...ability to support activities, and the people’s solution to making money. These differences led to the divide in the Chesapeake and New England colonies. The colonies were all settled for a reason, but not all for the same. The Chesapeake colonies introduced a headright system to bring people from England, this system granted land to each person. In the New England colonies people came to escape religious persecution in Europe. Groups like the Puritans made Massachusetts, Quakers in Pennsylvania, and freedom of worship in Rhode Island. This attracted people from all over because Chesapeake colonies did not have these rights, and therefore did not develop religiously in a unique way as New England had. On the other hand, New England did not receive as many people looking to strike it rich because the Chesapeake was more attractive for them because they could get lots of land very quickly. These regions were destined to be different because of the people who moved into them. The Chesapeake region...
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...Chellam Sundaram APUSH Summer Work Chapter 3: 1. The Chesapeake area was blessed with fertile soil and fresh water, and this helped them grow an economy based off of their agricultural product. They had several easily accessible trade routes and were able to import and export good quickly. Chesapeake region had a “cash crop” get rich quickly mentality. Their lives were based more on their liquid assets than on God or family. The first colonists were mainly upper-class men of wealthy families aspiring towards coming to the New World to create a large profit for themselves New England had rocky soil and many hills. This meant that the New Englanders had to rely on sources other than their crops. Unlike the inhabitants of the Chesapeake area, the founders of the New England colony had motives that were mainly religious rather than...
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...With the need of tobacco growing out of control in the mid-17th century, the powerful Chesapeake planters needed a new way to better supply that demand. They brought in European indentured workers and even attempted to use captured Native Americans, but would only result in disruption of their lucrative deerskin trade. Modeling after the sugar growers, the planters decided to use African slaves in their newly developed labor camp plantations. Due to the increasing number of African people coming to the colonies, there had to be some legal social division between them and the English. After wresting with the idea of slaves receiving their freedom if they converted to Christianity, it was decided that they could not and that the determining factor of slavery would be if a person looked European (white). Slaves had no legal rights nor did they receive any pay. Indentured servants and black...
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...England would be the ones located in the Chesapeake area. New England had a society that differed from England largely due to the motives of the settles. Each of the settlers wanted to leave England permanently to start a new life. An example is the Puritans who moved to America to preserve their way of life rather than adhere to England’s. This led them to form a society different from that of their home countries. However, the Chesapeake colonies such as...
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...and Maryland, being part of the Chesapeake region, had a mostly male population that didn’t intend to establish family roots. Wealth being the driving force in these colonies led to a lack of a governing body and lack of control. John Smith did set up martial law. Yet the colony suffered a “starving time” when he was not in residence to enforce it. Disease, sickness and attacks by the natives further decimated this region. Their greatest economic resource was tobacco. George Alsop spoke of tobacco being Maryland’s main resource but also spoke of the fur trade and of slavery. New England made up of Massachusetts and Plymouth was far more successful in forming their colonies than those of the Chesapeake area. The major reason behind their success was that they moved together as a family unit of mother, father and children. With these colonies having a more familial foundation their respective economies reflected this. Religious belief was celebrated. The second governor of Plymouth, William Bradford, saw first hand the struggles of the pilgrims of Scrooby England. He observed that the pilgrims faced these hardships head on, even though in the end they suffered for it. Massachusetts Puritan leader, John Winthrop, set forth what he believed would be standards for becoming a “city on a hill”, a system of government that others would aspire to. The high mortality rate in the Chesapeake region was a factor in the education system. They didn’t believe in building...
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...The Societal Differences Between the Chesapeake and New England Colonies After the voyages of Columbus in 1492, the western world began to establish colonies in North and South America primarily for economic, political, and religious gain. This transitioned to three major powers dominating North America, the Spanish, the French, and the English. This threshold on power was solidified by the English after the defeat of the Spanish Armada in 1588. Due the English’s new found power and confidence, many more English colonies started to develop such as the New England and Chesapeake colonies. The two regional colonies, were vastly different economically, socially, and politically even though they had the same county of origin. Their sharp contrasts...
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...allegiance to the Crown back home. To the North, or New England Colonies, the settlers occupied Massachusetts Bay Colony, Plymouth, Rhode Island, New Haven, and Connecticut. And to the South, or Chesapeake Region, the settlers occupied Virginia, Pennsylvania, Maryland, and New Jersey. Now, let’s get into the nitty-gritty; the “how and why” these two regions were so different. First thing is first. Chesapeake settlers had a majority allegiance to England’s values. These people, by and large, represented the English establishment back home. So, what does this mean? Well, that...
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...In 1607, English settlers of The Virginia Company chartered voyage arrived in Virginia and founded the first Chesapeake settlement, Jamestown. After the devastating events that occurred during the first few years of the colony, colonist had to make swift changes to survive. The solution to their problems was an already well know crop called tobacco. The colony’s new product began to rapidly produce substantial revenues as the demand skyrocketed in the European markets. However, this did not only make the colonist prosper but the English Empire as well from taxes on all tobacco shipments. This increase in demand caused two fundamental changes to occur: the need for large amounts of land and necessity for a huge labor force. Small farm holders soon became wealthy plantation owners which inspired more people to make the voyage over the Atlantic Ocean in search of either land or work....
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...these indentured servants turned into slaves, which we all have learned about through history. The time line from indentured servants to slaves is quite compelling and I’ll show you how. In 1619, the very first African-Americans show their faces in Virginia. Most of them were indentured servants, trying to prove their worthiness in the eyes of the white land owners. After whites discover how much their field hands accomplish, they begin to transport blacks from Africa to the West Indies. In the 1660s, slavery becomes even more appealing and soon enough, slave codes are put into act. These were laws passed as a model for other colonies on how slaves were to be a white man’s personal property, initially taking away black’s rights. It protected the institution of slavery. Beginning in the 1670s, the African-American population in North America was growing outrageously large. Enslaved women usually had an average of more than four children and because of this; the Chesapeake region was one of the first regions to raise a large generation directly into...
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...Polk took action in this “Manifest Destiny”. With this came a few issues, one issue was the border dispute between the U.S. and Mexico over what the border of Texas is, and whose it is, and another one of the issues was the expansion of slavery out west. The Border problem was more of a problem between the U.S. and Mexico, whereas the expansion of slavery was more of a problem within the U.S. in itself. One thing that both of these have in common is how they played a part in the Mexican-American War. The border played a huge role as the United States was taking position “Between the Nueces and the Del Norte”(Document A) which was seen as an invasion in the eyes of Mexico. In America “U.S. Historians refer to the event as ‘The Mexican War,’ while in Mexico we prefer to use the term ‘The U.S. Invasion.’”(Document B). The war lasted from 1846-1848, and concluded with the “Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo” (The Mexican-American War [Ushistory.org], n.d.), and the United States was given the Territory that was being fought over, as well as more...
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...shaped the Chesapeake region and New England. in different Throughout the century, New England maintained a strong, communal identity while the Chesapeake remained widely scattered. Through the hot river valleys of the Chesapeake had a climate that facilitated staple crop plantations and disease, New England’s extreme climate made mass production of staple crops and the spread of disease difficult. The combination of poor free men, and later, indentured servants and slaves, resulted in a larger rich-poor gap in the Chesapeake. When the New England settlers first arrived, they had strong ties to religion. They believed that it was their responsibility and God’s expectation that they create moral, Christian communities. John Winthrop reflects this in Doc. A by saying their failure would “open the mouths of enemies to speak evil of…God.” The Chesapeake settlers, however, had similar yet, separate, goals based on the economies. People’s main motives were not religious, but economic, there to “dig gold, wash gold, refine gold, load gold,” as per doc. F. This resulted in competition, rather than bonding, over the settlement. Document B reflects that people settled in New England with their families, whereas Doc. C shows that Chesapeake settlers were mostly single men. This happened because the religious freedom and practice was more appealing to families, to form communities that worship God, and resulted in a much more unified settlement. The economy of the Chesapeake region made...
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...Two big colonial societies in the 1700’s were the New England and Chesapeake Bay societies. These societies varied in community and family life, but some similarities arose. In this time indentured servants were also widely used. This led to tension and conflict. This conflict though initiated a flourish of slave use in the in the Chesapeake Bay. The New England colonies consisted of what is now Rhode Island, Massachusetts, Connecticut, Vermont, New Hampshire and Maine. These New England societies were very highly involved with educated their colonists. Education began at an early age. Massachusetts even made it a rule that if a town had more than 50 houses a teacher was required to teach the children. They were so involved in education they even founded Harvard in 1636. Harvard originally started as a ministry school to train men to be ministers. This stress on education was very important and had a huge impact on the literacy in New England. Compared to other colonies they had a high rate of individuals who could sign their names. 90% of white males could and 40% of females compared to a 50% rate in other colonies. THey even beat out England where only 33% of white males could read and write. Community life was also very important to New England societies and was set up in a unique way. All the towns were organized in the same way. In the center of each community there was a meeting house. The meeting house was...
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...Stephen Decatur American naval officer notable for his heroism in the Barbary Wars and the War of 1812; first American celebrated as a nation military hero who had not fought in the American Revolution. Tariff of 1816 Protective tariff enforced between 1816-1824; formed the basis of the Compromise of 1833, ending the Nullification Crisis in which South Carolina had threatened secession from the US; Introduced by Secretary of Treasury Alexander J. Dallas and advocated by Speaker of the House Henry Clay; Daniel Webster and John Randolph strongly opposed. The American System aka American Way; mercantilist economic plan based on the "American School" ideas of Alexander Hamilton consisting of a high tariff to support internal improvement; plan was advanced by the Whig Party, more specifically Henry Clay, John C. Calhoun, and John Quincy Adams. Era of Good Feelings 1816-1824; Period in the US political history in which partisan bitterness abated; took place during James Monroe's presidency. Panic of 1819 First major financial crisis in the US that occurred during the end of the Era of Good Feelings; resulted from international conflicts such as the Embargo Act and War of 1812. Missouri...
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...William Penn respected Lenni Lenape and local Indian tribes, thus Pennsylvania enjoyed prolonged peace with the natives. These relationships between colonists and Indians in their respective colonies remained constant, all except Pennsylvania. The Paxton Boys ravaged the Conestoga Indians, thus ending peace between the native peoples and Pennsylvania Indian populations were significantly reduced due to bloody wars with the invading colonists and diseases brought by the colonists. In addition, Carolinian’s ravaged Indian groups in Florida, further contributing to the population decrease. Indians in Carolina became reliant on their British allies for guns and ammunition, thus they never revolted against their superiors. What role did slavery (African and Indian) play in the development of their colonies? Indian slaves were used to work Spanish gold mines, cattle ranches, and sugar plantations. When Indian slaves died from disease or exploitation, the Spanish invaded Indian villages in order to sustain the aforementioned...
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...It was also the infusion of a racial ideology which meant to permanently and hereditarily subjugate a people based on the color of their skin. Elite planters, beginning in the 1660s, manipulated racist tendencies within society in order to stabilize their labor force and maintain control over the common white population. By the eighteenth century free blacks, some of whom having prospered during the 1600s, had largely disappeared from a landscape which recognized their skin color as a marker for enslavement. The conversion of the colony’s bound labor system from white indentured servants to African slaves has dominated the historiography of colonial Virginia since the early twentieth century. At the center of this debate is the role of racial ideology within that evolution. Was the eighteenth century slave society created out of long-held racist beliefs of the African people’s innate inferiority, or was the introduction of racist policies simply a justification for enslaving the only feasible labor force available to wealthy Virginians? My historiography paper will examine...
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