...Tracking and Analyzing Disease Trends pages 557–740 EDITOR-IN-CHIEF D. Peter Drotman Associate Editors Paul Arguin, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Charles Ben Beard, Ft. Collins, Colorado, USA Ermias Belay, Atlanta, Georgia, USA David Bell, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Sharon Bloom, Atlanta, GA, USA Mary Brandt, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Corrie Brown, Athens, Georgia, USA Charles H. Calisher, Ft. Collins, Colorado, USA Michel Drancourt, Marseille, France Paul V. Effler, Perth, Australia David Freedman, Birmingham, Alabama, USA Peter Gerner-Smidt, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Stephen Hadler, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Nina Marano, Nairobi, Kenya Martin I. Meltzer, Atlanta, Georgia, USA David Morens, Bethesda, Maryland, USA J. Glenn Morris, Gainesville, Florida, USA Patrice Nordmann, Fribourg, Switzerland Didier Raoult, Marseille, France Pierre Rollin, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Ronald M. Rosenberg, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA Frank Sorvillo, Los Angeles, California, USA David Walker, Galveston, Texas, USA Senior Associate Editor, Emeritus Brian W.J. Mahy, Bury St. Edmunds, Suffolk, UK Managing Editor Byron Breedlove, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Copy Editors Claudia Chesley, Laurie Dietrich, Karen Foster, Thomas Gryczan, Jean Michaels Jones, Shannon O’Connor, P. Lynne Stockton Production William Hale, Barbara Segal, Reginald Tucker Editorial Assistant Jared Friedberg Communications/Social Media Sarah Logan Gregory Founding Editor Joseph E. McDade, Rome, Georgia, USA Emerging Infectious Diseases is published monthly...
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...Europe’s journal on infectious disease epidemiolog y, prevention and control Special edition: Chikungunya and Zika virus October 2014 Featuring • Spread of chikungunya from the Caribbean to mainland Central and South America: a greater risk of spillover in Europe? • Aspects of Zika virus transmission • Cases of chikungunya virus infection in travellers returning to Spain from Haiti or Dominican Republic, April-June 2014 www.eurosurveillance.org Editorial team Editorial advisors Based at the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), 171 83 Stockholm, Sweden Albania: Alban Ylli, Tirana Telephone number Belgium: Sophie Quoilin, Brussels +46 (0)8 58 60 11 38 E-mail eurosurveillance@ecdc.europa.eu Editor-in-chief Ines Steffens Austria: Reinhild Strauss, Vienna Belgium: Koen De Schrijver, Antwerp Bosnia and Herzogovina: Nina Rodić Vukmir, Banja Luka Bulgaria: Mira Kojouharova, Sofia Croatia: Sanja Musić Milanović, Zagreb Cyprus: to be nominated Czech Republic: Bohumir Križ, Prague Denmark: Peter Henrik Andersen, Copenhagen Senior editor Estonia: Kuulo Kutsar, Tallinn Kathrin Hagmaier Finland: Outi Lyytikäinen, Helsinki Scientific editors Karen Wilson Williamina Wilson France: Judith Benrekassa, Paris Germany: Jamela Seedat, Berlin Greece: Rengina Vorou, Athens Hungary: Ágnes Csohán, Budapest Assistant editors Iceland: Haraldur Briem, Reykjavik Alina Buzdugan Ireland: Lelia Thornton...
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...how much was the world population reduced during the Plague pandemic? The world population reduced an estimated 450 million during the Plague pandemic. 5. What year (within the past 100 years) did the world experience a flu pandemic? In 1918, also known as the Spanish Flu. 6. What are 3 symptoms of chikungunya fever? 3 symptoms of chikungunya fever are fever, headache, and vomiting. 7. What bacterium causes Lyme’s disease? Borrelia burgdorferi is the bacterium that cuases Lyme’s disease. 8. What is ‘erythema migrans?’ Erythema migrans refers to the rash often seen in the early stages of Lyme disease. It’s an actual skin infection with Borrelia burgdorferi. It is also the only manifestation of Lymes disease that allows clinical diagnosis in the absence of laboratory confirmation. 9. Find a disease transmitted by rabbits and list 2 symptoms. Tularemia is a disease transmitted by rabbits. Symptoms are fever and diarrhea. 10. What are symptoms of guinea worm disease? Symptoms of guinea worm disease include fever, swelling and pain in the area that the worm is about to come out of. 11. How long can a guinea worm grow? A guinea worm can grow up to 2-3 feet in length....
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...“Over one million people die from mosquito-borne diseases every year” (OXITEC, 2016). A mosquito is an insect which lives around the world especially in tropical and subtropical countries. The mosquito has both positive and negative effects. As part of positive effects, larvae of mosquitoes are food for fish, and mosquitoes help pollinate some flowers, when they consume nectar. In contrast, mosquitoes make people annoyed and cause many diseases. World Health Organization (2016) explains that the mosquito is the greatest menace which causes many diseases and they are responsible for more than million deaths and cases every year. There are many diseases that cause by mosquitoes but the diseases are commonly found and get people’s attention such...
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...Disease Classification Structures Health care information systems cover a wide range of issues dealing with the supervision and use of biomedical information. Health information systems are central support tools in the administration of health care services. An acceptable health information system is important not only for evaluating the health needs of populations but also for preparation and for application of health interventions. It is equally imperative in the assessment of programs. The goal of information systems is to create an appropriate working environment. This is done by providing initial and going training, allocating resources, and by managing unintended consequences (Wager, Lee & Glaser, 2009). This summary will examine disease classification information structures necessary for reimbursement and epidemiological data collection. Discussions will describe disease classification, analyze reasons why it was selected, and explain how it is applicable to work, review the benefits of the systems and also discuss the negative draw backs of the system. To begin discussions will focus on defining disease classification structures. Disease Classification Structures Disease classification structures are essential to health care. The International Classification of Disease Ninth Revision (ICD-9) is a classification system developed by the World Health Organization (WHO) to categorize diseases. ICD-9 collects data on disease and in the United States the ICD-9...
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...Personalized Medicine SCI 115 Abstract Personalized medicine is a healthcare field that deals with the different and unique genomic, genetic, clinical, and environmental information of each person. Personalized medicine is based on making treatment or prevention of disease focus on the individual and the factors that do or will affect that particular individual. Some of the advantages of personalized medicine are the ability to make more informed medical decisions, earlier disease intervention, and reduced probability of negative side effects. Although there is a large upside to personalized medicine and the medical advantages that come along with it implementation, there lyes the challenge. The implementation of personalized medicine is the largest limitation. Whether it is lack of push from the healthcare industry or lack of proven technology to properly diagnose individual patients, personalized medicine is very young and has a long way to go. Personalized medicine or medical treatment that is unique to the individual definitely has it advantages. Some of those advantages are the ability to make more informed medical decisions, earlier disease intervention. Laberge and Burke (2008) describe personalized medicine as health care that is tailored to the individual. They go on to say that (Laberge and Burke 2008) recently the term has been used to refer specifically to genetically-based health care. Some of the drawbacks to personalized medicine according to Laberge...
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...Cystic Fibrosis Latisha Long HCS/245 March 26, 2012 Cathy Coyle Cystic Fibrosis In today’s society there are many diseases out there. It is to contract these diseases by coming in contact with a carrier. People who are into sharing dirty needles, having unprotected sex, or not being able to maintain a healthy and clean environment, can become infected with these transferable diseases. There are some diseases out there that you can inherit; one in particular that stands out is Cystic Fibrosis (CF). CF is a life threating disease; there are 1,000 new cases each year. With the new treatments and studies, people are living longer with CF. Before people with CF were only living into the early years of their childhood, and now they are living well past their 30s. CF is an inherited disease that affects the lungs and digestive system. A defective gene and its protein cause the body to produce an abundance of thick sticky mucus in the lungs. The production of this mucus causes the lungs to clog and can lead to life threating infections. CF can also cause the pancreas to obstruct and stop enzymes, which allows the body to absorb and breakdown food. This can cause slow growth and malnutrition in the body, and the sticky mucus can block the airway which makes it difficult to breath causing this disease to be life threatening. People with CF have shorter life expectancy, because of the way CF controls the body. The treatment for CF is improving every day...
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...“Green energy, our planet needs you” The Earth is our home, but it has been contaminated. Scientifics are concern with our planet which is dying everyday. It is our responsibility to take care the planet. The temperature has increased since the middle of the 20th century as a result of increasing concentrations of greenhouse due to human activity. As a consequence of the global warming many ecosystem are affected, has created climate variation, and many health diseases in the population. First of all, global warming has affected many ecosystems .The marine ecosystem is dying, many fishes and mammals that live in the ocean is disappearing due to the high temperature. The arctic is defrosting and the bear polar can not found what to eat. For polar bears to stay alive, they need sea ice. Not to eat the ice itself, of course, but because the animal that represents their main victim item, the ringed close, requires sea ice as its primary habitat for resting. Another ecosystem that is affected is the coral reefs. The coral reefs, which are the filter of the sea, are bleaching. The bunch of bleaching incident that followed kill a fifth of coral communities worldwide. And while many have recovered the global loss is attributed to the mass bleaching stand. At the instant the reefs seem to be recuperating fine, but it's only an issue of time prior to another mass of bleaching. The temperature has demonstrated high level of records since 1980.The increase...
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...The emergence of personalized medicine has helped in the reduction of costs, time, and the rate of failure of pharmaceutical clinical trials, has eliminated trial and error inefficiencies in the diagnosis of diseases, and has aided in the prescription of effective drugs and averted those that pose dangerous side effects to patients. This essay explicates the manner in which genetic technology may contribute to personalized medicine, examples of the benefits of personalized medicine, and drawbacks of personalized medicine. Modern genetic technology has played an instrumental role in leading to personalized medicine. It has led to in depth understanding of the impacts of genetics in a given disease. The understanding of the impacts of the disease has helped in the development of personalized medicine, as practitioners are able to identify the correct prescription for different diseases. Modern genetic technology has also led to personalized medicine by helping practitioners understand the significance of genes in the normal development of human beings. Duke Medicine (2011) points out that these are easily linked with the certain diseases affecting human beings hence the development of personalized medicine. Practitioners are able to identify the different diseases affecting human beings before they get to their worst states with the use of modern genetic technology. Personalized medicine has had numerous benefits on...
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...happening now. In fact, there are many benefits to human cloning such as diminished disease, new possibilities in science, and better wellness. First, what if I said that doctors and scientist have found a way cure or terminate the suffering cause by diseases and cancers? Well the true is it could be done. Through the studies of cloning and techniques that are learn, and we may be able to diminish diseases and eliminate cancers from society. Which can be accomplished is by learning the human genome and later using the cloning techniques to change the genetic code. This type of science is could gene therapy or genetic modification. By just adding or removing parts off genic cade are, immune system could fright off the worst diseases and cancers. Next, numerous of remarkable benefits come from cloning knowledge, and that would open new possibilities in science. One of these possibilities is the treatment for damaged nerves. By injuring cloned nerve cells where damage was due. A second possibility is clone individual organs. This could be a solution to ever growing demand for organ donors. “The regeneration of diseased or damaged tissues and body parts made is made possible by cloning” Finally, with the help of cloning life would be better. It will give an overall better wellness throughout the world. From cloning, a person could have prolonged life for many years to come. With fewer worries about disease one would have less stress. Cloning gives a person the ability to discover new...
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...that technology is advancing too fast to be safe. Other people say that technology helps us and protects us from disasters, diseases and other harmful things we encounter throughout our everyday lives. An example is if we should research the use of stem cells to cure diseases. Stem cells are cells that bring in new cells into the body to repair damaged tissues. Although stem cells may be able to cure diseases, some people believe it is not a good idea. People believe that technology is moving too fast and it is going to end up controlling our lives. A possible outcome of manipulating our genes can be severe side-effects. The risk of using stem cells is that some people may get cancer from receiving the stem cells. Stem cells have the power to change the medical field in many ways. I believe that we should study stem cells to find cures for deadly diseases. Stem cells are able to cure diseases because they have the ability to become any kind of tissue. There are two kinds of stem cells, cells from embryos and cells from adults. Since technology has the power to help people’s lives there is no reason for us not to help them live a better and healthier life. Stem cells have the ability to cure diseases that are not yet cured. Stem cells can cure diseases such as diabetes, cancer, spinal cord injuries and many other illnesses. In diseases like diabetes the cells in a person’s body begin to die off, with stem cells doctors have the sources to get rid of the...
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...Today, I am going to talk about sex preselection, also known as gender selection. This is a technological method for controlling the sex of the offspring to achieve a desired sex. In other words sex preselection gives parents the opportunity to choose their baby’s gender. Here in the Netherlands, choosing the sex of a child is authorized and validated by the Dutch Health Council, but only on medical terms, for example in cases of hereditry (heere-dit-trie) diseases. However, in many countries sex pre-selection is permitted, irrespective whether there is a medical reason or not. So if you could choose the gender of your baby, what would you choose? A boy or a girl? Well, you don’t even have to answer my question, because I do not think, we people have the right to decide on this matter. It is unethical and immoral to do so. Therefore my thesis is the following: Parents should not be able to select their baby’s gender! I will start of giving a number of arguments that supports this thesis. Then I will discuss some arguments that supporters of sex pre-selection give. And I will end with a conclusion. First of all, whether parents had a girl or a boy has always been left up to nature to decide. To date, no-one has dared interfere with the genetic workings of the body, mainly because the technology did not exist to do it. But now, with the dawn of the twenty-first century, that technology has arrived and mankind is faced with the decision: whether or not to “play...
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...the classicstyle of TOMS. Mycoskie quickly set out to reinvent the alpargata for the U.S. market with a simple goal: to showhow together, we can create a better tomorrow by taking compassionate action today. Mycoskie considered sustainability when creating TOMS, in that by starting a business rather than acharity would help his impact last longer. In Mycoskie’s speech at the Second Annual Clinton Global Initiative,he recalled that children without shoes were not only susceptible to health risks, but were also not allowed toattend school. He noted one particular disease, Podoconiosis (also known as “Mossy Foot”), which is a soil-transmitted diseased caused by walking in silica-rich soil and a ects the lymphatic system of the lower legs. esimple solution of shoes, miniaturizes health risks such as this. According to the TOMS Shoes web page, thereare over one billion people at risk for soil-transmitted diseases around the world, and a necessity as simple asshoes can help prevent them. Mycoskie not only places an emphasis on giving shoes, but also educating otherson the importance of wearing...
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...Cancer VS. Diabetes Diabetes and cancer are common diseases with a tremendous impact on health worldwide. These diseases have more differences than similarities, but can have the same outcome if not taken care of properly. There is evidence that says people with diabetes are at a greater risk for many forms of cancer. Studies show that some medications used to treat diabetes are associated with increased or a reduced risk of cancer. The mortality rate of each has increased in recent years, but with proper diet and a healthy lifestyle, these diseases can sometimes be controlled. Diabetes and cancer have the same risk factors which include age, gender, race, obesity, lack of exercise, smoking and alcohol. You should lose weight and eat healthy if you are at risk for either of these two diseases. For your diet, incorporating fruits and vegetables is a step in the right direction. So far, there is no real cure for diabetes, but with regular medical care and taking care of yourself, you can manage your diabetes; reducing considerably, the risk of serious complications such as heart disease and stroke. Treatment for diabetes varies depending on what type of diabetes you have. Managing all forms of diabetes include regular monitoring of blood sugar levels; eating a well-balanced, healthy diet, and following a regular exercise program. Insulin is the most common diabetes drug. It can be injected or taken orally. Beyond medications...
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...Economic Issues Simulation Mary Mulanax HCS/440 November 14, 2011 University of Phoenix Richard Harley Smith Economic Issues Simulation I am Mary Mulanax I am the Vice President, Strategy and Financial Planning at Castor Collins. My duties include pricing plans and setting insurance premiums for our potential clients. Castor Collins was approached by two companies looking for employer insurance and both companies have a set rate their employees are able to pay for premiums since both groups will have to pay for his or her own insurance (Axia College, 2006). The first company is Constructit that consist of 1,000 people and E-Editors that consist of 1,600 people. It is up to my team to come up with a plan the meets Constructit $4,000 max on premium and E-editors max of $4,500 premium(Axia College, 2006). Our task is to keep revenue maximized and risk to a minimum by choosing one of our three plans, which are Castor Standard, Castor Enhanced and our customized plan called Castor Enhanced Minor to suit Constructit the company I have chosen. Demographics of Constructit Constructit consist of 550 men between the ages of 26 to 45 and 450 women between the ages of 26 to 42. At Constructit 32% of the workforce’s duties involve excessive physical activities. This can cause some health risk with these employees. Whereas 25% of the workforce’s duties involve modest physical activities and the remaining 43% of the workforce’s duties involve inactive activities (Axia College, 2006)...
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