...Premiere 2nd Quarter / SY 2012-2013 Engr. Josephine A. Ng Instructor CHM142L / B21 Novhanda, Michelle Group No. 6 Experiment No. 1 MELTING POINT AND BOILING POINT OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS ABSTRACT One of the methods to identify an organic compound is by determining its physical properties. In this experiment, we will only looking for their melting point and boiling point on the effects of the chemical structures. Melting point is defined as the temperature at a specific pressure which the solid and liquid phases are in equilibrium with each other. The boiling point is used to characterize a new organic liquid and knowledge of the boiling point helps to compare one organic compound to another, as in identifying unknown organic compound. The purpose of this experiment is to determine the effects of: intermolecular forces of attraction and geometric isomerism in the melting point of compounds; purity on the melting point range of organic compounds; intermolecular forces of attraction and branching on the boiling point of organic compounds. To do the experiment, Thomas Hoover apparatus is used for determine the melting point and micro test for the boiling point. Salicylic acid has the highest melting point between the rest of the sample with 152.5-157.1°C range and naphthalene has melted fastest as it melted at 75.8-80.6°C for the first part of the melting point experiment. The melting point of fumaric acid is between 278-286°C which is higher than Maleic acid with...
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...A hybird / digital software package for the solution of chemical kinetic parameter identification problems by ALAN M. CARLSON Electronic Associates, Inc. Princeton, New Jersey INTRODUCTION The modern hybrid computer offers many significant improvements over first generation hybrid systems These improvements include: 1. The increased speed of digital computers en- abling programs to be written in hybrid FORTRAN without drastically limiting hybrid solution rates. 2. The development of analog/hybrid software (e.g., hybrid simulation languages and analog set-up programs). The net result of these improvements has been an increase in the SCope and complexity of hybrid applications and a reduction in the effort required to program and debug hybrid problems. Unfortunately, the dev'elopment of hybrid applications software has not kept pace with recent hybrid improvements. Applications software for purposes of this discussion is defined as an integrated set of digital/hybrid programs capable of solving the majority of frequently occurring problems in a specific applications area. Based on this definition, little or no tangible information is currently available on the practicality of developing hybrid software packages although its benefits are obvious. In mid-1968, EAT's Princeton Computation Center initiated a development project to· determine the feasibility of hybrid applications software. The objectives of the project were to select a frequently occurring 733 application...
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...HERNANDEZ, LEIN AIRA M. Registered Chemical Engineer License No.: 0029716 Blk 5 Lot 4 Hinch Ville Subd., Sta. Rita, Batangas City E-mail Address: leinairahernandez@yahoo.com Mobile Number: +639274234275 CAREER OBJECTIVE | To have great opportunity of a challenging position with progressive company that will enhance my knowledge and skills in Chemical Engineering and implement them through procedures, activities, and techniques to meet goals. PERSONAL INFORMATION | Gender : Female Date of Birth : August 20, 1991 Place of Birth : Batangas City Status : Single Citizenship : Filipino Height : 5’0” Weight : 54 kg Religion : Roman Catholic EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND | TERTIARY : BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY (BatStae-U) Neptune Rd, Golden Country Homes Subd., Alangilan, Batangas City Bachelor of Science in Chemical Engineering 2008-2013 Thesis: Design and Development of Simultaneous Saccharification Fermentation – Distillation Apparatus SECONDARY : STA. TERESA COLLEGE Kapt. Ponso St., Bauan, Batangas 2004-2008 ELEMENTARY : ST. BRIDGET COLLEGE M.H Del Pilar St., Batangas City 1998-2004 PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE | * Nestle Philippines Inc. (Lipa Factory) Quality Assurance Analyst II August 2014-Present * Provide coverage for sensory...
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...[pic] “To Study the Current Market Scenario and the Future Prospect of Leather Chemical Industry of Bangladesh” Internship Report Submitted To: MR. AZMAL HOSSAIN Executive Director ACI Trading Limited. Submitted By: Mohammad Tawhid Reaz Internee, ACI Trading Limited. [pic] A D V A N C E D C H E M I C A L I N D U S T R I S L I M I T E D 245, Tejgaon Industries Area, Dhaka- 1208. Date: 25 June, 2006. June 24, 2006 Mr. Golam Mohammed Chowdhury Chairman Internship & Placement Office Institute of Business Administration University of Dhaka Dhaka-1000 Dear Sir: Subject: Internship Report on “To study the current market scenario and the future prospect of the leather chemical industry of Bangladesh”. It is my pleasure to present this Report on “To study the current market scenario and the future prospect of the leather chemical industry of Bangladesh” as a requirement for completing my Masters in Business Administration with concentration in Marketing. The report presents my findings and analyses on the Leather chemical industry of Bangladesh and the project I worked on for the last 10 weeks in ACI Trading Limited. I am grateful to you and my supervisors; Mr. Mustaque Ahmed, Assistant Professor, IBA and Dr. Azmal Hussain, Executive Director, ACI Trading Limited, for giving me the opportunity to carry out this report. With kind regards Sincerely yours, Mohammad Tawhid Reaz Roll 037 ...
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...GRAIN BASED DISTILLERY OPERATION : 86 KLPD WATER BALANCE ALL FIGURES IN METRIC TONNES (MT) INPUTS PROCESS WATER IN LIQN BOILER FEED WATER DM WATER for DISTILLATION SOFT WATER for COOLING TOWER DM WATER BLENDING RW for BOTTLE WASHING SOFT WATER DISTILLATION SOFT WATER PUMPS SEALING FERMENTER WASHING FLOOR WASHING DOMESTIC CONSUMPTION OUTPUTS 473 533 659 774 50 65 129 129 22 20 5 MT MT MT MT MT MT MT MT MT MT 2860 RECYLCE STREAMS STEAM CONDENSATE THIN SLOPS R/E to DISTILLATION PR LEES TO FERMETATION STEAM CONDENSATE SPENT LEES PR SPENT LEES RECTIFER SPENT WASH (GRAIN SLOPS) WATER IN PRODUCT CASES WATER IN BY PRODUCT BOTTLE WASHING CT EVAPORATION & DRIFT LOSSES PUMP SEALING PROCESS CONDENSATE MT BOILER BLOWDOWN DM & SOFT WATER REGENERATION MT 420 112 659 137 MT MT MT MT 50 155 65 774 129 322 16 22 2860 MT MT MT MT MT MT MT MT MT ` 420 137 573 22 BOTTLE WAHING PUMP SEALING Total Recycling /Re-utilisations of water per day 50 129 1331 MT MT MT MT MT MT MT MT TOTAL FRESH WATER INPUT 1163 WASTE STREAMS FOR TREATMENT PROCESS CONDENSATE 322 COOLING TOWER BLOWDOWN 93 BOILER BLOW DOWN 16 DM & SOFT WATER REGENERATION 22 FLOOR WASHING 20 BOTTLE WASHING 15 PRC LEES 69 TOTAL WASTE STREAMS FOR TREATMENT 488 REUSE WASTE STREAMS AFTER TREATMENT 366 WATER FOR GREEN BELT 122 MT MT MT MT MT MT MT MT MT NOTE : FIGURES GIVEN ABOVE ARE ONLY INDICATIVE AND SHALL VARY BASED ON GRAIN CHARACTERISTICS AND OVERALL PLANT OPERATING PARAMETERS...
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...CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM Equilibrium occurs when the rate of the forward reaction is equal to the rate of reverse reaction. Concentration of the reactants and the products remain the same. Dynamic equilibrium occurs when the processes do not stop and forward and reverse reactions still continue in both directions at the same rate. A homogeneous reaction is a reaction wherein all the reactants and products are in the same phase e.g. all are gases. A heterogeneous reaction is a reaction wherein all the reactants and products are not in the same phase. If there is no interaction between the system and its surroundings, i.e., a system from which no substances in the reaction can escape, we say it is a closed system. Calculation of the substance amount and concentration at equilibrium We can determine the concentration of the substance by dividing the number of mol of the substance at that stage of the reaction by the volume of the container in dm3, i.e.: c= n/V where c or [ ] = concentration of the substance in mol.dm-3 n = number of mol of the substance V = volume of the container in dm3 It is handy to use a table to determine these values. Example 1 A mixture of 5 mol H2(g) and 6 mol I2(g) are placed in a sealed container of 2 dm3 at a temperature of 4580C. The balanced chemical equation for the reaction is: Equilibrium is reached after a certain time. At equilibrium there is 4mol HI(g) in the container. Calculate the concentrations...
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...------------------------------------------------- Abstract The atoms in a compound are held together by a chemical bond. There are two types of chemical bond: ionic and covalent bond. An ionic or electrovalent bond results from the electrostatic attraction between metal and non-metal atoms by the transfer of electrons. _____________________________________________________________________________________ Introduction The atoms in a compound are held together by a chemical bond. There are two types of chemical bond: ionic and covalent bond. An ionic or electrovalent bond results from the electrostatic attraction between metal and non-metal atoms by the transfer of electrons. One example is the formation of bond between a sodium metal atom and a chlorine non-metal atom [1]. In contrast, covalent bond involves the sharing of valence electrons between non-metal atoms. A covalent bond becomes polar when there is unequal sharing of bonding electrons. This happens when the elements involved in the bond has a significant difference in their electronegativity, such as in hydrochloric acid, HCl. Equal distribution of bonding electrons leads to the formation of a non-polar covalent bond. This happens when there is small or no difference in electronegativity between the atoms in a bond. Chlorine gas, Cl2, has a non-polar covalent bond. Electrical conductivity, the flow of electric current, can be used as a basis for determining the type of chemical bond present in a compound. An ionic compound, when dissolved in an...
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...The difference between a mixture and a compound is that a mixture is a substance made by mixing other substances together. Most of the time two or more substances that are chemically united and they do not exist in fixed proportions of each other. Unlike a compound a mixture can be physically separated into pure compounds or elements. For example a cake is made up of different substances that are mixed together that are separated. A compound on the other hand is just the opposite of a mixture. A compound has a constant composition with fixed ratio of elements. It can have properties different from its constituents as a new substance is formed when they are chemically combined. The difference is that a compound can only be separated by chemical methods. That is like taking platinum and gold and melting them both down together. You get platinum gold which is a mixture of two elements combined together. 2. Suppose that you have a pure substance. How can you tell whether it is a compound or an element? You can tell the difference because a compound is a mixture of two or more elements. An element on the other hand is a single thing. It is actually divided into pure substances and mixtures. When we have two or more things that are not chemically combined that is called a mixture. They can be divided into homogeneous, like the particles that are throughout milk or heterogeneous, in which we can tell it is mixed like sand and salt. A pure substance on the other hand is when...
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...heard about a company named BASF before, I was worried about writing a research paper about it. However, when I visited its website, my worries disappeared, because the website had lots of valuable information that informs me about what they did in the past and what they plan to do in the future. The BASF is a chemical company that was established in 1865 in Germany. The company name, BASF, stands for Badische Anilin- und Soda-Fabrik (Baden Aniline and Soda Factory). The company has more than 140 years of history and has gone through dramatic changes, which has lead to it becoming a universal modern company. According to its website, there are more than 110,000 employees and 385 production sites all over the world, and its goal is to be a “world’s leading chemical company.” The BASF produces various chemical related products, and these are six main product categories: chemicals, plastics, performance products, functional solutions, agricultural solutions and oil & gas. A few of its competitors are Bayer AG, Dow Chemical and TOTAL. Those companies have similar business products as BASF; however, BASF seems to be the only company that does everything, from chemical related to products to oil & gas. Therefore, the BASF is pretty competitive. By doing some research about this company, I was able to find many attractions that would make students want to work for the company. First, it is a world-wide company that one can work in different regions including Europe, North America...
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...CHEMICAL BONDS Chemical Bonds I. Introduction Chemical compounds are formed by the joining of two or more atoms. A stable compound occurs when the total energy of the combination has lower energy than the separated atoms. The bound state implies a net attractive force between the atoms called a chemical bond. The two extreme cases of chemical bonds are the covalent bonds and ionic bonds. Covalent bonds are bonds in which one or more pairs of electrons are shared by two atoms. Covalent bonds, in which the sharing of the electron pair is unequal, with the electrons spending more time around the more non-metallic atom, are called polar covalent bonds. In such a bond there is a charge separation with one atom being slightly more positive and the other more negative, i.e., the bond will produce a dipole moment. On the other hand, Ionic bonds are bonds in which one or more electrons from one atom are removed and attached to another atom, resulting in positive and negative ions which attract each other. In the extreme case where one or more atoms lose electrons and other atoms gain them in order to produce a noble gas electron configuration, the bond is called an ionic bond. Covalent bonding is a form of chemical bonding between two non-metallic atoms which is characterized by the sharing of pairs of electrons between atoms and other covalent bonds. Ionic bond, also known as electrovalent bond is a type of bond formed from the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged...
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...com/019189_human_medical_experimentation_ethics.html#ixzz2PRSCAji3http://www.naturalnews.com/019189_human_medical_experimentation_ethics.htmlThese stories must be heard because human experimentation is still going on today. The reasons behind the experiments may be different, but the usual human guinea pigs are still the same -- members of minority groups, the poor and the disadvantaged. These are the lives that were put on the line in the name of "scientific" medicine. Learn more: http://www.naturalnews.com/019189_human_medical_experimentation_ethics.html#ixzz2PRUouzlLAs you read through these science experiments, you'll learn the stories of newborns injected with radioactive substances, mentally ill people placed in giant refrigerators, military personnel exposed to chemical weapons by the very government they served and mentally challenged children being purposely infected with hepatitis. These stories are facts, not fiction: Each account, no matter how...
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...Polarity Management of Cost and Quality Dustin Klinger Kaplan University Polarity Management of Cost and Quality Polarities are interdependent pairs that support a common purpose yet tend to be contradictory of one other (Polarity Partnerships, para. 1). Some examples of polarities include: stability and change, individual and team, long and short term, autocratic and participatory and my topic, cost and quality. Any of these pairs are known to counter the other. In my case, it is important to note that when quality improves, cost generally increases and vice versa. Throughout this paper I will discuss managerial approaches to utilize these two concepts to your advantage without ever overlooking either of them. It is important to embrace the fact that there are polarities everywhere we turn and instead of trying to fight against them, we should develop their concepts to make us more complete. Larry Hirschhorn has argued that in order for managers to become proficient in managing polarities, they must develop a set of “rules of thumb” for when they encounter different circumstances. They establish these rules with the hopes of somewhat standardizing their way of thinking as well as how to allocate resources for each instance. The guidelines are generally developed to recognize patterns and opportunities. Hirschhorn recommends managers create a 2 x 2 table to help illustrate this concept and to categorize its different states. Each axis would include a “hi” and...
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...Honors Chemistry Chapter 2 Success Sheet This success sheet is filled with questions and prompts that will guide you as you prepare for the Chapter 2 test. Write your answers to each question on a separate sheet of paper. Chapter 2 – Activity 1 1. What is a pure substance? 2. Explain the difference between an element and a compound. 3. How can a mixture of salt, sand, and iron filings be separated? 4. What kind of separation is needed to change a compound into its elements? 5. What do the subscripts mean in a chemical formula? Chapter 2 – Activity 2 6. Explain what happens to the energy of particles as a substance is heated form a solid to a liquid to a gas. 7. Explain what happens to the temperature of particles as a substance is heated from solid to liquid to gas. 8. What happens to the volume of a gas as it is heated? 9. Explain why dry ice sublimates at room temperature. What is the identity of the white vapor that is observed? 10. Draw a heating curve for water and label the following: solid, liquid, gas (vapor), melting, freezing, vaporization, condensation. 11. Explain sublimation and deposition. Chapter 2 – Activity 3 12. What is a solution? Name at least 3 properties of a solution. 13. What is a suspension? Name at least 3 properties of a solution. 14. What is a colloid? Name at least 3 properties of a solution. 15. How can a suspension be separated? 16. Give an example of a solution, a suspension, and a colloid...
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...About Syria attack, President Obama is attempting to employ U.S. military to act against Syria. And there is some of my point of view about this incident. * Three affective tactics to persuade people of the USA and other country about attacking Syria. 1. On the summit of the Group of 20 (G20), Obama tried to persuade the leader of those countries to interfere the Syria war by telling them the people of Syria is suffering from the Sarin ( the poison gas) if they don’t stop the government force there. Some of the country, like France, is showing their support toward U.S. intervention. There were ten countries signed up to the call for a strong international response with U.S. that they want the president of Syria to stop using chemical weapons. 2. Showing the video about how the people of Syria are suffering from the Sarin to the Congress. And some of the congressman took the advice and try to care about the human right in Syria. 3. He seeks the permission from the US Congress and attempts to show the respect to people. Consequently, he didn’t establish any military moves toward Syria now. "I was elected to end wars and not start them" he said. It seems persuasive to me. * One thing that he didn’t to but I think it’s affective Tell the American what is worthy this time when the United States interfere the war of Syria. Every time U.S. interferes some war that is not in the USA, people died because of “the world peace”? And it also cost a bunch of...
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...IRAC Brief: JP Morgan Chase Settles the London Whale This is a case study analysis of a current legal case regarding the governance principles of regulatory compliance and the methods used to manage risk arising. The briefing of this case will utilize the IRAC method of case analysis to give a breakdown on the case of JP Morgan Chase on regulatory violations and risk management. The IRAC method will address I - Issue, R - Rule, A - Analysis, and C - Conclusion which will provide a researched assessment of the trading loss violations on this case. Please read and review this analysis of the case utilizing IRAC method of case analysis. Issue JP Morgan Chase permitted traders in its London office to allocate magnified values to transactions and cover up huge losses as they continued to explode. Two traders could face criminal charges for fabricating records to cover up losses. JP Morgan’s charge to the $6 billion oversight in trading loss is the first for a main company since the Securities and Exchange Commission revised its practice of letting firms pay fines without admitting fault. An admission by JPMorgan could provide a pattern for pursuing other admissions in Wall Street cases. The Justice Department is aggressive in getting JPMorgan to admit that from 2005 to 2007, it sold mortgage securities to investors without fully warning of the risks. By wanting the bank to admit some responsibility, officials hope it will caution other corporations to double check before taking...
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