LITERATURE REVIEW
Every child must be protected against all forms of exploitation, indecent or degrading treatment, including child labour, abduction and sale (UNICEF 2000). According to UNICEF, exploiting the labour of a child means employing a person below the age of 15 years and paying him/her less than the minimum standard wage.
Olafsen, Corwin and Summit (1993) have argued that cycles of awareness followed by suppression have typified society's response to child sexual abuse. Arguably, this has been society's response to all forms of child abuse and neglect of children they also expressed that mass media education and prevention campaigns present one means of breaking cycles of suppression and denial. The media have played a key role in periodically placing the issue of child abuse on the public agenda

The International Labour Organization estimates there are 246 million working children aged between five and seventeen worldwide(Anti-slavery International 2002). At least 179million are estimated to work in the worst form of child labour – one out of the world’s five to seventeen years old. According to the ILO (2006),111 million children under 15 are in hazardous work and should be immediately withdrawn from this work.
ILO (1996:12) states that approximately130,000 children work in India’s hand-knotted carpet industry, 80% of whom are located in Uttar Pradesh, the country’s most populous state (over140 million people) and the centre of the rug industry. ILO described the working conditions as often poor, involving long hours sitting in one position, breathing cotton and wool fibres, eye-strain from doing very fine work and poor lightening. Shocking doesn’t go half the way to describing it. Children, from toddlers to teenagers, are sitting in the dust, in overpowering heat, working. There is no shade or shelter. Each child has a pile of rocks and is breaking them into stones with a gnarled, makeshift hammer made from a wooden stick and piece of metal stuck on the end.
Wheat (2002) expressed shock at the hard work children do in some parts of Ghana. She visited a quarry worked by children and their mothers. According to her, there, she witnessed children and adults working in some of the hardest conditions imaginable.
Wheats(2002) stated that “it has been observed that children stand a great risk of workplace violence”. ILO (2006: 31)states that in a world where workplace violence is on the rise, children are the most vulnerable.
Wurtele and Miller-Perrin (1993) have observed, media coverage of child sexual assault has contributed to demystifying and reducing the secrecy that has characteristically surrounded its occurrence. Similarly, a review of the literature on mass media campaigns reveals many examples of campaigns impacting on public knowledge about issues such as work safety, drug and alcohol use, drink-driving, speeding, cigarette smoking, obesity, AIDS, and domestic violence. Attitudinal and/or behavioural change may also occur during campaigns, although this result may be short-lived, lapsing when campaigns end (Reger, Wootan and Booth-Butterfield 2000; Freimuth, Cole and Kirby 2001).
According to ILO, little hard data is available but evidence points toward an increase in the phenomenon, both in industrialized and developing countries. Thus, according to a United
Nations study, while many of the world’s more than 200 million child labourers experience systematic violence, some 100 million legally employed adolescents are also affected (www. violencestudy.org). The study identified the most common forms of violence against children in theworkplace as physical, psychological, verbal or sexual (ILO 2006: 31).
It has been suggested that child labour should be replaced with education. Worldwide, the link between improving access to education and ending child labour are increasingly recognized
(ILO 2009). ILO made reference to a circus school on the coast of Morocco, an innovative community effort among many to get children out of work and into school.

REFERENCE

Anti-Slavery International 2002. From (Retrieved on May 13, 2002)
Edu DO, Edu GO 1999. Child Abuse in Nigeria: Its Impact on Child Development. A paper presented at the First zonal Conference of the National Association of Women Academics at the University of Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria, March 29-31.
Gender Equality at the Heart of Decent Work Campaign 2008-2009. From
International Labour Organization 1996. Child Labour: Refuting “Nimble Fingers” Argument. World of Work, No. 7: 12.
International Labour Organization 2006. The Hidden Shame of Child Labour: Violence against Children at Work. World of Work, No. 58: 32.
Labour: Violence Against Children at Work. NY: United Nations. From www.violencestudy.org. UNICEF 2000. Nigeria and the Convention on the Rightsof the Child. Lagos: UNICEF Country Office.
Wheat S 2002. Between a Rock and a Hard Place.Development (Third Quarter): 14-18.