...shows you what your observation paper should look like. Notice how well this student clearly related each infant behavior to some aspect of Piaget’s account of the sensorimotor period: He stated which substage of the sensorimotor period the child probably is in, and tied the notions of assimilation and accommodation to specific infant behaviors. Observation Paper #1 A couple (husband and wife) were sitting on the grass at a music festival with a young male infant, who was probably between 12-18 months old. He sat on his mother's lap with a group of the adult's friends around them. They were sitting together on a blanket with a clearing in the middle for the child to play and move around while they all enjoyed the music and talked to each other. As I was sitting there, I observed the infant's mother hand him a small box of wheat thins which he easily grasped in his hands and held, looking at it for a little while. Then he dropped the box which hit his mother's foot and rustled to the ground. His mother picked the box back up for him and put it back into his hands. He then dropped it again on her foot and it landed again on the ground next to them. According to Piaget the child is in substage 5 of the sensorimotor period. The child is testing the cause and effect of his dropping the box of wheat thins on his mother's foot next to him. He is causing the box to fall, and then watching and studying it as it bounces off her foot and finally rests on the ground (causing a rustling...
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...Everyone from infant to adult have a different attitude towards life and death. We all are aware of death and we know it will eventually come to us all. Death cannot be prevented. Death is an inevitable fact of life. Each individual react to death in their own way which differs from one individual to another according to their age and upbringing. People grieve at any age. The loss of something important to them will follow them throughout their life (Powers, 2007). There are different feeling of everyone towards death and life. The case scenario that has been provided is about 10 years old boy and the way how he influences his thinking towards loss and grief. This essay shows about the developmental factors of a 10 year old child toward death of a parent. The cognitive and psychosocial development factors are also clarified in the script below. Additionally, the developmental stage and response to loss has also been provided in accordance to the 10 years old boy. Cognitive development refers to how a person perceives, thinks, and gains understanding of his or her world through the interaction of genetic and learned factors. Among the areas of cognitive development are information processing, intelligence, reasoning, language development, and memory. French psychologist, Jean Piaget (1896-1980) built a theory with extensive observation of children, including his own, in their natural environments as opposed to the laboratory experiments of the other behaviourists that...
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...Television and Child Development By Gabriel Pitaro For my book report I chose the book Television and Child Development by Judith Van Evra. In her writing Van Evra delves into the increased presence of media and technology amongst children in todays society and the effects it is having on their development. She breaks it down into four different categories, physical, cognitive, social and emotional development. Throughout the book Evra explores the ways in which media actually effects children as well as the other variables that come into play in the development of a child. By doing all of this research her goal is to find ways to maximize technology’s potential for improving development while neutralizing the negative effects as much as possible. Her research spans well beyond television, observing the effects video games, DVDs, cell phones and the Internet have on children as well. Overall I found it to be a very compelling book that had many strong connections to the material we learned in this course. Evra begins her book by reviewing previous findings and theories about psychology and child development. Many of the theories she covers are ones that we have also reviewed in our course. She discusses Bandura and his theory of model behavior as it applies to television. Bandura conducted a study where two groups of children would watch an adult act aggressively towards a doll before being given a chance to interact with the doll themselves. For one group, the adult was...
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...Child Psychology Developmental Transitions Developmental Transitions In the study of child development, adolescence refers to the second decade of the life span, roughly from ages 10 to 20. The word adolescence is Latin in origin, derived from the verb adolescere, which means "to grow into adulthood." In all societies, adolescence is a time of growing up, of moving from the immaturity of childhood into the maturity of adulthood. There is no single event or boundary line that denotes the end of childhood or the beginning of adolescence. Rather, experts think of the passage from childhood into and through adolescence as composed of a set of transitions that unfold gradually and that touch upon many aspects of the individual's behavior, development, and relationships. These transitions are biological, cognitive, social, and emotional (Laurence Steinberg, 2016). While there is much research to be done as to what creates the best environment for young adolescents, understanding their transition from childhood to adulthood may help adults know how to better support them. Children will find their bodies and minds beginning to change. For the young adolescent, these changes either come about too swiftly or too slowly, causing them to become painfully self-conscious about their appearance. Developmental transitions are an important juncture in people’s lives. For adolescents, two important transitions are from childhood to adolescence and from adolescence to adulthood. Let’s explore...
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...Term paper First draft Reflection Of Cartoons On Child Psychology (Based on problem with solution) Submitted to: Submitted by: Farzana Sharmin Pamela Islam (Senior Lecturer of English Department) Date Of Submission 11-02-2012 Content Topic Page # Abstract 3 # Introduction 4 # Methodology 5 # Literature 6 # Findings( only our own view) 7-8 # Limitation ...
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...Psychology Used In Child Rearing Name Course College Tutor November 8, 2013 1.0 Introduction There are various explanations as to why children exude appalling and deviant behaviors that contradict the dominant social norms. The root of these improper tendencies could be traced to family background, personality disposition, child socialization and genetic make up. Research spawned by Tamminen (2006), Shows that early lack of people skills could aggravate violent, rude and arrogant tendencies amongst children later in life. These skills include empathy, impulse control, problem solving, and anger management (Cole & Cole, 2003). In order to combat dissipation and bad behavior in children, parents must device complete long-term programs to teach children social skills and align their characters in accordance with the social norms. Many theories have been hypothesized to postulate why children behave in reprehensible discourteous and uncouth manners. This paper will offer biological, psychological and social explanations as to why children exhibit unexpected behaviors and how their mannerism is related to their parents and family background. There are numerous fundamental assumptions that cut across all psychological theories for explaining abnormal child behavior. To begin with, psychologists believe that the individual with the deviant behavior are responsible for their abnormal acts. Secondly, the individual’s temperament and disposition contributes towards...
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...thought in children, which led him to study psychology. “Over the course of his career in child psychology, he identified four stages of mental development, called “schema.” He also developed new fields of scientific study, including cognitive theory and developmental psychology. He died on September 16, 1980, in Geneva, Switzerland.” (Editors, 2015) The Stages of development and cognitive stages “Piaget believed that children are like "little scientists" and that they actively try to explore and make sense...
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...Child Psychology Exam 3 – Study Guide What will Exam 3 Cover? Exam 3 will cover all lectures and assigned textbook material from Chapters 7 (p257-260), 8, 9, 10 (p 366-367), 11, and 12. There may be some overlap between the concepts from the first parts of this course, as many of the ideas we discussed during infancy are also important during early and middle childhood, but the exam will focus on early and middle childhood. • What are some of the main advances in children’s thinking during early childhood? o Growth of representational skills- one objects stands/represents another ex. Banana as phone • Be able to describe the findings of the various conservation tasks. What do they tell us? o Conservation of number: young children (4-5 yo) don’t understand # of chips is still same b/c now occupy more space; older children understand concept of conservation o Conservation of length; area; mass; displaced liquid: all results are same as number task 4-5 yo unable to understand conservation concept; they think more now when still is same • What does the Judy Deloache model-room study examine? How do children do on this task at different time points in development? o 2 ½ - 3 ½ y.o watched as she hid toy in model room; Results: 2 y.o didn’t know tasks were related and searched larger room at random; 3 y.o searched in same location as model room o Study examines child’s representational skills: ability to recognize that one object stands for another ie. Small model...
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...David Elkind, “The Hurried Child” Averett University Child and Adolescent Psychology ED 502 August 21, 2010 Introduction “Children do not copy what they encounter, but actively construct reality out of their experiences with the environment” (Elkind, 1981, pp 97). Those words were quoted, studied, and believed by Jean Piaget. I am going into my fifth year of teaching and I can agree with Piaget. David Elkind was a follower of Jean Piaget and believed these very same words as well. Elkind is instrumental in explaining the implications of Piaget’s theory for early childhood education both through his writings and films (Bergen, 2008). This paper will explore David Elkind’s beliefs and the affects of his mentor’s theories. David Elkind’s Biography David Elkind was born in Detroit, Michigan, to Peter and Bessie Elkind. His family moved to California when he was an adolescent. He received his Bachelor of Arts from the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) in 1952, and his Doctorate in Philosophy (Ph.D.) from UCLA in 1955 (Doorey, 2010). He also received an honorary Doctorate in Science from Rhode Island College in 1987. Elkind's father operated machinery in a factory that built parts for the automotive industry. Elkind remembered his father complaining about how the engineers who designed the parts did not understand the machinery his father was working with and thus sometimes designed things the machines could not create. This memory stuck with Elkind so he always...
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...and the father are the same, the child will be homozygous and if these alleles are different, the child will be heterozygous. Since Gilbert has inherited a homozygous pair (DD), he will be dark haired. In the same way, since Jan has inherited a homozygous pair for the blond hair (bb), Jan will have blond hair. Out of dark hair and blond hair, the dark hair is the dominant trait. Therefore, all their children will inherit dark hair. 2. Genetic counseling will help couples who have decided to have a child see whether there are any risks of giving birth to a child with genetic disorder. If so, the genetic counselor will assist the couple to choose another option like adopting or surrogacy. First, the genetic counselor will ask for any family history of having mental retardation, psychological defects, physical defects etc. from the couple. Then, he/she will create a family...
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...Have you ever wondered how a child thinks? What goes on inside a child’s brain, what do they think as they play with a new toy for the first time, or learn how to do something new like riding a bike. Children are complex and normally learn at a very quick pace, their brains are like an absorbable sponge during the early years of their young lives. Children may learn on their own, or learn from observing others actions. Although I am not longer considered a child, I plan on turning back time and observe children’s actions to try to learn about how children think, learn and play, whether it is on their own or with other children. By the end of this, I would like to be able, and others who read this to be able to have an idea of how children act when they are influenced by others, and how they act on their own. I will begin by explaining the children I have observed and the area of development I decided to focus on. Instead of only choosing one child to observe, I was lucky enough to know someone that has three children of all the same age to observe. At the age of 14, my good friend Shelby Nastase became a proud sister of triplet brothers, two of the boys are identical, Jake and Andrew, and one is fraternal, Alec. The boys are now at the age of six, each with their own vibrant personalities. Although all boys look very much alike, especially the twins, each has their own mind and personality that would defiantly make them their own individual. During my observations...
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...Bab I Pendahuluan I.A. The Nature of Anxiety Rasa takut merupakan emosi normal individu terhadap ancaman dari lingkungan. Anak usia pra-sekolah biasanya takut akan perpisahan, gelap, orang asing, imaginery beings, dan binatang sedangkan anak usia sekolah biasanya takut akan kemunkinan terluka, kesendirian, gelap, dan binatang. Dalam proses perkembangan normal, anak dapat mengatasi rasa takut itu dengan menggunakan adaptive defense mechanism. Misalnya, setelah mimpi buruk seorang anak mengingatkan dirinya sendiri bahwa itu hanyalah mimpi dan bukan sesuatu yang nyata. Anak juga dapat menilai besaran rasa takutnya terhadap sebuah stimulus tertentu. Misalnya, seorang anak dapat menilai bahwa saat ini stimulus itu terlalu menyebabkan kecemassan sehingga untuk sementara dia tidak akan pergi ke arah stimulus itu. (Wenar & Kerig, 2005) Seorang anak dikatakan memiliki gangguan kecemasan apabila rasa takut tersebut berlebihan dan anak gagal menggunakan defense mechanism untuk mengatasi rasa takut itu. Perbedaan gangguan kecemasan dan rasa takut yang normal teletak pada intensitas situasi, perilaku maladaptif, persistence, di luar kontrol anak, dan tidak dapat dijelaskan ataupun diselesaikan. (Wenar & Kerig, 2005) I.B. Anxiety Disorders Dalam dua puluh tahun terakhir ini, pemahaman mengenai psikopatologi, course, dan ketidakmampuan berkaitan dengan gangguan kecemasan mengalami kemajuan. Sebelumnya, kecemasan dianggap sebagai bagian yang normal dalam perkembangan...
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...I never realized how much we do according to psychology on an everyday basis. For example, I observe my children playing in their room together without them knowing I am there. I do this because it allows me to see what they are doing and the way they interact with each other as well as their friends. This type of observation is called naturalistic. Naturalistic observation happens when I observe my children with them not knowing because I am giving them the time and space to do what they are doing without me telling them what to do (Psychology and You pg.26-27). This allows me to view how they behave when no one is looking and lets me see what we should work on more when it comes to how to behave. I have done this many times and I do not think that I would do this different, because it works well for my family. I think that this method would also be useful when trying to see how a child is adjusting in a new home or a new school. A child may not be willing to let you know that something is happening or something so this is a good way to figure out what the problem is without the child acting different because he does not know you. Psychology is a wonderful thing with many different facets to help someone. I do know that by doing the natural observation I am allowing my children to do what they would normally do without them realizing that they being watched. This allows children to react and learn from what they are doing. I do however know that this type of study could go...
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...want the best for our children, so we have to decide whether employment would be the best decision. So women haven’t just been facing this dilemma in this century. In earlier centuries they were going through the same decisions as well. Deciding if working outside of the home was the best resolution for families, we will discuss. Society has it that if women work outside of the home, that it damages the development of their children. Now studies state that there is no harm expressively, spiritually or behaviorally to a child that has a working mother. Women worldwide have been asking themselves this simple little question; is it better to stay at home with the children, or work outside of the home? Everyone will not respond with the same answer. Generally, this is a very personal choice for the mother and her family to make a decision if it’s best for her to stay home or go in the work field. Women, their first instance, are how this will impact my child when I leave him or her alone. Well, they have been recent studies to help us understand if it is a good idea for women to work or not and if it impacts the children. In recent decades of studying, women have really taken over the workforce and it is still increasing. For example, in 1940 only 8.6% of women with children worked in the United States (Wladis 1). As recent as of 2010, 64% of American mothers with children under the age of 6 works outside of the home (Mann 1). Women have been joining the workforce for many...
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...Abstract Regardless of situations in one’s life there comes a time when they are going to be faced with conflict. Conflict is inevitable, even in a marriage. However, it is how the conflict in a marriage that will determine how it affects the longevity of the marriage and the effects it has on any children involved and if the affects become detrimental to the parties involved. When there is unresolved conflict in a marriage it not only has an effect on the emotional well-being of those involved but also has an effect on the mental, spiritual and physical well-being of all individuals involved. This paper will discuss how conflict in marriage affects those involved as well as the longevity of the marriage itself. Studies have shown that conflict and disagreements within a marriage have and affect or couples and the relationships versus couples who are willing to confront their issues and talk their problems out. Individuals were studied over a ten day period using two separate groups to see how they dealt with conflict. The first group consisted of 128 individuals and their conflicts for a ten day period were recorded. The second group consisted of 75 couples in a laboratory setting. The couples were monitored to see how they related to their mate and how they responded to conflict in which they faced. This was to measure the commitment level of each of the mates before the discussions they had and after their discussions...
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