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Chemistry

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Kemirapport – Fremstilling af jern(II)sulfatheptahydrat

Patrick Alexander Aggelund

2e, Falkonergårdens Gymnasium

Forsøg udført I samarbejde med: Ahmed Al-Robai og Ali Nadali

Rapport udarbejdet af: Patrick Aggelund

Afl. Dato: 11/11-2011

Formål:

Formålet med forsøget er at fremstille jern(II)sulfatheptahydrat.

Teori:

I dette forsøg benytter vi os af disse to reaktioner:

1)

Den første reaktion fortæller os at hydrogen er mere elektronegativt end jern, altså at jern står længere til venstre på spændingsrækken. Jern afgiver altså to elektroner(en til hvert hydron) og bliver selv til en jern(II)ion. De to hydroner optager en elektron hver og bliver til dihydrogen. Alt dette betyder at det vil være muligt at opløse jern i svovlsyre(H2SO4) som det også er tilfældet i den anden reaktion.

For at få den anden reaktion til at forekomme er vi dog nødt til at tilsætte noget ethanol da jern(II)sulfatheptahydrat er tungere opløseligt i ethanol end det er i vand. Samtidig gør man det også koldt da dette også hjælper med at gøre det tungere opløseligt.

Det der sker i reaktionen er at jern går sammen med sulfat ved en krystaldannelse hvori der binder sig 7 molekyler H2O pr. molekyle FeSO4.

Apparaturliste:

Vægt

50 mL måleglas

2 stk 250 mL koniske kolber

Bunsenbrænder

Trefod

Trådnet

Glastragt

Filtrerpapir

100 mL bægerglas Massen af ståluld | 2,685 g | Massen af jern(II)sulfatheptahydrat(mprak) | 9,55 g |

Glasspatel

Udstyr til sugefiltrering

Kemikalieliste:

Ståluld

2 M H2SO4

96% ethanol

Eksperimentelt:

Vi startede med at afveje 2,685 g ståluld. Derefter fortyndede vi vores 2 M H2SO4 til en 1 M opløsning. Så opløste vi stålulden i vores 1 M opløsning i en 250 mL konisk kolbe mens vi varmede på det med vores bunsenbrænder. Under opvarmningen sørgede vi for at der hele tiden var udsugning kørende for at undgå at indånde ildelugtende gasser. Samtidig pressede vi vores ståluld ned under opløsning for at få reaktionen til at foregå lidt hurtigere.

Efter alt stålulden var opløst frafiltrede vi alle urenhederne og samlede væsken i et rent 100 mL bægerglas. Urenhederne var hovedsagligt kul, da ståluld ikke kun består af jern. Derefter tilføjede vi noget ethanol til væsken og puttede glasset ned i isvand. Vi rørte så rundt i vores væske hvorved vi fik jern(II)sulfatheptahydrat til at udkrystallisere.

Herefter filtrede vi vores væske med sugefiltrering mens vi tilsatte lidt ekstra ethanol for at få alle krystallerne med. De frafiltrede krystaller lagde vi herefter i en plastik båd så de kunne stå til tørring. Nogle dage efter vejede vi det tørre produkt og noterede massen.

Måleresultater:

Vi har følgende måleresultater fra vores forsøg:

Beregninger:

Jeg starter med at beregne stofmængden af jern i stålulden. Dette gøres ved at bruge formlen:

Indsættes vores tal fås at:

Ved at kigge på vores 2. reaktionsskema kan vi finde stofmængden af jern(II)sulfatheptahydrat.
Dette kan vi ved at se på stofmængdeforholdet mellem jern og jern(II)sulfatheptahydrat. De går sammen i forholdet 1:1 så 0,0481 mol Fe svarer til 0,0481 mol FeSO4*7H2O. Så:

Herefter beregner jeg den teoretiske masse af jern(II)sulfatheptahydrat for at kunne sammenligne det med mit praktiske udbytte. For at finde massen benytter jeg mig igen af samme formel som før; denne gang har jeg bare isoleret m.

Nu vil jeg så finde ud af hvor stort et udbytte vi har fået af jern(II)sulfatheptahydrat. Dette gøres ved at udregne udbytteprocenten. Udregningen ser således ud:

Fejlkilder:

En fejlkilde ved forsøget er vægten. Hvis målingerne af masserne er forkerte vil alle udregninger også give forkerte resultater.

En anden fejlkilde kunne være hvis man ikke fik udkrystalliseret alle krystallerne. Gøres dette ikke vil man få en mindre mængde jern(II)sulfatheptahydrat end der egentlig var, hvilket vil føre til en lavere udbytteprocent.

En tredje fejlkilde kunne være hvis man ikke fik titreret alt jern(II)sulfatheptahydraten fra ved sugetitreringen. Dette vil også føre til en mindre mængde jern(II)sulfatheptahydrat.

Konklusion:

Formålet ved forsøget var at fremstille jern(II)sulfatheptahydrat og dette er lykkedes os. Dog har vi kun fået en udbytteprocent på 71,44 %. Dette tal kunne godt have været højere men grunden til at det ikke er højere er at vi ikke har været omhyggelige nok da vi lavede forsøget. Vi har sikkert haft vores bægerglas for kort tid nede i vandet, hvilket har ført til at vi ikke har fået udkrystalliseret alle krystallerne.

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