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Child Developement

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Child health is also influenced by parents/guardians because through the choices which are undertaken health is affected. The parent/guardian’s choice to smoke has a negative impact upon children’s health, because it may result in children having breathing problems, chest infections or allergies. The child’s mental health suffers, as 73% of children worry about a parent/guardian who may die due to smoking. From the choices which parents/guardians make, to smoke, children are twice as likely to develop this habit (NHS). The Royal College of Physicians report (RCP), Passive Smoking and Children (2010), confirms that in the UK one of the main causes of infant morbidity and mortality is due to inhaling second hand smoke within the home. Parents/guardians that choose to smoke have an effect on those around them, not only children, but expectant mothers inhaling second hand smoke can cause harm to the unborn child. As proven, effects caused by smoking can result in: miscarriages, stillbirths and neonatal mortalities, furthermore a mothers breast milk quality is reduced (Cortvriend, 2008). Reviewing these facts, The Smoke Control Act (2007) was constructed to assure children, and expectant mothers are less likely to be affected by passive smoking, on the other hand ASH (Action on Smoking and Health) (2011) report comments that this may cause increased smoking within the home, thus impacting negatively on children. The report does question though, as yet that there is no concrete evidence to support this.
In place are many different strategies to support parents/guardians who have made the decision to quit the addiction. Many are aware of the anti-smoking initiatives, supporting organisations are: ASH, smokefree, nicorette support, and smoke free homes.
From an early age it is paramount parent/guardian’s encourage children to eat a healthy diet, because as a child grows many health issues may develop such as: cancer, coronary heart disease, bowel disorders and diabetes relating to obesity. If a child gains a positive start in life with a diet and exercise, mental health issues relating to confidence within society; pressures within families and physical issues are less likely to develop (Smith and Morris, 2011). Within 21st century Britain, from the 1980’s, obesity has trebled, from a survey during 2006, only half of girls and two-thirds of boys, are taking part within sixty minutes of daily physical exercise (MEND programme,2004), influencing Childs’ health as they progress into adulthood, in turn impacting any potential evolving family.
The government introduction of the MEND (Mind, Exercise, Nutrition, Do it) Programme (2004), tried to support families to develop knowledge about eating healthily. Endeavouring to support children from birth to thirteen and the families, providing free sessions to inform ways in which to: eat healthier foods, gain the correct portion sizes and produce different active and physical exercise to carry out. Benefitting children in a positive way, because it helps to support a child’s health and develops knowledge required to become a healthier generation. However families unaware of this programme, results in a barrier to positive health and support.
Parents/guardians have a negative effect on child health, because if smoking, drinking to excess or taking drugs is seen, then the child may follow the same cycle, impacting on the child’s life. However positively, if children see active parents/guardians and receive nutritional meals, then the child’s well-being will be up lifted. Discouraging the use of technology through the promotion of outdoor play by parents/guardians, endorses a healthier lifestyle.
Today’s society portrays outdoor play as a child’s classroom because indoor play is viewed as the way adults teach the children in a controlled environment (Harriman, 2006). Outdoor play is beneficial to children as it covers all areas of development, specifically physical development. Owen (Pound, 2005) influenced settings to encourage outdoor play, at least twice a day. The Health and Safety Executive (HSE) took into account that children require opportunities to learn how to risk take in a safe environment, resulting in the Managing Risk in Play Provision: Implementation Guide (Ball, Gill, Spiegal, 2008), ensuring the safety of children through risk assessments.
To maintain the health and safety of children, government guidelines are in place for outdoor and indoor play. RIDDOR (Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations, 1995) is a form of legislation allocating duties to all employers to report major accidents that result hospital or mortality (HSE, 2011). Recent experience highlighted RIDDOR’s value in protecting childrens health, since any serious child injury is reported to both HSE (Health and Safety Executive) and Ofsted. Thus ensuring settings correctly implement first aid procedures paramount to the health and safety of the child. RoSPA (The royal Society for the Prevention of Accidents, 2011) aims to maintain safety outside settings through education and prevention, reducing injuries and preventing accidents.
Forest schools outdoor learning is different in comparison with maintained schools, because through outdoor play the setting ensures the child’s holistic development is achieved.

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