Darmstadtium Its chemical symbol is “Ds”, chemical element with atomic number 110. It is produced artificially by nuclear fusion. Each Darmstadtium atom has a very large nucleus, or central mass, containing positively charged particles called protons and neutral particles called neutrons.

Dirk Coster He is known as the co-discoverer of Hafnium (Hf) (element 72) in 1923, along with George Charles von Hevesy, by means of X-ray spectroscopic analysis of zirconium ore. The discovery took place in Copenhagen, Denmark.

Dmitri Mendeleev He is credited as being the creator of the first version of the periodic table of elements. Using the table, he predicted the properties of elements yet to be discovered.

DUBNIUM (Db) It is a chemical element with the symbol Db and atomic number 105, named after the town of Dubna in Russia, where it was first produced.

DYSPROSIUM (Dy) Its chemical symbol is “Dy”, metallic element with an atomic number of 66. Dysprosium is one of the rare earth elements in the lanthanide series of the periodic table.

Döbereiner, Johann Wolfgang He was a German chemist who is best known for work that foreshadowed the periodic law for the chemical elements.

Edwin M. McMillan He was an American physicist and Nobel laureate credited with being the first ever to produce a transuranium element. He shared the Nobel Prize in Chemistry with Glenn Seaborg in 1951. EINSTIENIUM (Es) It is artificially created radioactive element with an atomic number of 99. Einsteinium is one of the transuranium elements in the actinide series of the periodic table.

Emilio Segrè Was an Italian physicist and Nobel laureate in physics, who with Owen Chamberlain, discovered antiprotons, a sub-atomic antiparticle.

Enrico Fermi He was an Italian physicist, particularly known for his work on the development of the first nuclear reactor, Chicago Pile-1, and for his contributions to the development of quantum theory, nuclear and particle physics.

ERBIUM (Er) It is a chemical element in the lanthanide series, with the symbol “Er” and atomic number 68. A silvery-white solid metal when artificially isolated, natural erbium is always found in chemical combination with other elements on Earth.

Eugène Demarçay He was a spectrum specialist. In 1896, he suspected samples of the recently discovered element samarium were contaminated with an unknown element and he isolated europium in 1901. In 1898 he used his skills of spectroscopy to help Marie Curie confirm that she had discovered the element radium.

EUROPIUM (Eu)
Europium, symbol Eu, soft, silvery metallic element that is among the least abundant of the rare earth elements. Europium is in the lanthanide series of the periodic table and its atomic number is 63.

Fausto Elhuyar He was a Spanish chemist and the joint discoverer of tungsten with his brother Juan José Elhuyar in 1783.

Ferdinand Reich He was a German chemist who co-discovered indium in 1863 with Hieronymous Theodor Richter.

FERMIUM (Fm) It is an artificially created radioactive element with an atomic number of 100. Fermium is one of the transuranium elements in the actinide series of the periodic table.

FLOURINE (Fl) Its chemical symbol is F, chemically reactive, poisonous gaseous element. In group 17 of the periodic table, fluorine is one of the halogens. The atomic number of fluorine is 9.

FRANCIUM (Fr) Its chemical symbol is Fr, radioactive metallic element that closely resembles caesium in chemical properties. In group 1 of the periodic table, francium is one of the alkali metals. The atomic number of francium is 87. Friedrich Wöhler He was a German chemist, best known for his synthesis of urea, but also the first to isolate several chemical elements.

Friedrich Strohmeyer He discovered the element cadmium in 1817 while studying zinc compounds. He was the first to recommend starch as a reagent for free iodine and he studied chemistry of arsine and bismuthate salts.

GADOLINIUM (Gd) Its chemical symbol is “Gd”, silvery white metallic element with an atomic number of 64. Gadolinium is one of the rare earth elements in the lanthanide series of the periodic table.

Georges Urbain He discovered the element Lutetium in 1907.

GALLIUM (Ga) Its chemical symbol is “Ga”, metallic element that remains in the liquid state over a wider range of temperatures than any other element. Gallium is in group 13 of the periodic table; its atomic number is 31.

Georgiy Flerov He co discovered the spontaneous fission of uranium in 1940 with Konstantin A. Petrahak. An IUPAC press release says that Flerov did his work in heavy-ion physics in the lab he founded, the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research in the Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions in 1957, and in 1991, the lab renamed itself in honor of Flerov.

GERMANIUM (Ge)
Its chemical symbol is “Ge”, hard, brittle, greyish-white, crystalline semi metallic element. The atomic number of germanium is 32; it is in group 14 of the periodic table.

Glenn Seaborg He was an American scientist who won the 1951 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for "discoveries in the chemistry of the transuranium elements

GOLD (Au) Its chemical symbol is “Au”, soft, dense, bright yellow metallic element. Gold is one of the transition elements of the periodic table; its atomic number is 79.

HAFNIUM (Hf) Its chemical symbol is “Hf”, metallic element that closely resembles zirconium. Hafnium is one of the transition elements of the periodic table; the atomic number of hafnium is 72. HASSIUM (Hs) It is a chemical element with atomic number 108. It is produced artificially by nuclear fusion.

HELIUM (He) It is a colourless, odourless chemical element that occurs as a gas at room temperature. The atomic number of helium is 2, with two protons in its nucleus. The element is listed in group 18 of the periodic table.

Hennig Brand He was a merchant and alchemist in Hamburg, Germany. He discovered phosphorus around 1669.

HOLMIUM (Ho) Its chemical symbol is “Ho”, silver-colored metallic element with an atomic number of 67. Holmium is one of the most paramagnetic substances known.

Humphry Davy He was an English chemist and inventor. He is probably best remembered today for his discoveries of several alkali and alkaline earth metals, as well as contributions to the discoveries of the elemental nature of chlorine and iodine.

Hydrogen (H) Hydrogen is the first element in the periodic table of the elements and is represented by the symbol H. Hydrogen can combine chemically with almost every other element and forms more compounds than does any other element.

INDIUM (In) Its chemical symbol is “In”, soft, malleable, silvery white metallic element. The atomic number of indium is 49; the element is in group 13 of the periodic table.

IODINE (I) Its chemical symbol is “I”, chemically reactive element, a blue-black solid at room temperature. In group 17 of the periodic table, iodine is one of the halogens. Its atomic number is 53.

IRIDIUM (Ir) Its chemical symbol is “Ir”, white, brittle, extremely hard, metallic element. The atomic number of iridium is 77; it is one of the transition elements of the periodic table. IRON (Fe) Its chemical symbol is “Fe”, magnetic, malleable, silvery white metallic element. The atomic number of iron is 26; iron is one of the transition elements of the periodic table.

Jacques Louis Soret He was a Swiss chemist who in 1878, along with Marc Delafontaine, first observed holmium spectroscopically.

Jacob Akiba Marinsky He was a chemist who was the co-discoverer of the element promethium.

Jean de Marignac She was a Swiss chemist whose work with atomic weightssuggested the possibility of isotopes and the packing fraction of nuclei and whose study of the rare earth elements led to his discovery of ytterbium in 1878 and co discovery of gadolinium in 1880.

Johan Arfwedson He was a Swedish chemist who discovered the chemical element lithium in 1817 by isolating it as a salt.

John Gadolin Gadolin discovered the chemical element yttrium. He is also considered the founder of Finnish chemistry research, as the second holder of the Chair of Chemistry at the Royal Academy of Turku. Joseph Black He was a French-Scottish physician and chemist, known for his discoveries of latent heat, specific heat, and carbon dioxide. Joseph Priestley He is usually credited with the discovery of oxygen, having isolated it in its gaseous state, although Carl Wilhelm Scheele and Antoine Lavoisier also have a claim to the discovery.

Juan José Elhuyar He was a Spanish chemist and mineralogist, the joint discoverer of tungsten with his brother Fausto Elhuyar in 1783.

Karl Klaus He was primarily known as a chemist and discoverer of the chemical element ruthenium, but also as one of the first scientists who applied quantitative methods in botany. Karl Scheele He was a German-Swedish pharmaceutical chemist. Isaac Asimov called him "hard-luck Scheele" because he made a number of chemical discoveries before others who are generally given the credit.

Kenneth Street, Jr He was an American chemist. He was part of the team that discovered elements 97 and 98 (berkelium and californium) in 1949 and 1950.

Kalium The Latin term for potassium (K)

KRYPTON (Kr) Krypton, symbol Kr, colourless, odourless gaseous element that makes up a tiny fraction of Earth's atmosphere. In group 18 of the periodic table, krypton is one of the noble gases. The atomic number of krypton is 36.

LANTHANUM (La) Its chemical symbol is “La”, metallic element with an atomic number of 57. Lanthanum is one of the rare earth elements of the periodic table.

Lars Nilson He was a Swedish chemist who discovered scandium in 1879. LAWRENCIUM (Lr) Its chemical symbol is “Lr“, artificially created radioactive metallic element with an atomic number of 103. Lawrencium is one of the transuranium elements of the periodic table.

LEAD (Pb) Lead, symbol Pb ,dense, bluish-gray metallic element that was one of the first known metals. The atomic number of lead is 82; the element is in group 14 of the periodic table

Lise Meitner Meitner was part of the team that discovered nuclear fission, an achievement for which her colleague Otto Hahn was awarded the Nobel Prize. LITHIUM (Li) Its chemical symbol is “Li”, silvery white, chemically reactive metallic element that is the lightest in weight of all metals. In group 1 of the periodic table, lithium is one of the alkali metals. The atomic number of lithium is 3.

LUTETIUM (Lu) Its chemical symbol is “Lu”, silvery white metallic element with an atomic number of 71. Lutetium is one of the transition elements of the periodic table

MAGNESIUM (Mg) Its chemical symbol is Mg, silvery white metallic element that is relatively unreactive. In group 2 of the periodic table, magnesium is one of the alkaline earth metals. The atomic number of magnesium is 12.

MANGANESE (Mn) Its chemical symbol is “Mn”, silvery white, brittle metallic element used principally in making alloys. Manganese is one of the transition elements of the periodic table. The atomic number of manganese is 25. Martin Klaproth He found the element titanium in the ore rutile in 1791, believing it to be a new discovery, however, William Gregoris credited with the discovery of titanium, having found the metal in a different ore, before Klaproth, although in the same year. He was the first to discover uranium while studying the mineral pitchblende. MEITNERIUM (Mt) Meitnerium, symbol Mt, chemical element with atomic number 109. It is produced artificially by nuclear fusion (in which a chemical element with larger atoms is produced by fusing together smaller atoms from other elements).

MENDELEVIUM (Md) Its chemical symbol is Md, artificially created radioactive element with an atomic number of 101. Mendelevium is one of the transuranium elements in the actinide series of the periodic table.

MERCURY (Hg) Its chemical symbol is “Hg”, “liquid silver,” metallic element that is a free-flowing liquid at room temperature. Mercury is one of the transition elements of the periodic table. The atomic number of mercury is 80.

MOLYBDENUM (Mo) Its chemical symbol is “Mo”, metallic element with chemical properties similar to those of chromium. Molybdenum is one of the transition elements of the periodic table. The atomic number of molybdenum is 42.

NEODYMIUM (Nd) Its chemical symbol is “Nd”, silvery metallic element with an atomic number of 60. Neodymium is one of the rare earth elements in the lanthanide series of the periodic table.

NEON (Ne) Its chemical symbol is “Ne”, colourless, odourless, nonreactive gaseous element that makes up a tiny fraction of Earth's atmosphere. A member of group 18 of the periodic table, neon is one of the noble gases. NEPTUNIUM (Np) Its chemical symbol is “Np”, radioactive metallic element with an atomic number of 93. Neptunium is one of the transuranium elements in the actinide series of the periodic table.

NICKEL (Ni) Its chemical symbol is “Ni”, silvery white, magnetic metallic element used chiefly in making alloys. Nickel is one of the transition elements of the periodic table. The atomic number of nickel is 28. NIOBIUM (Nb) Its chemical symbol is symbol “Nb”, steel-gray, lustrous, ductile, and malleable metallic element. The atomic number of niobium is 41.

NITROGEN (N) Its chemical symbol is “N”, gaseous element that makes up the largest portion of Earth's atmosphere. The atomic number of nitrogen is 7. Nitrogen is in group 15 of the periodic table.

NOBELIUM (No)
Its chemical symbol is “No”, radioactive metallic element with an atomic number of 102. Nobelium is one of the transuranium elements in the actinide series of the periodic table.

OERSTED, HANS CHRISTIAN He was a Danish physicist and chemist who discovered that electric currents create magnetic fields, an important aspect of electromagnetism.

O.H. GOHRING He claimed to have found the element number 91. They suggested the name brevium for the element. They chose the name because the half life of the isotope they found was very short ("brief").

OSMIUM (Os) Its chemical symbol is “Os”, bluish-white, brittle metallic element. Osmium and iridium are generally considered the densest elements. The atomic number of osmium is 76.

OTTO BERG He was a German scientist. He is one of the scientists credited with discovering rhenium, the next-to-last naturally occurring element to be discovered and the last element to be discovered having a stable isotope.

OXYGEN (O) Oxygen, symbol O, colourless, odourless, tasteless, slightly magnetic gaseous element. In Earth’s crust, oxygen is more abundant than any other element.

PALLADIUM (Pd) Its chemical symbol is “Pd”, relatively rare, silvery white, soft metallic element. The atomic number of palladium is 46. The element is one of the transition elements of the periodic table.

PHOSPHORUS (P) Its chemical symbol is “P”, reactive non-metallic element that is important to living organisms and has many industrial uses. The atomic number of phosphorus is 15, and its atomic weight is 30.974.

PLATINUM (Pt) Its chemical symbol is Pt, relatively rare, chemically inert metallic element that is more valuable than gold. The atomic number of platinum is 78. PLUTONIUM (Pu) Its chemical symbol is “Pu”, radioactive metallic element that is used in nuclear reactors and nuclear weapons. The atomic number of plutonium is 94.

POLONIUM (Po) Its chemical symbol is “Po”, rare, radioactive metallic element. Polonium is in group 16 (or VIa) of the periodic table. Its atomic number is 84.

POTASSIUM (K) Its chemical symbol is “K”, chemically reactive, extremely soft metallic element. In group 1 (or Ia) of the periodic table, potassium is one of the alkali metals. The atomic number of potassium is 19.

PROMETHIUM (Pm) Its chemical symbol is “Pm”, radioactive metallic element with an atomic number of 61. Promethium is one of the rare earth elements in the lanthanide series of the periodic table.

Quantum Theory Quantum theory explains in principle how to calculate what will happen in any experiment involving physical or biological systems, and how to understand how our world works. The name “quantum theory” comes from the fact that the theory describes the matter and energy in the universe in terms of single indivisible units called quanta (singular quantum).

RADIUM (Ra) Its chemical symbol is “Ra”, chemically reactive, silvery white, radioactive metallic element. In group 2 (or IIa) of the periodic table , radium is one of the alkaline earth metals. The atomic number of radium is 88.

Radon It is a colourless, odourless radioactive gaseous element that is the heaviest of the noble gases of the periodic table. The atomic number of radon is 86.

RHENIUM (Re) Its chemical symbol is “Re”, rare, silvery white, metallic element. The atomic number of rhenium is 75.

RHODIUM (Rh) Its chemical symbol is “Rh”, brilliant silvery white metallic element used principally in alloys. Rhodium is one of the transition elements of the periodic table.

RUBIDIUM (Rb) Its chemical symbol is “Rb”, chemically reactive metallic element with an atomic number of 37. RUTHENIUM (Ru) Its chemical symbol is “Ru”, chemically unreactive, grayish-white metallic element. Ruthenium is one of the transition elements of the periodic table. The atomic number of ruthenium is 44.

RUTHERFORDIUM (Rf) In 1969 it was synthesized at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, by United States scientists who proposed the name rutherfordium, in honor of British physicist Ernest Rutherford

SAMARIUM (Sm) Its chemical symbol is “Sm”, hard, brittle, lustrous metallic element. Samarium is one of the rare earth elements in the lanthanide series of the periodic table.

SCANDIUM (Sc) Its chemical symbol is “Sc”, soft, silver-white metallic element with an atomic number of 21. SEABORGIUM (Sg) Its chemical symbol is “Sg”, chemical element with the atomic number 106. Seaborgium is produced artificially by nuclear fusion. Each seaborgium atom contains a large nucleus, or central mass, containing positively charged particles called protons and neutral particles called neutrons.

SELENIUM (Se) Its chemical symbol is “Se”, semi metallic element with an atomic number of 34. Selenium is in group 16 of the periodic table.

SILICON (Si) Its chemical symbol is “Si”, semi metallic element that is the second most common element on Earth, after oxygen. The atomic number of silicon is 14.

SILVER (Ag) Its chemical symbol is Ag, white, lustrous metallic element that conducts heat and electricity better than any other metal.

SODIUM (Na) Its chemical symbol is “Na”, highly reactive, silvery-white, extremely soft metallic element. In group 1 of the periodic table sodium is one of the alkali metals. The atomic number of sodium is 11.

STRONTIUM (Sr) Its chemical symbol is “Sr”, chemically reactive, malleable, ductile metallic element. In group 2 of the periodic table, strontium is one of the alkaline earth metals. The atomic number of strontium is 38.

SULFUR (S) Its chemical symbol is “S”, tasteless, odorless, light yellow nonmetallic element. Sulfur is in group 16 of the periodic table. Its atomic number is 16, and its atomic weight is 32.064.

TANTALUM (Ta) Its chemical symbol is “Ta”, white, ductile, malleable metallic element. Tantalum is one of the transition elements of the periodic table. The atomic number of tantalum is 73.

TECHNITIUM (Tc) Its chemical symbol is “Ta”, white, ductile, malleable metallic element. Tantalum is one of the transition elements of the periodic table. The atomic number of tantalum is 73.

TELLURIUM (Te) Its chemical symbol is “Te”, silver-white, brittle, semimetallic element. The atomic number of tellurium is 52.

TERBIUM (Tb) Its chemical symbol is “Tb”, metallic element with an atomic number of 65. Terbium is one of the rare earth elements in the lanthanide series of the periodic table.

THALLIUM (Tl) Its chemical symbol is “Tl”, soft, malleable metallic element that acquires a bluish-graycolor upon exposure to the atmosphere. Thallium is in group 13 of the periodic table. The atomic number of thallium is 81.

THORIUM (Th) Its chemical symbol is “Th”, radioactive metallic element with an atomic number of 90. Thorium is a member of the actinide series of the periodic table.

THULIUM (Tm) Its chemical symbol is “Tm”, silver-gray metallic element that is the rarest of the rare earth elements. Thulium is in the lanthanide series of the periodic table . TIN (Sn) Its chemical symbol is “Sn”, metallic element that has been used by people since ancient times. TITANIUM (Ti) Its chemical symbol is “Ti”, silver-white metallic element used principally to make light, strong alloys. Titanium is one of the transition elements of the periodic table. The atomic number of titanium is 22.

TUNGSTEN (W) Its chemical symbol is “W” (from the earlier name, wolfram), metallic element that has the highest melting point of any metal. Tungsten is one of the transition elements of the periodic table. The atomic number of tungsten is 74. UNUNBIUM (Uub) Element 112, also called ununbium (Uub), chemical element with atomic number 112. It is produced artificially by nuclear fusion (in which an element with larger atoms is produced by fusing together smaller atoms from other elements).

Ununhexium (Uuh) Element 116, also called ununhexium (Uuh), chemical element with atomic number 116. Each ununhexium atom has a nucleus, or inner core, containing particles called neutrons and protons. The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom determines the element’s atomic number

UNUNOCTIUM (Uuo) A claim made by other researchers in 1999 that element 118 had been observed was retracted in 2001.

UNUNPENTIUM (Uup) Scientists smashed calcium atoms into an americium target to make element 115, which quickly decayed into element 113. Element 115 has the temporary name ununpentium (Uup)

UNUNQUADIUM (Uuq) Element 114, also called ununquadium (Uuq), chemical element with atomic number 114. UNUNTRIUM (Uut) Scientists smashed calcium atoms into an americium target to make element 115, which quickly decayed into element 113. Element 115 has the temporary name ununpentium (Uup) and element 113 the temporary name ununtrium (Uut) in 2004.

URANIUM (U) Uranium, symbol U, chemically reactive radioactive metallic element that is the main fuel used in nuclear reactors. Uranium is a member of the actinide series in the periodic table. The atomic number of uranium is 92. VANADIUM (V) Vanadium, symbol V, silver-white metallic element with an atomic number of 23. Vanadium is one of the transition elements of the periodic table.

Vladimir I. Veksler In 1956 he established and became the first director of the Laboratory of High Energy at the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research in Dubna, where the Synchrophasotron, that, along with Protvino, incoporated the largest circular proton accelerators in the world at their time, was constructed under his leadership.

Wilhelm Hisinger He was a Swedish physicist and chemist who in 1807, working in coordination with Jöns Jakob Berzelius, noted that in electrolysis any given substance always went to the same pole, and that substances attracted to the same pole had other properties in common.

William Crookes He was a British chemist and physicist who attended the Royal College of Chemistry, London, and worked on spectroscopy. He was a pioneer of vacuum tubes, inventing the Crookes tube.

William Gregor He’s the British clergyman and mineralogist who discovered the elemental metal titanium.

William Hyde Wollaston He was an English chemist and physicist who is famous for discovering two chemical elements and for developing a way to process platinum ore.

William Ramsay He was a Scottish chemist who discovered the noble gases and received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1904 "in recognition of his services in the discovery of the inert gaseous elements in air.

William Odling In the 1860s Odling, like many chemists, was working towards a periodic table of elements. He was intrigued by atomic weights and the periodic occurrence of chemical properties.

XENON (Xe) Its chemical symbol is “Xe”, colourless, odourless gaseous element with an atomic number of 54. In group 18 of the periodic table, xenon is one of the noble gases.

YTTERBIUM (Yb) Its chemical symbol is “Yb”, soft, malleable, ductile metallic element that has a bright, silvery luster. Ytterbium is one of the rare earth elements in the lanthanide series of the periodic table. The atomic number of ytterbium is 70.

YTTRIUM (Y) Its chemical symbol is “Y”, silver-white metallic element with an atomic number of 39. Yttrium is one of the transition elements of the periodic table. The elements yttrium, ytterbium, terbium, and erbium were all named for the town of Ytterby in Sweden, the location of a quarry that yielded several rare earth elements. Yuri Oganessian He is a Russian nuclear physicist of Armenian descent. He and his team discovered the heaviest elements in the Periodic Table.

ZINC (Zn) The chemical symbol is “Zn”, bluish-white metallic element that has many industrial applications. Zinc is one of the transition elements of the periodic table. The atomic number of zinc is 30.

ZIRCONIUM (Zr) Zirconium, symbol Zr, metallic element with an atomic number of 40. Zirconium is one of the transition elements of the periodic table.