closely match, or stand out from their environment. Endler hypothesized that intense predation caused natural selection in male guppies, favoring the trait of drab coloration. He further tested his hypothesis by transferring brightly colors guppies to a pool with many predators. As he predicted, over time the transplanted guppy population became less brightly colored. Females tend to look for the bright colored male guppies in the pool and mate with them. This enables those males to have a higher probability of passing their genes on to their next generation. In the simulation, predators can dramatically influence the evolution of a population of guppies, but change does not occur quickly...
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...Natural Science (INT1) Task 1 The Changing Nature Of Science Evolution Evolution :- All living beings have developed over time from ancestors through a series of changes. That life has changed over long periods of time, with all forms of life related to one another, is a scientifically well-established fact. There are two aspects of evolution today. First, evolution is the organizing principle for all of biology. Just as we are offspring from our parents, and our grandparents before them, and so on, all living organisms today are inclined from organisms that lived in the past. Understanding how and why these ancestor-descendent lineages have changed through time helps us appreciate the diversity of life we see today. Genetics, anatomy, physiology, neurology, morphology, and behavior all of these aspects of living organisms have evolved through time. The study of the evolutionary processes that produced these traits provides the comprehensive framework for understanding them. Theory Of Evolution Evolution Theory: - Evolution is technically defined as: "a gradual process in which something changes into a different and usually more complex or better form." As it is most famously used, "evolution" is the process by which an organism becomes more sophisticated over time and in response to its environment. The Theory of Evolution is currently the most popular concept of how life reached its current state. Evolution as a biological mechanism is driven by natural selection. This...
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...evidence to convince one side of the argument to the other. The term Darwinism is the theory that states we evolved by natural selection created and theorized by an English naturalist, geologist, and biologist named Charles Darwin. Darwin was born on the 12th of February in 1809, and is known for his contributions to the science of evolution. He even wrote a book about...
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...the time made immense influences on C.S. Lewis with the production of his book. After Charles Darwin and the rise of evolutionism, many theories of creation come up, which C.S. Lewis defends. As stated, when Lewis was younger and within his adolescent years he was a claimed atheist. Before his conversion to Christianity, C.S. Lewis considered many theories and ideas (Biography.com Editors). But after his conversion he realized that God was creator of all, and all the theories, like evolutionism, was something he wanted to defend, not support. Lewis states: “We must sharply distinguish between Evolution as a biological theorem and popular Evolutionism or Developmentalism which is certainly a Myth. [...] To the biologist Evolution […] covers more of the facts than any other hypothesis at present on the market and is therefore to be accepted unless, or until, some new supposal can be shown to cover still more facts with even fewer assumptions. […] It makes no cosmic statements, no metaphysical statements, no eschatological statements.” (Applegate)....
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...Biology is a natural science concerned with the study of life and living organisms, including their structure, function, growth, origin, evolution, distribution, and taxonomy.[1] Biology is a vast subject containing many subdivisions, topics, and disciplines. Among the most important topics are five unifying principles that can be said to be the fundamental axioms of modern biology:[2] 1. Cells are the basic unit of life 2. New species and inherited traits are the product of evolution 3. Genes are the basic unit of heredity 4. An organism regulates its internal environment to maintain a stable and constant condition 5. Living organisms consume and transform energy. Subdisciplines of biology are recognized on the basis of the scale at which organisms are studied and the methods used to study them: biochemistry examines the rudimentary chemistry of life; molecular biology studies the complex interactions of systems of biological molecules; cellular biology examines the basic building block of all life, the cell; physiology examines the physical and chemical functions of the tissues, organs, and organ systems of an organism; and ecology examines how various organisms interact and associate with their environment.[3] Contents [hide] * 1 History * 2 Foundations of modern biology * 2.1 Cell theory * 2.2 Evolution * 2.3 Genetics * 2.4 Homeostasis * 2.5 Energy * 3 Research * 3.1 Structural * 3.2 Physiological * 3.3...
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...Abstract Understanding evolution helps us solve biological problems that impact our lives. There are excellent examples of this in the field of medicine. To stay one step ahead of pathogenic diseases, researchers must understand the evolutionary patterns of disease-causing organisms. To control hereditary diseases in people, researchers study the evolutionary histories of the disease-causing genes. In these ways, knowledge of evolution can improve the quality of human life. Evolution played an important role not only for the present day humans but all living things today. As you all know, we didn’t just evolve out of nothing, we all have an ancestor whose ancestor’s ancestor is our ancestor and so on. When we can’t go back any further because of the given facts, we know that was every organism’s common ancestor. To understand the importance of evolution, we must gather some understanding of the meaning of evolution. Here is biological evolution defined by one of the most respected evolutionary biologists, Douglas Futuyma. "In the broadest sense, evolution is merely change, and so is all-pervasive; galaxies, languages, and political systems all evolve. Biological evolution ... is change in the properties of populations of organisms that transcend the lifetime of a single individual. The ontogeny of an individual is not considered evolution; individual organisms do not evolve. The changes in populations that are considered evolutionary are those that are inheritable via the...
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...mechanism of natural selection: Charles Darwin had proposed a different theory of evolution called natural selection. It is defined as a better adaption to the environment. With this definition, we focus on the traits that are passed down from parents to their offspring. These traits are known as hereditable traits. Certain heritable traits lead to an increase in successfully reproducing offspring. Though, not all of the traits they acquire will be useful for their certain environment. Thus, we incorporate the idea of use vs disuse. Many individuals will lose unused characteristics that they do not need to adapt to their environment to survive and develop ones that are more suitable. As more of the same trait is being disused, we do not see it in the newer generations. Natural selection may act on individuals but evolutionariy changes occur in a population. Describe and explain the scientific method: The scientific method is a set of guidelines to help one ask questions and test out a question on a specific topic or area of interest. In the scientific method, one must start out with a question directing their attention to a very narrow topic. The next thing one would do is a little research about what is already known and work from there. Constructing a hypothesis is the next step. A hypothesis is defined as a proposed explanation for a phenomenon or for a set of observations. To prove the hypothesis is right or wrong, one must conduct a series of tests/experiments and collect...
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...theory of biological evolution: an expanded synthesis Published online: 17 March 2004 Springer-Verlag 2004 Abstract In 1858, two naturalists, Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace, independently proposed natural selection as the basic mechanism responsible for the origin of new phenotypic variants and, ultimately, new species. A large body of evidence for this hypothesis was published in Darwin’s Origin of Species one year later, the appearance of which provoked other leading scientists like August Weismann to adopt and amplify Darwin’s perspective. Weismann’s neo-Darwinian theory of evolution was further elaborated, most notably in a series of books by Theodosius Dobzhansky, Ernst Mayr, Julian Huxley and others. In this article we first summarize the history of life on Earth and provide recent evidence demonstrating that Darwin’s dilemma (the apparent missing Precambrian record of life) has been resolved. Next, the historical development and structure of the “modern synthesis” is described within the context of the following topics: paleobiology and rates of evolution, mass extinctions and species selection, macroevolution and punctuated equilibrium, sexual reproduction and recombination, sexual selection and altruism, endosymbiosis and eukaryotic cell evolution, evolutionary developmental biology, phenotypic plasticity, epigenetic inheritance and molecular evolution, experimental bacterial evolution, and computer simulations (in silico evolution of digital organisms)...
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...A Biblical View of Science, Technology, and Business: Do Utilitarian’s Agree with These Biblical Views? Utilitarianism was originated by Epicurus in ancient Greece and is the doctrine that an action is right as long as it promotes happiness, usefulness, and overall pleasurableness. If the action inflicts pain than it is not seen as right. Many of these ideas adapted well with the all of the modernization and changes that were occurring in the technology, science, and business world during the eighteenth century. Although the idea’s did fit well there was one issue, the new Utilitarian views were clashing with one of the most respected religions teachings; the Bible. There are many differences between the Utilitarian point of view; compared to the Bible’s point of view. Let’s begin with Technology, the Bible does not discuss this topic very much throughout its readings. Technological advances in a sense do not seem necessary, seeing that God is provides and protects those who follow him. Throughout the reading of The Gospel According to Matthew an anti-materialistic approach is used; “contempt for even the necessities of life and the assurance that ‘God will provide’” (Newton, Source Reader, p. 61). For example, the young rich man in the reading asks God what good deed he can complete in order to receive eternal life. God first suggests to the man to follow the Ten Commandments, the man states that he has been following the Ten Commandments since he was a young boy. God...
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