... psychological, social and even financial part of their lives. Because the rate of sexual violence continues to increase, researchers study the side effects extensively. Adverse effects of sexual violence are individualized and very diverse, leaving victims with a broad range of impacts. This paper will define what sexual trauma is and the devastating effects it can leave on the lives of the survivors. It will cover different variables such as the psychological impact of the immediate, short term and long term as well as the physical, social, and financial effects of childhood and adult sexual trauma. This paper will hope to promote further discussions on the effects of sexual trauma left on the lives of the victim as to help any individuals and organizations that might work with the victims of such violent acts. The analysis of this report would aim to support individuals working with victims in the recovery process of sexual trauma from family support, spiritual support, and the counseling process. Understanding the Effects of Sexual Trauma According to Basile & Saltzman, (2002), the definition of sexual violence was developed by U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The definition as stated in the Sexual Violence Surveillance Uniform Definitions And Recommended Data Elements is “sexual violence includes completed or attempted penetration of the genital opening or anus by the penis, a hand, a finger, or any other object, or penetration of the mouth...
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...developed the mechanisms that ensure none of their youth will be sexually abused. Child sexual abuse is, sadly, an international problem of great magnitude that can affect children of all ages, sexes, races, ethnicities, and socioeconomic classes. Upon invitation, this current publication aims at providing a brief overview of a few lessons we have learned from child sexual abuse research as to heighten awareness of mental health professionals on this utmost important and widespread social problem. This overview will focus on different kinds of sexual abuse throughout my paper. Keywords: Child sexual abuse; Review; Prevalence; Mental health outcomes; Prevention Sign up to receive new article alerts from Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental HealthSign up Sexual abuse remains a challenging topic which can be difficult to talk about. Sexual abuse refers to any action that pressures or coerces someone to do something sexually they don't want to do. Sexual abuse can be listed in different categories such as child abuse and rape. Studies show that Florida, Ohio, California and Kentucky have the highest percent of child abuse and rape. There is still a lot we don’t know about the extent of people being abused. Sexual abuse is the most harmful and immoral criminal act, many children have been abused by their close relatives, and most rape victims don’t report that they been rape. Research shows that sexual abuse affects tens of thousands of children and young teens...
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...Derrick L. Jackson Cultural Diversity in Criminal Justice CRJS410 - 1304A - 01 Professor: Samantha Carlo Unit 1 Individual Project 1 July 25, 2013 Abstract Within this paper a report is written for the California Chief Attorney in efforts to support a presentation to the County Commission. Key components of victimology, history of victimology, theories, and differences between criminology and victimology are discussed. The flagstaff of safe houses for abused women and children, along with our nation’s first rape crises center are highlighted. The contribution from our history’s civil rights movement and how it has played a part in the U.S. laws are explained, along with children’s rights groups and the problems child victims face in the criminal justice system. In the conclusion of this paper, readers will be given a path to take in regards to advocacy groups for victims. Before we begin to understand the concept of victimology I feel it is important to first understand the definition of a victim, and the history in which victimology stems from. To be a victim means that you are a person who individually or collectively, has suffered harm, including physical or mental injury, emotional suffering, economic loss or substantial impairment of your fundamental rights, through acts or omissions that are in violation of criminal laws operative within member state, including those laws proscribing criminal abuse of power (UN Declaration 1985 on Basic Principles of Justice for Victims...
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...). These offenders are usually between the ages of eighteen and twelve. Twenty-three percent of the offending juveniles were under the age of the eighteen and roughly 3.7 percent of the juveniles were under the age of twelve. The age at which these crimes seem to peak is fourteen (“VII. Sex Offender Laws,” n.d.). Many of these children don’t know any better. The juvenile sex offenders are often victims themselves. Many were victims of maltreatment, or exposed to pornography, drug addiction, alcoholism, or poor role models. A sad fact is that almost 80 percent of these offenders have, themselves, been sexually abused and they don’t know any better than to do unto others what was done to them. Throughout this paper, the different degrees of sexual assault and sexual offenses will be covered along with the different punishments that accompany them. I...
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...distinct month to be conscious of the frequency of domestic violence. Domestic violence is rampant across the nation. In this paper the subject to identify is the use of cognitive-behavioral practices within the setting of a woman’s shelter; known as “Turning Point.” The shelter mission is to provide programs and resources that enable victims/survivors of domestic violence and sexual assault to regain control of their lives (Turning Point, Inc., n.d.). Population Domestic and sexual violence is a global issue that does not discriminate culturally, socio-economically, race, gender, or age. Turning Point offers programs, shelter, and means for victims of domestic violence and sexual assault. A domestic and sexual violence situation occurs when the abuser and the victim have an association, contrasting a stranger attack. Nearly 25% of surveyed women and 7.6% of surveyed men said that they were raped and/or physically assaulted by a current or former spouse, cohabitating partner, or date at some time in their lifetime. According to these estimates 1.5 million women are raped or physically assaulted by an intimate partner (US Department of Justice, 2000). Programs and Interventions Turning Point provides programs that address the origin of domestic violence and sexual assault. Turning Point offer services and interventions through the following: * 24-Hour Crisis Line-which provides...
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...Crime Prevention CRJ 305 Michelle McMichael Professor Levit September 10, 2013 Crime Prevention “The ultimate goal of crime prevention is to reduce the risk of being a victim.” (SIU, par. 1) “Successful crime prevention efforts will promote a safer community by enhancing the perception of safety and the attitudes and behaviors that help people feel safe.” (SIU, par. 3) Reducing crime must be a community effort. It requires the work of not only law enforcement but also the community itself. Crime prevention programs can be instituted, but until everyone decides to work together on the effort, they can be futile. In this paper I will be discussing the jurisdiction of Oklahoma City, the portion of the criminal justice system my proposal addresses, an analysis of crime statistics in Tallahassee, Florida, San Francisco, California, and Cleveland, Ohio, and how they compare to the national average, what the SARA model and the Problem Analysis Triangle are, the crime prevention strategy I have chosen, my recommendations, and my anticipated outcomes. According to the Lectric Law Library it states that, “the Fourteenth Amendment prohibits the deprivation of liberty or property without due process of law and the Sixth Amendment, which is applicable to the states through the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment, guarantees a criminal defendant a fundamental right to be clearly informed of the nature and cause of the charges against him” (Lectric, n.d) par. 1)...
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...University of Maryland University College Physical, Behavioral, and Emotional Developmental Effects of Child Sexual Abuse Cathy F. Breingan PSYC355, Child Psychology Joann Altiero, Ph.D. April, 2009 It is difficult to believe that it is a sick world out there full of very sick and vile people. Not only is it bad enough that adults cannot even feel safe anymore out there in the world but the children are just as vulnerable—they are more vulnerable and at risk in more ways than one. One of those vulnerability and risk is child abuse. There are different types of child abuse. They are child neglect, physical abuse, emotional abuse, and the focus of this paper, child sexual abuse. The Darkness to Light Organization “defines child sexual abuse in four distinct ways: (1) Any sexual act between an adult and a minor or between two minors when one exerts power over the other; (2) Forcing, coercing or persuading a child to engage in any type of sexual act. This, of course, includes sexual contact. It also includes non-contact acts such as exhibitionism, exposure to pornography, voyeurism and communication in a sexual manner by phone or internet; (3) an ongoing and traumatic experience for its victims; and (4) a crime punishable by law” (cited in Dove & Miller, 2007). With sexual abuse come negative effects and developmental issues that can carry through adulthood. These effects will haunt the victims for the rest...
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...growing crime against females in college institutions. However, because there are widespread false impressions among all college students that acquaintance rape does not exist, is not “really rape” or is not a serious crime, many believe that it is not as traumatic to the victim as rape by someone unknown to them. These erroneous beliefs often leave the victims of acquaintance rape more devastated than the rape action itself. The purpose of this paper is to examine the facts surrounding female acquaintance rape on college campuses and the role that crisis intervention techniques play in the recovery from an experience that many experts describe as crippling. The Impact of Acquaintance Rape for Female College Students Every two minutes someone in the United States is raped, and the chance of the victim being a female college student is four times greater than that of any other demographic (Burnett et al., 2009). Research and documentation confirms that college campuses are hotbed environments for rape, and that sexual assault is a considerable problem. In fact, a study conducted by Fisher, Cullen and Turner (2000) found that 1 in every 36 female college students were the victim of an attempted or completed rape act within one academic school year. Another...
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...the public is sex offenders’ return to the community from incarceration. This is mostly attributed to the harm caused to victims and society when these individuals re-engage in similar or worse forms of crime. In the year 2006, the Congress enacted the Adam Walsh Child Protection and Safety Act which required that state sex offender registry be created and data collected from every state sent to a national database. The aim of this initiative was to provide important information to authorities as well as help protect members of the public and children to be specific who were often victims of sexual assault. This law has had its ups and down, for instance,...
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...Based Paper Jennifer Rabago University of Central Florida Introduction This paper includes an annotated bibliography whether there is a link between child sexual abuse and later sexual exploitation and reviews the literature on prevention strategies and effective interventions in child sexual abuse services. It shows that children are sexually exploited in other ways through the Internet. It focuses on Barnardo's response to the problem of sexual exploitation and sets it in both a historical and a contemporary context. It provides factors that influence police conceptualizations of girls involved in prostitution in six U.S. cities and if the children are sexual exploitation victims or delinquents. It explains that sexually exploited children are vulnerable to this type of abuse. It explains that sexual exploitation of children (CSEC) as one of the most destructive forms of child abuse. It explains the international sexual trafficking of women and children. It includes data on the amount of women and children that are being trafficked and experiencing sexual exploitation. It includes a dissertation that includes an empirical study and a quantitative study. This study is the first of its kind to describe a sample of commercially, sexually exploited children in foster care. Empirical Peer Reviewed Articles Barnitz, Laura. (2001). Effectively responding to the commercial sexual exploitation of children: A comprehensive approach to prevention, protection...
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...DO NOT PLAGARIZE TUTORIAL ONLY. Program Planning and Evaluation Paper HSM/270 February 5, 2012 Program Planning and Evaluation Paper There are so many different human service organizations around the country today, that it may be difficult to see the commonalities and or differences within each, I myself have this issue yet I believe that the commonalities are what includes many agencies to be human service agencies and the differences are what makes up the plethora of agencies still considered human service branches. The Human service agency I chose to work with this block is the Peace Domestic Violence Agency, I am pulled towards this agency because I can see not only does this help abused spouses in a relationship but also children who are most often times the unseen victim. an agency such as this opens up the spectrum for so many that may need to be reached, and on many different levels from basic needs to counseling, from children's delicate needs to protection of a whole family when necessary. let's take these proven statistics as an example[ Every 9 seconds in the US a woman is assaulted or beaten, and Studies suggest that up to 10 million children witness some form of domestic violence annually.] ("domestic violence statistics," 2012) these statistics are very powerful, and eye opening. let's begin by establishing the mission of the peace domestic violence agency, which is [to reduce victim trauma, empower survivors, and promote recovery through direct...
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...Bibliography | Course name and num: | Domestic Violence: Annotated Bibliography | American Bar Association (ABA), (2003), “American Bar Association Commission on Domestic Violence.” Retrieved from: http://www.abanet.org/domviol/stats.html This specific reference is employed to enhance the legal consideration of the topic that is domestic violence. The mission of that specific body is to enhance the access to the justice regarding the victims of the violence like domestic violence, sexual violence, along with stalking relative to the legal profession. The authority states many of the information on the literature relating to seductive companion assault revolve all around the technique of prevention as well as causation. To start with, with regards to the problem connected with girls as offenders connected with seductive companion assault, this literature discussed ways in which these girls end up in that place. One locating displays any path leading through victimization for you to incarceration. The reference is aligned with the study under discussion for the reason that it specifically deals with the issue of domestic violence and provide handful of knowledge regarding that particular issue from a broader perspective. Arbetman, P. Lee, McMahon, T. Edward, Edward L. O’Brien., (1994), “Street Law: A Course in Practical Law”, 5th Edition. West Publishing Company. Street Law: A Course in Practical Law is the premier-law associated knowledge textual content coming from Avenue Regulation...
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...Assignment 1 Identify the topic you selected and explain two reasons for using it and include thesis statement: Juveniles and the justice system is the topic chosen for my research paper. According to the FBI “Juveniles (< 18 years) were arrested for murder, 2,198 for forcible rape, and 35,001 for aggravated assault,” these are all actions that sound horrible and reap even more horrible consequences. “When juvenile cases get transferred to adult criminal court through a process called a ‘waiver’—when a judge waives the protections that juvenile court provides” (Kathleen Michon, 2016). Usually, juvenile cases that are subject to waiver involve more serious crimes, or minors who have been in trouble before. Ever since more states have begun trying juveniles as adults in certain situations, the crime rate among juveniles has dropped significantly. Thesis statement: The frequency of juveniles committing horrendous crimes has been on a steady rise for the past couple of decades and even though fewer varieties of punishments, juveniles should be tried as an adult because it would deter and minimize crimes committed by minors and brings justice to the victims. Describe 3 major characteristics of your audience: My intended audience will include my professor and classmates, lawmakers, judges, prosecutors, lawyers, and parents. I will try to persuade readers to agree with my stand on juveniles and violent crimes and why I feel so strongly that juveniles should be tried as an adult...
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...‘’Rape’’ a social problem that continues to occur daily and is seldom reported, the rape of a women and children is a violent and alarmingly common crime, often committed by men the victims know and trust A rapist can come from any race, social class or environment. For many years South Africa has been considered the rape capital of the world, some analysis’s tend to blame this scourge on our countries history of apartheid and violence. Over the years the precise definition of rape has varied and thus there is no single agreed definition of rape. In 2012, the FBI changed their definition from "The carnal knowledge of a female forcibly and against her will." to "The penetration, no matter how slight, of the vagina or anus with any body part or object or by oral penetration by a sex organ of another person, without the consent of the victim." The new South African law around rape came into effect in December 2007. This law is called the Sexual Offences and Related Matters Amendment Act, No. 32 of 2007 and considers that males too can be victims of rape. Rape is an act of Sexual Penetration of a victim, without their consent. Rape occurs when * Someone inserts their genital organs into the mouth, anus or genital organs of a victim * Any part of someone’s body, such as a finger, goes into the anus or genital organs of the victim * Any object, like a stick or a bottle is put into the anus or genital organs of the victim * The genital organs of an animal are put...
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...What is Victimology? Tysheena Draten American InterContinental University March 25, 2012 CRJS 310-1202A-01 Abstract In this paper, the writer gives the definition of victimology along with its history and how it was developed. The writer also explains how it is different from criminology, sociology, and psychology. The writer also discusses who established the first safe houses for battered women as well as where and when those safe houses were established. The writer then goes on to tell who established the first rape crisis centers as well as when and where they were established. Next, the writer discusses how the civil rights movement contributed to anti-discrimination efforts and the establishment of hate crime legislation and policy. The writer also tells the role children’s rights groups have played in highlighting the problems child victims face in the criminal justice system. Finally, the writer provide the organizations that an individual can contact if he/she has been victims of domestic violence, sexual assault, child abuse, and homicide along with what services are not provided by government crime compensation programs. What is Victimology? Victimololgy is a sub-discipline of criminology concerned with understanding and explaining the patterning of criminal victimization (Victimology, 2008). Victimology draws together academics, activists, and policymakers from all different type of backgrounds. There are three different types of victimological thoughts...
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