...as shown on organization charts. ■ How an organization chart is structured showing the lines of authority. ■ The different types of organizational structures presently used by retailers. ■ The beginnings of organization structuring for large department stores and how they have changed to suit today’s companies. ■ Reasons why chain organizations conduct their businesses as centralized op- erations. ■ Why some chains have decentralized some of their functions. ■ Reasons for separating the buying and selling functions. Once the decision has been made to begin a retail venture, it is necessary to plan its organ- izational structure in a way that maximizes efficiency and profitability. All of the duties and responsibilities of those in the company must be identified, and lines of authority must be carefully delineated so that all members of the organization will understand what their job responsibilities are. By doing so, everyone knows who will report to whom, who the deci- sionmakers are, and which advisory personnel is on hand to assist in the decision-making process. No matter how large or small the operation, whether it is a major department store or single-unit boutique, each company must be structured in such a way that best serves its needs and makes the business a success. To clarify their organization’s structure so that all employees can understand it, most companies prepare a graphic presentation called an organization chart. The chart clearly spells out the various...
Words: 406 - Pages: 2
...conflict with in the group, the boundaries are showing mostly in strong opinions of personal contribution. In Norming stage the groups members began to push pass their differences and began to build upon each others strengths on composite for weaknesses. The performing stage which revolves around the groups ability to accomplish tasks without friction. Finally the Adjourning covers the lessons learned upon the completion of the teams goal. I believe that my team never made it out of the storming stages, and I believe the onset of this was partially to bad timing and scheduling. The Gantt Chart is a visual representation of a projects scheduling as well as tasks. The idea of the Gantt Chart was created by Henry Gantt in the earl parts of the prior century, this was created to schedule projects and provide maximum efficiency for project management. One of the many resends Gantt Charts are still used today is because they are visuals and provide a structured visual aid/presentation...
Words: 1014 - Pages: 5
...S.P.C. Statistical Process Control: GMS-401 F2013 In GMS-401 we study 2 types: 1. Inspection for variables —there is typically one dimension most indicative of QUALITY or lack of Quality of an item being studied for compliance to a Quality Standard. Here it is a dimension such as the contents of a jar of fruit jam, the size of a pair of shoes etc. These are called X-bar and R charts. One calculates X-bar-bar and R-bar averages and these are the centre lines of the SPC run-charts that will be drawn. The charts MUST have these centre lines PLUS upper and lower control AND range limits. The points on these graphs MUST be joined so that a reader can follow the level of quality versus centre lines and control limits over time and look for trends and potential out-of-control conditions. The data will be in a set of readings typically taken at say one-hour intervals. The number of readings taken each hour is the sample size–for example 4 jars of jam in the exercise book. The sample size of 4 is used in calculating the control limits and for determining the value of the statistical constants used in these calculations such as A2, D3,D4. The “number of samples” is 10 but the “sample size” is 4. The 10 samples will be plotted on a graph but the number 10 in this case is NOT used in the calculation of control limits when looking up the A2,D3, and D4 values. In this type of SPC BOTH graphs must be drawn and examined. If a SINGLE POINT on either graph exceeds the upper or...
Words: 1455 - Pages: 6
...Do you understand Gantt charts? Use Figure 6-11 and test your understanding by answering the following questions. a. When is the activity “convert data files” scheduled to begin and end? b. When is the activity “test computer software” scheduled to begin and end? c. How much time did it actually take the company to complete the task “Prepare the physical site location?” Was this more or less time than planned? d. How much time did it actually take the company to complete the task “Determine the functional changes in the system?” Was this more or less time than planned? e. Given what has happened so far, when can the activity “Acquire and install computer equipment” actually begin? f. Given what has happened so far, when can the activity “Select and assign personnel” actually begin? SOLUTION a. Activity G (“convert data files”) is scheduled to begin at the beginning of week 22 and end 6 weeks later (the end of week 28). b. Activity I (“test computer software”) is scheduled to begin at the beginning of week 28 and end 5 weeks later (the end of week 32). c. The Gantt chart shows that the actual time to complete activity A (“prepare the physical site”) was 11 weeks. This was less than the 17 weeks originally planned for it. d. The Gantt chart shows that the actual time to complete activity B (“determine the functional changes”) was 16 weeks. This was more than the 14 weeks originally planned for it. e. Activity E (“acquire and install computer equipment”)...
Words: 349 - Pages: 2
...Graphical & Tabular Descriptive Summaries Using the attached excel file, identify and discuss what makes a Crusty Pizza Company restaurant successful and conversely unsuccessful. Use the data for the 60 stores in worksheet “Case 1 and 2 data”. Use graphical and tabular descriptive statistics. Plan the analysis by using a combination of summaries that best allow you to achieve the Key Objective, such as: a. Tables (Frequency, percent frequency, contingency) for key variables as they pertain to success b. Charts: Bar, pie, histograms, line charts, scatter plots, etc., for exploring relationships as they pertain to success c. In all comparisons, comment on the results and interpret findings as they pertain to the Key Objective. Solution: Seating: The mean and median profit is high with seating option. Store Size: VL store size has maximum profit as compare to other store size. Liquor License: The store which is having Liquor License has more profit. We can see as the student population grows the monthly profit will also grow. Review in local newspaper: Review does not seem to be have impact on the profit because there does not seem to be any difference in the profit because mean is small for positive rating and median is high for positive rating. The pizza variety does not have any impact on the profit. Delivery option: The stores provides delivery option have high mean and median profit as compare to the store which does not provide any delivery...
Words: 273 - Pages: 2
...PowerPoint Charts & Diagrams CEO Pack ©Presentation-Process.com 750+ POWERPOINT CHARTS & DIAGRAMS CEO PACK Press Ctrl + F to find a particular term, and locate the folder and file name where you can find the specific diagram. A screenshot of all the diagrams are included to help you locate just what you need easily and quickly. Browsing through this set of creative diagrams can also inspire new ideas! CONTENTS (793 SLIDES + 156 ICONS = 949 ITEMS) Folder: Cause Effect diagram (38) ........................................................................................................................... 2 Folder: Circle diagram (21)...................................................................................................................................... 4 Folder: Consulting diagrams (83) ............................................................................................................................ 6 Folder: Extreme custom animation (15) ................................................................................................................ 10 Folder: PowerPoint 3D (51)................................................................................................................................... 11 Folder: PowerPoint charts (51) ............................................................................................................................. 14 Folder: PowerPoint concepts (84) ........................................
Words: 5723 - Pages: 23
...8.Chart Analysis I have designed a number of charts to represent Government satisfaction. I have chosen to colour them brightly so they will stand out and be easier to read. Government Satisfaction by Gender My first three charts are to display the results of table one. My first chart is a bar chart, it shows us Government satisfaction by gender. It tells us that a total of 10,000 people have taken part in the survey. There are 4,800 males and 5,200 females. It tells us more people are dissatisfied than satisfied with the government. It shows the females are a lot more satisfied than the males. My second chart is a pie chart. This is a diagram to represent the percentage of the males and females that are satisfied with the government. I have chosen the colours blue to represent the males and pink to represent the females. The largest component of the pie chart is the females at 79% . This equals to 3,000 of the total of 3,800 people that were satisfied with the government. The smallest component is the males at 21%. My third chart is also a pie chart. This is representing the opposite of the last pie chart, opposite being the percentage of the males and females that are dissatisfied with the government. The largest component on the chart showing dissatisfaction is the males at 65% .This equals to 4,000 of the 6,200 people that were dissatisfied. The smallest percentage is the females at 35%. Satisfaction Levels by Age Group These three charts will represent the...
Words: 607 - Pages: 3
...Sample Chart/Graph Paper (Marhar, 2011) The graph above is a bar graph. A bar graph is typically the easiest to visualize data quickly. A bar graph is characteristically used for qualitative information. The longer the bar is the higher the frequency of information for that bar. It is imperative to label clearly so that readers know what they are precisely looking at and do not have to make assumptions (Bennett, Briggs, & Triola, 2009). This graph depicts the strategies to prevent readmissions into the hospital. I do believe that this graph is an appropriate choice to depict the data used from the study. This is the best graph to use because it is easy to glance at the graph and retrieve the information. The spacing in the graph is portrayed evenly, the scale on the vertical axis is evenly spread out, and the graph is titled, which is extremely important. Another option to display this information could be a line graph. Although I believe this graph is the best type of graph to use, I do not believe that the graph was assembled as well as it could have been. The graph is confusing on that the axes are not labeled as well as they could be. For example, the vertical axis should be labeled “Percent of readmissions into the hospital” or “Percent of individuals who were not readmitted into the hospital”. I found that in the article the information was not very clear to depict what the graph was showing. There should be a caption underneath the graph to explain the details...
Words: 476 - Pages: 2
...www.ieltsbuddy.com - Free online IELTS Advice IELTS Writing Task 1 Sample - Pie Chart You should spend about 20 minutes on this task. The pie chart shows the amount of money that a children's charity located in the USA spent and received in one year. Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisons where relevant. Write at least 150 words. Revenue Sources and Expenditures of a USA Charity in one year. www.ieltsbuddy.com - Free online IELTS Advice www.ieltsbuddy.com - Free online IELTS Advice Model Answer The pie charts show the amount of revenue and expenditures over a year of a children’s charity in the USA. Overall, it can be seen that donated food accounted for the majority of the income, while program services accounted for the most expenditure. Total revenue sources just exceeded outgoings. In detail, donated food provided most of the revenue for the charity, at 86%. Similarly, with regard to expenditures, one category, program services, accounted for nearly all of the outgoings, at 95.8%. The other categories were much smaller. Community contributions, which were the second largest revenue source, brought in 10.4% of overall income, and this was followed by program revenue, at 2.2%. Investment income, government grants, and other income were very small sources of revenue, accounting for only 0.8% combined. There were only two other expenditure items, fundraising and management and general, accounting for 2.6%...
Words: 276 - Pages: 2
...Q1 (ANS). For 3 Processes: The total number of possible different schedules for 3 processes on one processor is: 3! == 6. Gantt Charts: 1. P1 | P2 | P3 | 2. P1 | P3 | P2 | 3. P2 | P1 | P3 | 4. P2 | P3 | P1 | 5. P3 | P1 | P2 | 6. P3 | P2 | P1 | General Formula: For “N” number of processes, the number of possible, different schedules will be N! I.e. N*N-1*N-2*….2*1 Q2 (ANS). (A). 1. SJF Gantt Chart: P4 | P3 | P5 | P1 | P2 | 2. Non Pre-emptive Priority: P2 | P5 | P1 | P3 | P4 | 3. Round Robin Gantt Chart with quantum 4: P1 | P2 | P3 | P4 | P5 | P1 | P2 | P3 | P4 | P5 | P1 | P2 | P3 | P5 | (B). Turnaround Time for all process, in all schedules: Process | SJF | Non Pre-emptive Priority | Round Robin | P1 | 35 | 31 | 41 | P2 | 47 | 12 | 45 | P3 | 16 | 40 | 46 | P4 | 7 | 47 | 35 | P5 | 25 | 21 | 47 | (C). Waiting time for all processes, in all schedules: Process | SJF | Non Pre-emptive Priority | Round Robin | P1 | 26 | 21 | 31 | P2 | 38 | 0 | 33 | P3 | 7 | 31 | 37 | P4 | 0 | 38 | 28 | P5 | 16 | 12 | 38 | (D).The waiting time is least in the SJF (Shortest Job First) scheduling. This is because the long-time taking jobs are pushed back and the shortest time taking jobs are done first. Q3 (ANS). (A). Waiting time for all in FCFS scheduling algorithm: 1. P1 = 0 2. P2 = 7.5 3. P3 = 11 Avg. Turnaround Time = (waiting Time + burst Time for n processes)/n Avg...
Words: 765 - Pages: 4
...Comparison Charts Kaplan University MT355-01: Marketing Research Chart 1: Net Sales Chart 1 is a line chart. Line charts are ideal for representing changes over a period of time using lines to connect the datat points (Icoachmath.com. 2014). Using a line chart, below is a representation of net sales for Seal-Tight Company that covers a span of five years. Dollar amounts representing the millions is listed on the left side of the chart staring at thirty million and ending on sixty million. Years are listed horizonally towards the bottom of the chart. The increase and decrease of net sales is streamlined in blue. Looking at the chart each year had an increase except for 2011 in which there was a decrese of two million dollars. Chart 2: Net Sales/Net Profits Comparison The next chart is representative of a bar chart or graph. According to Thomsonreuterslifesciences.com (n.d.), bar charts are used to condense “categorical data” using bars that are the same width, but differ in height which represent a different collection of data. Using a bar graph, Chart 2 represents a comparison of net sales versus net profits. Net sales is represented with a blue bar; while net profits is represented by an orange bar. Dollar amounts in millions are documented on the left side of the chart and years are horizontally listed on the bottom of the chart; again, showing a five year span. Chart 3: Expenses The chart below represents...
Words: 451 - Pages: 2
...ON AN IMPROVED FRACTION NONCONFORMING CONTROL CHART Jacob Alford, Graduate student, University of Alabama in Huntsville Abstract. In their article published in the April 2013 edition of Control Engineering Practice, Silvia Joekes and Emanuel Pimentel Barbosa present the use of a correction factor, the Cornish-Fisher quantile correction, to improve the fraction nonconforming control chart (p-chart) when dealing with high quality processes. Introduction. The use of the standard Shewhart control chart for the fraction of nonconforming parts will produce a type I error–signaling that the process is out of control when, in fact, it is still in control–with probability 0 = 0.0027. When dealing with a process with both high quality and a large yield, the control limits for the Shewhart p-chart based on the normal distribution will become tighter, leaving a greater chance of a false alarm signal occurring. This journal entry proposes a modified version of the p-chart based on the CornishFisher expansion, which allows monitoring processes with very low values of p. This new corrected p-chart is shown using one and two terms of correction. Shewhart p-chart basics. Shewhart control charts use 3 limits for both upper and lower control limits, i.e. 3 . The use of Shewhart control charts is commonplace due to their ease of use: the process will only ever signal in control or out of control. This type of pass/fail or conforming/nonconforming relationship is used for attributes data:...
Words: 1085 - Pages: 5
...The PERT Chart Program Managers often utilize tools such as, the Program Evaluation and Review Technique or PERT charts. PERT charts help managers with planning the schedule of projects that involve sequential activities. A PERT chart identifies the amount of time that is required to complete the activities in a project, and the order of the steps that occurs throughout the project. Each activity is assigned an earliest and latest start time and end time; activities with no slack time are said to lie along the critical path, this is the path that must stay on time for the project to stay on schedule (Ingram, 2013). One of the strengths that the PERT charts have is their ability to calculate exactly how long a project will take. They provide managers with a range of time in which the project should be completed, based on the total of all the minimum and maximum time limits for all of the activities. This gives companies a number of advantages, such as the ability to tell their customers exactly when their orders will be filled, or exactly when they should order new supplies. One weakness a PERT chart has is that it does not take into account the possibility of unexpected occurrences. The expected completion time of all subsequent activities and the project as a whole can get off track when things go wrong, which can cause problems if the company has made plans that rely on the timely completion of the project. Another weakness of PERT chart is that the technique relies...
Words: 1000 - Pages: 4
...An Intelligent Recommender E-Business for Export Oriented Coconut Industry Based on Web Mining and Radar Chart Zafira Kanara Email: z_kanara@yahoo.com Dr. Ir. Yandra Arkeman, M.Eng Email: yandra_ipb@yahoo.com Dr. Eng. Taufik Djatna,S.TP, M.Si. Email: taufikdjatna@ipb.ac.id Agroindustrial Technology Department, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Bogor Agricultural University, IPB, Darmaga Campus, PO BOX 220 Bogor, West Java, Indonesia. ABSTRACT E-business, such as coconut based industry, has changed the whole outlook of traditional trading behavior especially for export oriented. However, the massive product information provided by the Internet Merchants causes the problem of information overload and this will reduces the customer’s satisfaction and interest. To overcome this problem, a recommender system based on web mining and radar chart is proposed in this paper. In this study, clustering using K-Means method is used. Radar chart uses graphic displayed in a Web form to evaluate multiple alternatives based on multiple criteria. This work helps to categorize and evaluate the product quality of customer preference. The results of this study show that the proposed system is potentially to give sensible recommendations, and be able to help customers make decisions. This research aims to design a web based intelligent business systems (intelligent e-business) for coconut commodities through developing an online transaction system, recommendation, and customer services. Scope of...
Words: 6994 - Pages: 28
...How the National Offender Management Service works March 2012 Introduction Who we are Key functions Our structure How NOMS Works introduction who we are key functions our structure “ Our vision is that there will be fewer victims, and our “ communities will be safer NOMS was established in 2008 with a clear brief, to bring together the commissioning and provision of offender services in prison and in the community, ensuring best value for public money. So organisational change isn’t new to us; it’s part of what we are all about. But the reality now is that we are in a new world, with the double challenge of responding to the policy priorities of the Coalition Government and significantly reducing our costs by approximately 23 per cent by 2015. The rate of change and scale of challenge for both Prisons and Probation is unprecedented. To meet our objectives of protecting the public and reducing reoffending – we have reshaped and transformed the way we operate creating a leaner organisation focused on outcomes for the public. We have dismantled our old regional model, and our structure has been fundamentally reshaped to support HQ and Central Services front line delivery at much reduced cost. Perhaps most significantly, our new structure makes a clear distinction between the different functions of the Agency – commissioning services; delivering those services directly such as through HM Prison Service and national operational services such as licence recall and population...
Words: 3413 - Pages: 14
