... Abstract The atoms in a compound are held together by a chemical bond. There are two types of chemical bond: ionic and covalent bond. An ionic or electrovalent bond results from the electrostatic attraction between metal and non-metal atoms by the transfer of electrons. _____________________________________________________________________________________ Introduction The atoms in a compound are held together by a chemical bond. There are two types of chemical bond: ionic and covalent bond. An ionic or electrovalent bond results from the electrostatic attraction between metal and non-metal atoms by the transfer of electrons. One example is the formation of bond between a sodium metal atom and a chlorine non-metal atom [1]. In contrast, covalent bond involves the sharing of valence electrons between non-metal atoms. A covalent bond becomes polar when there is unequal sharing of bonding electrons. This happens when the elements involved in the bond has a significant difference in their electronegativity, such as in hydrochloric acid, HCl. Equal distribution of bonding electrons leads to the formation of a non-polar covalent bond. This happens when there is small or no difference in electronegativity between the atoms in a bond. Chlorine gas, Cl2, has a non-polar covalent bond. Electrical conductivity, the flow of electric current, can be used as a basis for determining the type of chemical bond present in a compound. An ionic compound, when dissolved in an aqueous...
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...Communication Networks: Formal vs. Informal Communication Communication skills are essential for everyone in the business organization whether it is for business executives, sales employees or even labor workers. An example would be how sales representatives of the company are required be eloquent and persuasive speakers in order for them to be able to sell the products or how labor workers in the chemical factory also need to communicate effectively in order to avoid delay in production or conflicts or how business executives are able to convey their visions and delegate tasks to their subordinates. However, to reach optimal effectiveness in communication, simply having leaders or employees with good communication skills are not sufficient for business to succeed as it only accounts for small degree of communication effectiveness. Organization needs to develop effective communication networks for employers and employees to communicate throughout the organization structure. To be more specific, it is how organization improves the communication flow within and across each business departments. Communication networks are categorized into two categories: Formal and Informal Communication Networks. However the question remains whether which types of communication networks are more effective. Formal Communication The best way to describe formal communication networks is what is known as organizational chart. It is simply a system designed by management to dictate how communication...
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...[pic] Official TCC Course Syllabus |Discipline Prefix: CHM |Course Number: 111 |Course Title: College Chemistry I | | |Course Section: D04B | | |Credit Hours: 4 |Lecture Hours: 3 |Clinical Hours: |Lab Hours: 3 | |Contact Hours: 6 |Studio Hours: N/A |Semester: Fall | |Meeting Days/Time/Location: Fridays/1:30pm-4:20pm/Science Building | Instructor Information Name: Dr. Shahin Maaref Office Location: JD-30 Office Hours: TRF 9:00am-11:00am, TR 4:30pm-5:30pm & by appointment Contact Information: 822-7692 Blackboard site: http://learn.vccs.edu Instructor email address: smaaref@tcc.edu Course Information Course Description Explores the fundamental laws, theories, and mathematical concepts of chemistry. Designed primarily for science and engineering majors. Requires a strong background in mathematics. Part I of II. Prerequisites and/or Co-requisites Prequisites - None Corequisites – None It is recommended to have H.S. chemistry or CHM01 as prerequisites and MTH 03 or MTE 06 level or higher. ...
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...DHAKA STOCK EXCHANGE Introduction to DSE The Necessity Of Establishing A Stock Exchange In The Then East Pakistan Was First Decided By The Government When, Early In 1952.It Was Learnt That The Calcutta Stock Exchange Had Prohibited The Transactions In Pakistani Shares And Securities. The Provincial Industrial Advisory Council Soon Thereafter Set Up An Organizing Committee For The Formation Of A Stock Exchange In East Pakistan. A Decisive Step Was Taken The Second Meeting Of The Organizing Committee Held On The 13th March ,1953. In The Cabinet Room, Eden Building ,Under The Chairmanship Of Mr. A . Khaleeli, Secretary Government Of East Bengal , Commerce, Labor And Industries Department At Which Various Aspects Of The Issue Were Discussed In Detail. The Then Central Governments Proposal Regarding The Karachi Stock Exchange Opening A Branch At Dhaka. , Did Not Find Favour With The Meeting Who Felt That East Pakistan Should Have An Independent Stock Exchange . It Was Suggested That Dhaka Narayanganj Chamber Of Commerce & Industry Should Approach Its Members For Parchase Of Membership Cards At RS.2000 Each For The Proposed Stock Exchange. The Location Of The Exchange It Was Thought Should Be Either Dhaka Narayanganj Or Chittagong . An Organizing Committee Was Appointed Consisting Of Leading Commercial And Industrial Personalities Of The Province With Mr. Mehdi Ispahani As The Convener In Order To Organize The Exchange. The Chamber Informed Its Members And Members Of Its Affiliated...
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...Certificate/Diploma Applied Science (Laboratory and Industrial Science) Applied Science (Medical Science) Integrated Vocational Assignment CASE STUDY 2- Johnson Matthey (Catalysts and Chemicals) Unit 3: Workplace practices This case study has been prepared by Mr. M. Hooper & Ms P. Hooper with the co-operation of Johnson Matthey (Catalysts and Chemicals) for the use of learners completing the IVA for the NQF Level 3 BTEC Nationals in Applied Science. Prepared by M. Hooper & P. Hooper. March 2005 The following materials have been authorised for use by students in this context, by Johnson Matthey. Some data is not current, and some is adapted to give a working document to allow completion of the assignment, To complete the assignment students must have access to detailed information about a company. This is often difficult to obtain, and the following information will provide exemplar material for the completion of the IVA. The information is based on the British Company – Johnson Matthey, one of the leading speciality chemicals companies in the world specialising in Catalysts, Precious Metals and Speciality chemicals. Johnson Matthey is a large multi-national company. There is a lot of information available on the various web-sites. The website reflect the divisional nature of the company. These notes will summarise...
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...cover-ups and massive oil spills from British Petroleum’s offshore drilling rig explosion in the Gulf of Mexico seem to be in the press daily. For example, Citicorp lost billions in market value when it was revealed that a group of traders in the firm’s London office had manipulated the bond market: A small set of traders disrupted the European bond market by placing 188 sell orders simultaneously (approximately $20 billion worth of bonds) on August 2, 2004 in about 18 seconds. This drove the price of bonds, in general, down dramatically. The prices continued to drop even after the Citibank traders stopped selling. Just a few minutes later, the same traders then bought the bonds back at much cheaper prices than they had been sold. This new buying triggered buying by other traders, and prices rose. In the process, Citibank traders made about $20 million in profits in under five minutes. Although the employees did not do anything illegal, their behavior was deemed unethical. In the end, Citicorp paid a $28 million fine to the Financial Service Authority for “failing to conduct its business with due skill, care and diligence, and failing to exercise proper controls over the London bond trading team.”1 Individual or corporate decisions that are judged to be wrong, either ethically or legally, can not only hurt those directly affected by...
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...Capital Market: Fraudulent Practice January 07, 2012 Barrister M. Zillur Rahman Lecturer Institute of Business Administration University of Dhaka Dear Sir: Subject: Submission of the term paper “An overview of Bangladesh Capital Market: Fraudulent Practice.” We are pleased to present you our term paper “An overview of Bangladesh Capital Market: Fraudulent Practice.” We have extensively enjoyed working on this topic. It has been a very interesting and informative experience for us. While working on this report we have learnt about capital market in Bangladesh. Due to the fraudulence practice in Bangladesh capital market several people has suffered a great loss. We believe this through study on the capital market of Bangladesh will help us immensely in our future life when we will involved more with our capital market. We hope our effort will meet the level of your expectations. Your guidelines and advice have been very effective and helped us a lot to complete our report. In case of any further query, please feel free to contact us. We will be available anytime at your convenience. Sincerely, ii An overview of Bangladesh Capital Market: Fraudulent Practice Ashraful Islam Dipankar Ghosh Table of Contents Table of Contents.....................................................................................................................iii Executive...
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...Chile Compared to the United States United States Chile Location: Southern South America, bordering the South Pacific Ocean, between Argentina and Peru. Total Land: 756,102 sq. km Coastline: 6,435 km Terrain: Low coastal mountains; fertile central valley; rugged Andes in east Climate: Temperate; desert in north; Mediterranean in central region; cool and damp in south. Border Countries: Argentina 5,308 km, Bolivia 860 km, Peru 171 km Notes: * the longest north-south trending country in the world. * Atacama Desert - the driest desert in the world - spreads across the northern part of the country. * The crater lake of Ojos del Salado is the world's highest lake (at 6,390 m). Natural Advantages: Natural Disadvantages: Severe earthquakes; Active volcanism; Tsunamis * Volcanism - significant volcanic activity due to more than three-dozen active volcanoes along the Andes Mountains; Lascar (elev. 5,592 m), which last erupted in 2007, is the most active volcano in the northern Chilean Andes; Llaima (elev. 3,125 m) in central Chile, which last erupted in 2009, is another of the country's most active; Chaiten's 2008 eruption forced major evacuations. Population Ethnicity * Total Population: 17, 067,369 (July ’12 est.) Religion Age Structure Notes * Literacy Rate: 95.7% * Average Life Expectancy:...
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...ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES IN BUSINESS Name: Institution: Instructor: Introduction Environmental management refers to the process of dealing with various environmental issues that arise from an organization’s operations. Environmental management includes all the technologies and activities essential in controlling the environmental performance of an organization. Environmental management systems (EMS) refers to the comprehensive management strategies organizations apply in responding to environmental issues through the integration of environment-conscious thinking in all business management aspects and operating systems. The environmental management systems focus on ensuring that organizations manage various environmental impacts associated with their activities. Environmental management systems are critical components of organizations alongside strategic planning, public relations productivity, and product quality. Environmental management systems are critical in the marketplace success of various organizations since consumers are attracted to businesses that focus on sustainable development and environmental integrity issues. The ISO 14000 family of international certifications provide guidelines about different environmental management issues and they are the benchmarks used by many multinational companies in evaluating their environmental activities (Rondinelli and Vastag 2000). For instance, the ISO 14001 certification provides the conditions of developing environmental...
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...Academic assistance is the defined as an activity for teaching available for students in all subjects including science, mathematics, management, business studies, business and law and information technology. In the academic assistance, all subject related helps is being provided to the students to meet specific subject related queries. It is defined as a tutoring practice, which provides support to the students in solving particular subject related queries. Apart from this, this makes the learning process easy for the students through providing ready to learn or tailor made notes and helps in solving specific subject problems. Basically, academic assistance is the new method of tutoring by a large number of institutions to facilitate the students in their studies. Academic assistance encompasses all types of subjects from English to Management. In the academic content development, a number of subjects such as business studies, marketing, accounting and financial management, operations management, qualitative techniques, history, science, statistics, dissertation and its proposal development, human resources and organizational behaviour are covered. In pertinent to the given subjects, academic assistance is a kind of help provided to the students in developing particular topic related subjects content. Academic assistance is not only limited to provide a notes specific to subjects, but also it covers a full helps in completing the project steps such as authentic data collection...
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... SCHATZEL The Lumen and Absorb Teams at Crutchfield Chemical Engineering Realizing that his next appointment would be starting momentarily, Paul Burke hurriedly attempted to tidy up his somewhat chaotic desk. The meeting was going to include discussion of some troubling data he had recently received, and he wanted space for spreading out and making notations on the charts. It was April 2003, and Burke was in his sixth year as director of the Polymers Department in the Corporate Technology Development (CTD) division of Crutchfield Chemical Engineering (CCE), a large, international chemicals and fibers manufacturer. CCE was in the last stages of a companywide downsizing that had resulted in an 18% reduction in force over the past six months. At 52, Burke had seen a number of prior downsizings and other organizational upheavals in his years at CCE and other firms in the industry. He was well aware that, following such changes, employee morale and performance often suffered initially but soon rebounded. However, a recent Human Resources (HR) survey and his own observations had led him to become particularly concerned about drastic differences among his five research and development (R&D) teams in both motivation levels and performance. Wishing to reverse what seemed to be a dangerous trend, he had engaged organizational psychologist Joanna McKinty, an external consultant, to study his department and report back on what might be accounting for the differences—and...
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...Organizational Theory: Determinants of Structure -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- The objective here is to understand why organizations have the structure that they do. By "structure" I mean things like degree and type of horizontal differentiation, vertical differentiation, mechanisms of coordination and control, formalization, and centralization of power. See handouts page for more information on organizational structure. According to Taylor, Fayol, Weber and other classical theorists, there is a single best way for organization to be structured. Yet organizations vary considerably on structural attributes. The objective of much research has been to understand what determines these variations. Is it random or systematic? Are some organizations simply less perfect than others, or are different designs better for different situations? Contingency Theory In contrast to the classical scholars, most theorists today believe that there is no one best way to organize. What is important is that there be a fit between the organization's structure, its size, its technology, and the requirements of its environment. This perspective is known as "contingency theory" and contrasts with the perspective of classical theorists like Weber, Taylor, Fayol, etc. who thought that there probably was one way to run organizations that was the best. Size This refers to capacity, number of personnel, outputs (customers, sales), resources...
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...Doing Business in Japan The U.S. Commercial Service provides guidance on doing business in Japan and offers valuable assistance to help U.S. businesses exporting to Japan. Why doing business in Japan? As the world’s fourth-largest buyer of American products, Japan is a market that American companies should not overlook, but approach with a thoughtful strategy. Japan is a technology powerhouse, a “proving ground” for consumer requirements, and stands in the vanguard with respect to the sweeping changes recently seen in developed market demographics. Most U.S. state economic development agencies are also well aware of the important foreign direct investment coming into their communities from Japan. While the reasons U.S. firms engage with Japan are diverse, savvy firms recognize that underestimating the strategic and tactical importance of the Japanese market may disadvantage them not only in Japan, but in the United States and third-country markets as well. Japan is back in the business news headlines in 2013, owing in part to a rising stock market, a sharply lower yen, and stirrings of domestic demand for both personal consumption and capital investment. The new economic policy linked to these developments is known as “Abenomics”-- a three pronged strategy of bold monetary loosening, fiscal stimulus centered on infrastructure spending, and growth-oriented structural reform. While the implications and ultimate success of this strategy in reigniting growth in Japan are far...
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...Procedure for Clearance of Imported and Export Goods I. Import: Bill of Entry – Cargo Declaration: Goods imported in a vessel/aircraft attract customs duty and unless these are not meant for customs clearance at the port/airport of arrival by particular vessel/aircraft and are intended for transit by the same vessel/aircraft or transshipment to another customs station or to any place outside India, detailed customs clearance formalities of the landed goods have to be followed by the importers. In regard to the transit goods, so long as these are mentioned in import report/IGM for transit to any place outside India, Customs allows transit without payment of duty. Similarly for goods brought in by particular vessel aircraft for transshipment to another customs station detailed customs clearance formalities at the port/airport of landing are not prescribed and simple transshipment procedure has to be followed by the carrier and the concerned agencies. The customs clearance formalities have to be complied with by the importer after arrival of the goods at the other customs station. There could also be cases of transshipment of the goods after unloading to a port outside India. Here also simpler procedure for transshipment has been prescribed by regulations, and no duty is required to be paid. (Sections 52 to 56 of the Customs are relevant in this regard). 2. For other goods, which are offloaded importers, have the option to clear the goods for home consumption after...
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...The Organizational Process: Organizing, like planning, must be a carefully worked out and applied process. This process involves determining what work is needed to accomplish the goal, assigning those tasks to individuals, and arranging those individuals in a decision-making framework (organizational structure). The end result of the organizing process is an organization — a whole consisting of unified parts acting in harmony to execute tasks to achieve goals, both effectively and efficiently. A properly implemented organizing process should result in a work environment where all team members are aware of their responsibilities. If the organizing process is not conducted well, the results may yield confusion, frustration, loss of efficiency, and limited effectiveness. In general, the organizational process consists of five steps (a flowchart of these steps is shown in Figure 1 ): [pic] The organizational process. 1 • Review plans and objectives. Objectives are the specific activities that must be completed to achieve goals. Plans shape the activities needed to reach those goals. Managers must examine plans initially and continue to do so as plans change and new goals are developed. 2 • Determine the work activities necessary to accomplish objectives. Although this task may seem overwhelming to some managers, it doesn't need to be. Managers simply list and analyze all the tasks that need to be accomplished...
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