...University of Phoenix Material APA Divisions Worksheet Complete the following chart using the Dvisions section on the American Psychological Association website: www.apa.org. Choose five different divisions of psychology in which you are interested. Include an explanation of each division as well as three possible careers. After completing the chart, respond to the question below. |Divisions |Explanation of Division (50-75 words) |Possible Careers | |Trauma Psychology |Trauma Psychology Division provides information |1. Mental Health Centers | | |on scientific research, education for |2. VA | | |professionals and individuals for research and |3. Hospital | | |is also a reliable source for professional | | | |support amogunst peers. This division was | | | |established in 2006, and it continues to grow | | | |providing more education and awareness. A trauma| ...
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...Environmental Psychology Article Analysis Introduction to Article Analysis For the majority of the human population there has been an event or events that possibly produced an occurrence that had a large impact upon the persons’ overall perception and ability to function regularly. In some instances individuals are able to overcome the occurrence or event, but for some such events can trigger a potent impact that can create an eruption in their cognitive response, when this occurs it is usually diagnosed as being Post Traumatic Stress Disorder or PTSD. The following brief analysis was written from context to an article titled “Ecological Analysis of Early Adolescents’ Stress Responses to 9/11 in Washington, DC Area. The following analysis of the article in mention will include a brief description of the article and its contents as well as the 9/11 events. Lastly, a discussion on some of the influences that this specific event may or may not have had on the field of environmental psychology will be briefly looked into. Summarization of Article September 11, 2001 was a day that will be remembered here in America for many centuries to come. On that horrific day back in 2001 terrorists’ high jacked multiple airlines and began their rain of terror upon the U.S. Some of the planes were flown directly into the twin towers in New York City, while others were flown directly towards our nations capitol in Washington DC. Many individuals were greatly affected...
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...SCREENING FOR TRAUMATIC EXPOSURE AND PSYCHOLOGICAL DISTRESS AMONG WAR-AFFECTED ADOLESCENTS IN POST-CONFLICT NORTHERN UGANDA Introduction This research journal conducted by John D. McMullen, Paul S. O’Callaghan, Justin A. Richard, John G. Eakin and Harry Rafferty is to measure the effect after 4 years end of war in northern Uganda on the prevalence and consider of mental health of children and adolescent. During the war against insurgent (Lord’s resistance army), a large number of children and adolescent are been a victims on extreme war violent and they are reach for traumatic experience same affected by adult. The psychological distress is the serious impact for them and almost of which directly involved in war found for Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) dispute for longer duration after war when they recall back the bad memories on their horrific moments on the war. Some of them been abducted and recruited as soldiers and some of girls forced to involved in non-combat role and being subjected to sexual violent. They are continuously exposed to atrocities which influence them to suffering with psychology disorder. Summary The conflict in northern Uganda is most tragic conflict with the death victims reach a numbers of 1000 per weeks. A children and adolescent is affected group which up to 60000 of them recruited as soldiers and some being sexual violent with almost of them suffer with post-traumatic stress symptom. Significantly, most of them effected due exposed...
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...Pakistan Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology 2012, Vol. 10, No, 1, 10-16 Emotional Behaviour and Academic Achievement in Middle School Children Nazar Hussain Soomro and Jane Clarbour Department of Psychology, University of York, USA The present study investigates the relationship between emotional behaviour and academic achievement in middle school children in Hyderabad, Pakistan. One hundred and forty-six students of grade 8 completed the Emotional Behavioural Scale for Pakistani Adolescents (EBS-PA; Soomro, 2010), and rendered measures of their social anxiety, malevolent aggression, and social self-esteem scores. These measures cumulatively represented emotional behaviour in these children, based upon Clarbour and Roger‟s (2004) model of emotional style, on which the EBS-PA scale is based. We then ascertained academic grades of these students from their school records and ran correlation between academic achievement (grades) and emotional behaviour measures. Results revealed academic achievement to be negatively associated with malevolent aggression, but positively related to social self-esteem. In addition, mediator analysis indicated social self-esteem to partially mediate the relationship between malevolent aggression and academic achievement. Keywords: emotional behaviour, academic achievement, adolescents, Pakistani There is robust evidence that emotional and behavioural problems are related with academic difficulties (Arnold, 1997; Hinshaw, 1992). These associations...
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...psychoanalysis and together they turned it into one of the most widely used methods of psychology. The mutual interest in psychoanalysis brought father and daughter together and formed a close bond between them. Sigmund stated in his book “The Interpretation of Dreams” that, “Annerl had a masculine appetite and aggression, and is beautiful with naughtiness” (Hernandaz, 2008). When Anna was around seventeen years old, she took a two year vacation in which she stayed in Vienna with her grandmother. At the time, Anna was suffering from an illness that was then called, “it”, but can be safely labeled as depression (Hernandaz, 2008). While on vacation, Sigmund wrote to his daughter often and offered advice on how to overcome the “it” she was suffering from. Half way through the vacation however, Anna received a letter from Sigmund stating she was not invited to her sister Sophie’s wedding and subsequently, Anna was once again overtaken with depression. After her two year stay in Vienna, Anna, "...worked as an elementary school teacher and began translating some of her father's works into German, increasing her interest in child psychology and psychoanalysis.” (Hernandaz, 2008). While she was teaching at the Cottage Lyceum, one of the students wrote, “This young lady had far more control over us than the older aunties,” (Jewish women's archive, 2005) This small and seemingly insignificant statement made by a child...
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...TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Definition of adolescence and adolescent depression 2 2. Adolescent depressive symptoms 4 3. Problems with diagnosis of depression in adolescents 4 4. Gender factors that may play a role in assessing depression 6 5. Contextual factors that may play a role in assessing depression 8 6. Suicide 9 ‘Like anyone else, I have always had times when I felt deeply depressed, but this was something altogether new in my experience – a despairing, unchanging paralysis of the spirit beyond anything I had ever known or imagined could exist.’ The author William Styron (1990). (Kring, Johnson, Davison & Neale 2012:132) 1. Definition of adolescence and adolescent depression Adolescence is the period of development marked at the beginning by the onset of puberty and at the end by the attainment of physiological or psychological maturity (Reber, Allen & Reber 2009). It is a period of transition from childhood into adulthood, involving changes in physical development, cognitive abilities, emotional adjustment and self esteem. Adolescence is a time of acute stress. It is a period of social sorting and identity formation. Erikson described development that occurs throughout the lifespan in his theory of psychosocial development. During the adolescent period, which Erikson called ‘Identity vs Role confusion’, adolescents need to develop a sense of self and personal identity...
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...| The effect of sleep on the psychology and development of children and adolescents. | | | nj26 | | Contents INTRODUCTION 3 Why Is Sleep Relevant to Psychology? 4 What Is Sleep and Why Is It Important 4 Sleep Regulation 4 The Impact of Sleep on Daytime Functioning 5 Sleep deprivation impairs learning and memory. 5 Sleep deprivation impairs academic success and neurobehavioral functioning. 5 Sleep deprivation impairs emotional regulation. 5 Sleep deprivation impairs health. 5 Sleep deprivation impairs adolescents’ driving ability. 6 Sleep Behaviour Across Development 6 New-borns and Infants (0 to 12 months) 7 Developmental changes in sleep. 7 Behavioural and psychological factors affecting sleep behaviour. 7 Early Childhood (12 Months to 6 Years of Age) 7 Developmental changes in sleep. 7 Behavioural and psychological factors affecting sleep behaviour. 7 School-Age Years 8 Developmental changes in sleep. 8 Behavioural and psychological factors affecting sleep behaviour. 8 Adolescence 8 Behavioural and psychological factors affecting sleep behaviour. 9 Further studies regarding the effect of sleep on the development and psychology of children and adolescents. 9 Sleep and the Body Mass Index and Overweight Status of Children and Adolescents 9 Sleepless in Chicago: Tracking the Effects of Adolescent Sleep Loss During the Middle School Years 10 Sleep, Learning, and the Developing Brain: Early-to-Bed as a Healthy and...
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...Erik Erikson Author’s Name: Instructor’s Name: Institutional Affiliation: Course Details: Date of Submission: Erik Erikson Introduction Erik Erikson was a rare psychologist who created an eight-step model outlining the different steps in development psychology in the growth of an ordinary human being from birth to old age. His specific insights concerning human mental processes would affect the way people reacted to children and foment a deep interest in studies in human psychology. Though other psychologists have improved on Erikson’s initial findings, original findings retain a lot of significance. There is need to research and study Erikson’s work with particular interest in his explanation of the ‘adolescent stage’ Erikson’s Contribution Freud’s views about the nature and construction of the human personality significantly influenced Erik Erikson’s understanding of humanity. There was a considerable difference between the two men: whereas Erikson was an ego psychologist, Freud was an ID psychologist. Erikson stressed on the functions of society and culture and the divergences that can occur within the ego itself while Freud highlighted the conflict between the superego and ID. At all psychosexual phases, Erikson observed that the person grows in three levels concurrently: social, biological, and psychological, which represent the person, his or her connection to society, and individualism. His work was a lifetime representation of human development...
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...The Free Online Dictionary defines Insights as “the capacity to discern the true nature of a situation” Currently; in the Caribbean we are facing an economic down turn that is unlike the Great Depression of the 1900’s. It is also seen throughout the United States as well as North America where the unemployment rates are at very high. The economy’s struggling state has left us all seeking for solutions. In the cases of such economic dire straits, the people who are likely to suffer are the poor, the homeless and maybe even some low middle class families as well. Here in the Caribbean, the government have been applying cuts through out a number of departments as well as a number of services that were being offered to the members of our community. It appears that our mental health services drew the shortest straw. Ironically, it appears that due to our economic down turn mental health issues are on the rise. These services are being eliminated or decreased at a time when the issues are more prevalent than ever and very much needed. The Department of Health is understaffed, overwhelmed and in dire need of equipment to provide adequate care for our community as a whole much less those in need of mental health services. Our Mental Health services are dormant and our government is incapable of handling the number of cases of mentally ill patients visible and undiagnosed around the community. Consequently, one must look towards the private sector for help in this matter. There...
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...Developmental Psychology 2006, Vol. 42, No. 3, 391–394 Copyright 2006 by the American Psychological Association 0012-1649/06/$12.00 DOI: 10.1037/0012-1649.42.3.391 Children, Adolescents, and the Internet: A New Field of Inquiry in Developmental Psychology Patricia Greenfield Zheng Yan University of California, Los Angeles University at Albany, State University of New York With this special section on children, adolescents, and the Internet, we survey the state of a new field of enquiry in developmental psychology. This field is important because developmentalists need to understand how children and adolescents live in a new, massive, and complex virtual universe, even as they carry on their lives in the real world. We have selected six empirical articles to showcase various aspects of child and adolescent development in this virtual universe. These articles reflect three major themes of this new field: the Internet. Encompassing the broad areas of cognitive and social development, these articles address a number of different specific developmental functions. Yan analyzes the factors influencing the development of an understanding of the Internet in both its technical and social dimensions. Jackson et al. demonstrate the positive impact of home Internet access on the reading achievement of low-income, mostly African American children. In the arena of social development, articles deal with five important foci of adolescent development: identity (Subrahmanyam et al.); self-worth...
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...Comparisons of Childhood Depression Measures Depressive disorders are now recognized as a relatively prevalent problem in adolescents as it is one of the causes of morbidity and mortality in this age group (Birmaher, et al., 1996). Thus initial detection of depression should be as early as possible in order to mitigate the impact of the disorder in an individual’s life by positively amending the long-term course of depression. Current research of depression in adolescents have introduced various assessment tools in diagnosing the disorder in children and adolescents. However, determining the most appropriate measure of depression involves several considerations rather than merely selecting one as a test that lacks compatibility in its reliability and validity may result to a false positive or false negative diagnosis (Reynolds & Mazza, 1998). This paper aims to draw on three self-report assessments for depression in adolescents, naming the Child Depression Inventory (CDI), Beck’s Depression Inventory 2nd Edition (BDI-II) and Reynold’s Adolescents Depression Scale (RADS) in reviewing, comparing and contrasting their psychometric properties. Conclusion on the most appropriate assessment for depression in adolescents will be drawn. Children’s Depression Inventory (CDI) CDI was originally adapted from Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) by altering its format and language, to measure severity of depression in children age 7 and older (Brooks & Kutcher, 2001). CDI...
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...| | |The effect of sleep on the psychology and development of children and adolescents. | | | | | | | | | Contents INTRODUCTION 3 Why Is Sleep Relevant to Psychology? 4 What Is Sleep and Why Is It Important 4 Sleep Regulation 4 The Impact of Sleep on Daytime Functioning 5 Sleep deprivation impairs learning and memory. 5 Sleep deprivation impairs academic success and neurobehavioral functioning. 5 Sleep deprivation impairs emotional regulation. 5 Sleep deprivation impairs health. 5 Sleep deprivation impairs adolescents’ driving ability. 6 Sleep Behaviour Across Development 6 New-borns and Infants (0 to 12 months) 7 Developmental changes in sleep. 7 Behavioural and psychological factors affecting...
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...the assessment of depression in adolescents, taking into account gender and contextual factors. TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION 2. MOOD DISORDERS 3.1 Major depressive Disorder (MDD) 3.2 Dysthymic disorder 3.3 Bipolar I 3.4 Bipolar II 3.5 Cyclothymic disorder 3. Clinical description and prevalence of depression in childhood and adolescents 4. Symptoms and diagnosis in childhood and adolescents 4.1 Diagnostic problems 4.2 Developmental problems 4.3 Family factors 5. Treatment of childhood and adolescent depression 6. Conclusion 7. References REFERENCES Barlow, D.H., & Durand, V.M. (2009). Abnormal Psychology: An integrative Approach ( 5th Ed.). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth. Barlow, D.H., & Durand, V.M. (2012). Abnormal Psychology: An integrative Approach ( 6th Ed.). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth. Crowe, M., Ward, N., Dunnachie,B., & Roberts, M. (2006).Characteristics of adolescent depression. International Journal of mental Health Nursing, 15, 10-18. Han, W.J.,& Miller, D.P.(2009). Parental work schedules and adolescent depression. Health sociology Review, 18, 36-49 Kring, A.M,. Johnson, S.L., Davison, G.C. & Neale, J.M.(2013). Abnormal psychology (12th ed.). Singapore: Wiley and Sons. Kronenberger, W.G. & Meyer, R.G.(2001). The child clinician’s handbook (2nd Ed.). Boston, M.A: Allyn and Bacon. Mash, E.J.,& Wolfe, D.A. (2013). Abnormal Psychology (5th Ed.).Belmont : Wadsworth. Nevid...
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...Tammy Mierop Theories of the Developing Child PSY 104: Child and Adolescent Development Instructor: Julie Hacker December 6, 2010 Theories of the Developing Child The world in which we live is a very diverse place. Each person was created in a unique way and there is no one person that is just like another. It is this reason that creates the diverse way of thinking that we see. There have been great thinkers who have created theories on every subject one could imagine. A theory is a “coherent set of logically related concepts that seek to organize, explain, and predict data” (Papalia et al, 2008, G-7). Theories tend to fall into categories known as perspectives (Papalia et al, 2008, p27). Each perspective then focuses on something more specific (Papalia et al, 2008P27). In the field of children and their development, the trend has been the same. Men like Erik Erikson, Jean Piaget, Ivan Pavlov, Albert Bandura, and B. F. Skinner are just a few people who have paved the road for research and the interpretation of such. There are some differences in theories that have not been proven right or wrong. People such as Pavlov, Skinner, Erikson, Bandura, and Piaget believe that all development happens in distinct stages. However, learning and information-processing theorists believe that development is a continual uphill climb. Among these theories there are five major perspectives on child development: (1) Psychoanalytic, which focuses on unconscious emotions and drives;...
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...Preventive Maintenance for the pre-adolescent Kyle Nichols Eastern Washington University Abstract This research proposal is a study to look at the preventive maintenance in pre-adolescent girls, before they reach puberty. This is a longitudinal study designed to research how preventive maintenance can help lower anxiety and depression in adolescence. This is an ongoing investigation with other research that has implemented other types of intervention models for depression. However, the focus of this study is to help young girls in discovering their true identity when reaching a period in their life where stress from school, social pressure and media have an effect on their way of thinking. Introduction There is a significant difference in depression in adolescent girls compared to that in boys. A lot of research has been developed to find reasons which may explain the increased rate of depression, but very little research has been done on the preventive side to help adolescents in dealing with stress and anxiety. The reason for this research is to help facilitate a better way of coping and managing a young person’s stress and anxiety; by helping minister better alternatives to solutions that they may not be fully aware of. The groups which will be examined are pre-adolescents girls, ages 8 to 11, more specifically the 4th and 6th grade level. Proposal Earlier studies concluded that young girls experience more anxiety/depression then boys around the ages of 13 to...
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