...reduce poverty, solve poor health, and deal with the lack of education among others. Of the eight millennium development goals, three of these goals are directly related to health. Without significant commitments and dedication from rich and developing nations, these goals will never be met. This paper will capture issues related to MDGs realization especially the realization of reduced child mortality rate in my community in Massachusetts. Achieved MDGs According to World Health Organization (WHO) (2013) several MDG targets have been achieved while others are close to reach. For instance, the fraction of individuals who live in abject poverty has been halved (World Bank 2014). The World Bank notes that the percentage of individuals who subsist on resource below $ 1.25 each day dropped from 47% in the year 1990 to 22% in the year 2010 (Gwatkin,2002 ). In addition two billion people gained access to clean drinking water. Health wise, remarkable gains have been achieved in the fight against tuberculosis and malaria. This is good news to the health sector. Between the year 2000 and 2010 the mortality rates from malaria fell considerably by more than 25%. 1.1 million deaths related to malaria were averted. Between the year 1995 and 2011 a total number of 51 million patients suffering from tuberculosis were successfully treated. This treatment saved 20 million lives (Rechel, Shapo & McKee, 2002). These examples show that some MDGs are almost achieved since the year 2015 is fast...
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...To what extent have the Millennium Development Goals been a success? by Name Presented to: Instructor Course Institution City Date Introduction The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) provide a comprehensive framework through which the society can address pressing issues of poverty. The MDGs are made up of eight major objectives, which are all related to global development. In 2000, 189 world leaders signed a Millennium Declaration. The leaders set 2015 as the deadline for achieving the set MDGs. There has been a mixed result of the progress towards attaining these goals. One of the major achievements has been achieved is that there has been a major reduction of people living in extreme poverty. Accordingly, the proportion of poverty fell to less than one fifth from nearly a third between 1990 and 2004. However, the results are not consistent throughout the world. For instance, the sub-Saharan Africa has not been able to meet any of the set targets. On the contrary, there has been a significant economic growth in some parts of Asia, especially, the Eastern part. The following is a summary of the progress that has been made so far based on the 2007 Millennium Goals Report. Extreme Poverty The percentage of people living in extreme poverty fell to 19% in 2004 from nearly a third in 2004. If this trend can continue for a long time, there is likelihood that the MDG will meet its target of halving those living on less than 1 dollar per day...
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...epidemics have challenged the human population for millennia. The Columbian Exchange, or the trading of disease, food, crops, and ideas between Europe and the Americas beginning in 1492, brought many changes to the societies, politics, and cultures involved. The Columbian Exchange is a two way exchange, commonly posed as a beneficial event to both parties. The Europeans gained trade goods such as silver, cotton, carvassa, and sugar and the Americas were introduced to new food sources, animals, and Christianity. Although the Columbian Exchange may have been beneficial, many negative effects were created that caused an abundance of change to Europe and the Americas. While the Americas faced devastation owing to the exchange, Europe...
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...others relatively low tech and cost effective. In this essay, a number of such factors are discussed. Reducing Child Mortality in the US Through the use of such simple and cost effective measures such as the administration of vaccines, antibiotics and, where need be, nutritional supplements, the number...
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...health will be explored by focussing on child mortality in two countries; Nigeria and UK. This paper will examine the influence of social class, race, culture, gender and age. It will also examine and try to explain the difference in mortality and mortality rates in UK and in Nigeria with the focus on analysing why health is socially determined. For example in Nigeria the life expectancy at birth is 51years whereas in UK is 80 (UNICEF 2010). Infant mortality (death) rate refer to number of children who died before they reaches the age of 1 years per 1000 birth live. Globally, infant mortality has decreased by 35 per cent from 88 per cent death per 1000 live birth to 57 per cent in 2010, The number of children under five of age who died yearly, has declined from more than 12 million death in 1990 to 7.6 million death in 2010, which shown that fewer children who are dying each day are closely to 12,000 than in 1990 according to the figure released by UNICEF and World Health Organisation in September 2011. The major causes of infant mortality rate in the world are respiration distress syndrome this leads to low oxygen absorption, collapsed lungs. Congenital disorder associated to immaturity (premature births), low birth weight ( child weighting less than the average gram) and lack of importance of life I.e. malnutrition, shelter, clear water, poor hospital infrastructure, sanitation, and HIV/AIDS contribute to child mortality (death) in typical population. W.H.O...
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...[Type the company name] Senior-Economics National Development of Third World Countries [Type the company name] Senior-Economics National Development of Third World Countries In this world, the average person in some countries earns more than $40,000/year. In this same rich world, 28 billion people live on less than $700 a year. As a result, 33 thousand children are dying every day in developing countries. Each minute, more than one woman dies during child birth. Hundred million children, most of them girls, are out of school due to poverty. The term ‘Third world’ is a label that describes the states that are considered to have under-developed standards concerning their economy, standards of living, health, education, globalization, or other factors of improvement. They have major common characteristics that are: their capita incomes are low, this poverty leads to shorter life expectancies, higher rates of infant mortality, lower levels of education, and higher levels of population that are engaged in agriculture. Moreover, their exports are from the primary sector and they have low growth rate of income and low levels of productivity. They also have high levels of population growth rate. In addition to one common political situation; most of the third world countries were colonies of the former powers of Europe and Asia. Most of the newly independent countries aimed for two objectives: Development and Independence. In general, development means the enhancement...
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...given in Table 2.1. China and Sri Lanka are far ahead of India in all these parameters. Figure 2.1: Population: India and the world Demographic transition 1947-2007 Demographic transition is a global phenomenon. Demographers recognize four phases of demographic transition. In the first phase improved health care technologies and improved access to health care result in reduction in mortality rates but, birth rate continues to be high and therefore population growth occurs. In the second there is reduction in birth rate but the reduction in death rate is higher than reduction in birth rate, as a result population increases. In the third phase, birth rates and death rates are both low; however population growth continues because of a large number of individuals in the reproductive age group. In the fourth phase the Table 2.1: Some demographic parameters: India and its neighbors Country Life expectancy at birth (years) 2000-05 Under-five mortality rate (per 1000 live births) 1990 2004 Infant mortality rate (per 1000 live births) 1990 2004 Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 2004 China 71 49 31 38 26 51 India 63 123 85 80...
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...Johnathan Melicia Thomas Riddle Eng. 111 July 2, 2015 Free Range Parenting In the article “ There’s Never Been a Safer Time to be a Kid in America,” by Christopher Ingraham, spring folds the spotlight parents are put on about letting their kids have free range while being unsupervised or having to be by their side while the child is wanting to go somewhere just down the road. This has parents contemplating on letting their child be alone even though there really is no reason to be dwelling over the worst that can happen. Marc Elrich, chairman of the Montgomery County Council’s Public Safety Committee, refers to Ingraham by stating “walked more than a mile on his own to school” and baffled that “All of our parents would have been in jail” if there was a problem with letting your kids walk safely down the road. Thus persuading the fact that kids should be able to be unsupervised because it is safer than it used to be; for example, child mortality rates have decreased, abduction rates have dropped, and children pedestrians being struck in traffic had fallen tremendously. The importance of imagery in this article is used to give the audience a sense of direction in order to see Ingraham’s point of view. He gives a clear analogy of how two siblings, 6 and 10, were walking home when they got picked up by the police and detain them in the car for three hours. Ingraham uses the words “searching for you frantically” to give the audience an image of what the parents would be doing...
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...Health Inquiry, Global Health Inequities Introduction: The Millennium Development Goals (or MDG) are a set of 8 goals set by the world’s nations in hope of reducing poverty by 2015. These 8 goals address poverty, education, equality, disease and the environment. Each goal has a targets and indicators we are aiming to achieve by 2015. The purpose of this report is to report on the history, objectives and constitution of the MDG’s and the success and effectiveness of the MDGs. History of MDGs: In the 1990’s the United Nation (UN) member states went through a historically extraordinary UN press conference process. This conference was aimed at building consensus on development priorities for the 21st century. However, at the end of the 1990’s the governments of the conference experienced conference fatigue and feared the process launched by the conferences was losing steam. In September 2000 in New York there was a large gathering of world leaders called the Millennium Summit. This was the largest gathering of world leaders in history including 189 UN member-states. At the Millennium Summit the United Nation Millennium Declaration was adopted as a result of a series of global conferences held during the 1990’s. The UN saw the Millennium Summit as an opportunity to bring back the development of priorities for the 21st century. It was at this Millennium Summit that the Millennium Declaration set in motion a global partnership and was signed by 147 heads of states....
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...Assignment 1 comprises five written response questions. Your response to each of the five questions should be approximately 150 to 250 words. Prepare your responses for all five questions in one document (Microsoft Word or compatible). Each question is worth 15 marks. 1. Are per capita increases in GDP (gross domestic product) a good indicator of economic development? Explain your answer. GDP per capita is often a very lacking indicator of economic development. There are many other factors that affect economic development. The three core values of development are: sustenance, self-esteem, and freedom. While growing GDP and GNI can help attain these, particularly sustenance, it is not enough. Often incomes are not distributed evenly, in both developing and developed nations. Sustenance is basic goods and services, including food, shelter, clothing; the basic needs for survival. GDP can help achieve this but it has less effect on the other two core values. Self-esteem can be described as a feeling of worthiness that a society enjoys when it’s social, political, and economic system and institutions promote human values including respect, dignity, integrity, and self-determination. A large GDP/capita increase was seen in many Middle Eastern countries, yet most of the population was left out of the growth, women are treated as second citizens, and poverty is still wide spread. Freedom is a situation in which a society has a variety of alternatives...
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...The more researchers study on the future of our children and pregnancies, the more technology and studies will expand. There are many factors that can cause problems in pregnancy, but many a health risks are preventable. When you find out your pregnant if you have not done so, contact your doctor. This is to make sure your child during pregnancy is meeting certain standards and maintaining a healthy status. Continue taking your child to the doctor to make sure your infant or child is maintaining a certain range of age, height and weight group. This also makes sure to check to see if your child is healthy. In the end the perfect result in a full- term pregnancy is without interventions, having delivered a healthy baby, and a healthy after period of...
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...Cervical Cancer Caused by Human Papillomavirus Infection in Latin America: A Focus on Populations in Rural Honduras Cervical cancer is the second most common type of cancer affecting women worldwide, but is the most common cause of cancer death in women in developing countries, disproportionally representing 80% of the cervical cancer deaths in women throughout the world (Ferrera et al., 1997; Perkins et al., 2011). More specifically, in 2008, statistics recorded over 80,000 women in Latin America and the Caribbean were diagnosed with cervical cancer, and nearly 36,000 died from the disease (PAHO et al., 2012). This accounts for over 16% (incidence) and over 13% (mortality) of the world’s public health burden due to cervical cancer. These numbers indicate that incidence of cervical cancer in Latin America is among the highest in the world, along with Sub-Saharan Africa and South East Asia (Arrossi et al., 2003). Cervical cancer mortality has remained consistently high in Latin America despite significant health care spending increases due to poor quality services, as well as, limited population coverage, specifically in rural areas (Perkins et al., 2009). Most importantly; however, is that cervical cancer is the most prevalent cause of cancer in women in Honduras and the leading cause of cancer death for Honduran women (Ferrera et al., 1997; Garrett et al., 2013) It is critical to note that many epidemiological studies show that the human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA is detected...
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...organizations, as well as individual governments define and gather relevant statistics that can assess a nations overall health status as compared to that of other nations. In doing so, the comparisons identify countries with high levels of negative health outcomes, how well they are being addressed, and what social, political, and economic factors contribute to such health disparities. South Africa is a nation that has complex health care needs and shortcomings even though it is the second wealthiest nation in Africa. Similar to the United States, with a health care system favoring those of certain ethnicities and social status, many others are left with healthcare that is inaccessible and unaffordable. However, the divide in South America is unlike any other nation. 2011 census data shows the majority of South African’s are African, at 79.2% of the population, colored and white, which make up 8.9%, and Indian and Asian races make up the remaining population at 2.5%. ("South Africa's population," 2014) South Africa is a nation that is infamous for the Apartheid movement that is one of the greatest examples of racial segregation in history. Poverty and inequality created by racial and gender segregation were meant to dismantle the divided social structures with the election of Nelson Mandela’s in 1994. Though the movement made progression relative the state of the affairs prior to his election, enormous gaps in wealth have remained among the black and rural communities relative...
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.... INTRODUCTION Child Marriage is one of the burning problems of Indian society. In India, despite amended laws advocating 18 as the legal minimum age at marriage for females, a substantial proportion i.e. every third adolescent girl in the age group of 15-19 year is married and every second married adolescent girl has given birth to a child. According to the Registrar General of India (RGI) Report (2001) Rajasthan has the highest (40.8) percentage of females ever married among 15-19 year old girls as compared to India (24.9 %) followed by Bihar (39.6 %), Madhya Pradesh (34.1%), Jarkhand (32.9%) and Andhra Pradesh (32.3%). Among the various districts of Rajasthan, Bhilwara is at the top with 61.9 percent. Reflecting the country’s diversity, few women (12%) marry before age 18 in Goa and Himachal Pradesh, while nearly 57 to 61 percent do so in Rajasthan, Jharkhand and Bihar. Differences by area of residence are also stark: 28% in urban areas vs. 53% in rural areas. Yet, there has been a slow trend toward delaying marriage: Nationally, the proportion of women marrying before their 18th birthday declined by five percent from 1993 to 2006 (50% to 45%).NFHS5 Vicious Circle of Girl Child's NeglectHigh MortalityMal NutritionNon-Preference for Girl ChildLow Expenditure on Health Care of GirlsLow Awareness LevelDowry,Child MarriageLow Literacy Level, Low Investment on Girl EducationVictims of OppressionGirls are socialized from the very beginning to accept the culture of male...
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...Safe to Sleep Safe to Sleep Resources Available * Healthy Child Care America http://www.healthychildcare.org * Healthy Kids, Healthy Care: A Parent Friendly tool on Health and Safety Issues in Child Care http://www.healthykids.us * First Candle/SIDS Alliance * http://firstcandle.org * Association of SIDS and Infant Mortality Programs http:www.asip1.org * * Community Resource #2 * National Resource * Web-Based Resource * * Resources Available * Healthy Child Care America http://www.healthychildcare.org * Healthy Kids, Healthy Care: A Parent Friendly tool on Health and Safety Issues in Child Care http://www.healthykids.us * First Candle/SIDS Alliance * http://firstcandle.org * Association of SIDS and Infant Mortality Programs http:www.asip1.org * * Community Resource #2 * National Resource * Web-Based Resource * * From Back to Sleep to Safe to Sleep: Educating parents and caregivers on the prevention of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) and other sleep related causes of infant death (NICHD, 2012) From Back to Sleep to Safe to Sleep: Educating parents and caregivers on the prevention of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) and other sleep related causes of infant death (NICHD, 2012) Sudden Unexpected Infant Death (SUID) Each Year in the United States, Thousands of babies die suddenly and unexpectedly. These...
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