...Position Paper Outline In Afghanistan, Iraq, Nigeria, Syria and many other countries in the world there are still children being recruited to war. (according to Reliefweb) In fact, child soldiers are used for fighting. For instance, kids are forced to take part in wars, forced to kill, and commit other acts of violence. In addition,the children are used as cooks, porters, messengers, informants, spies or anything their commanders want them to do. Many people believe that child soldiers should not be given amnesty, however, I believe that these juveniles should because they are forced to take part in the military, are also not old enough to know how to make the right decisions. Also these adolescents do not have 100% control over their...
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...predominantly associated with one word, death. Even though there have been at least 12 countries with a documented history of child soldiers this paper will focus on one country in Africa, the Democratic Republic of Congo. The research will describe how and why children are becoming soldiers, what life is like for child soldiers, how some children avoid becoming soldiers, and what happens to the soldiers when they become free. Since 1997 the Democratic Republic of Congo has become something like a never-ending nightmare, one of the bloodiest conflicts since World War II, causing more than five million deaths. It seems inconceivable that the biggest country in sub-Saharan Africa and on paper one of the richest, packed with copper, diamonds and gold, as well as immense farmlands of great fertility and enough hydropower to light up the continent, is now one of the poorest, and most hopeless nations on earth. Unfortunately, there are no promising solutions within grasp, or even within sight. One of the gloomiest parts about this nightmarish conflict is the use of child soldiers. The overwhelming majority of child soldiers in the Congo have been kidnapped from their families by rebel groups. It has been estimated that one in ten child soldiers or 30,000 children are found in the Democratic Republic of Congo. The United Nations believes that 15-30% of all newly recruited soldiers in the Democratic Republic of Congo army are less than 18 years old. One...
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...ENG 102 – Research Paper The Deadliest War in the World Roy A. Richards Union Institute & University October, 2008 The Deadliest War in the World In this article, I will discuss the battle in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) and the struggle that thousands of people face as they battle the government for natural resources. This article will show how this country is affected by famine, rape, and murder and what steps the government is taking to eliminate these problems. The Democratic Republic of Congo is the third largest country in Africa and is located in the Central African UN subregion. The word “Congo” means “hunter” and was named after the Bakongo ethnic group who live in the Congo River basin. Following the country’s post-independence the former Belgian Congo was changed to The Democratic Republic of Congo on August 1, 1964 to distinguish it from the Republic of Congo. In 1960 General Joseph Motubu came into power, changed his name to Motubu Sese Seko, and changed the country’s name to the Republic of Zaire. 1997 was the year rebel forces (backed by Laurent Kabila) changed the country’s name back to the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and this change cased a new rebellion between him...
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...practice skills and intervention strategies are introduced generally, but a more in-depth exploration of intervention strategies are discussed in later chapters as they apply to particular social problems and practice settings. The course concludes with an exploration of macro practice where change is affected on a broader scale, both domestically and abroad. Students should leave this class having a good idea of what a human service worker is, what they do, who they work with, as well as the gaining a deeper understanding of the mission, values and goals embraced by the human service profession. Students will gain knowledge of skills needed to do critical thinking, make oral presentations, function in learning teams, conduct research, and write academic papers in the format of The Publication Manual for the American Psychological Association. Students will be introduced to the university library and learn how to access its resources successfully. Policies Faculty and students/learners will be held responsible for understanding and adhering to all policies contained within the following two...
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...2013 Child Soldiers What accounts for the phenomenon of child soldiers in Africa? The primary cause contributing to the recruitment of child soldiers in Africa is poverty. While other factors such as ‘war’ itself, proliferation of small arms, lack of education, displacement all inevitably lead to child soldier recruitment, it is however poverty at the root of these circumstances. Therefore this essay shall argue this case by examining how Africa has come to have such high levels of poverty and by showing the association between other factors and that of poverty. To establish what is meant by the term ‘child soldier’ it must first be defined and a brief description offered that explains the recruitment practices used. This in turn allows the reader to better comprehend the devastating outcomes when underlying causes such as extreme poverty are not addressed. Subsequently this essay examines the factors that account for the phenomenon of child soldiers in Africa and through this examination of causal factors it will become apparent that poverty is a recurring theme. Once it has been established that poverty is indeed the major cause of child soldier recruitment attention is then given to what is being done to stop it. Finally consideration must be given to the problems that arise when addressing the issues of disarmament, demobilization and reintegration of the child soldier back into the community, to avoid a replication of the whole cycle. This focus on stopping child soldier...
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...POLITICAL INSTABILITY TOWARDS TRANSITIONAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS IN WARDHIGLEY DISTRICT BY ABHIRI ABDULLAHI MOALIN 111-023031-06073 THIS RESEARCH IS SUBMITED TO THE FACULTY OF ARTS AND SOCIAL SCIENCE IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIEREMENT FOR THE AWARD OF BARCHELORS DEGREE IN DEVELOPMENT STUDIES OF THE ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY IN UGANDA MAY 2014 DECLARATION I, Abshir Abdullahi Moalin, hereby declare to be the sole author of the work presented in this research. It is my own work and has never been presented for the same award by any student in this course or any other. Name : ABSHIR ABDULLAHI MOALIN Reg No: 111-023031-06073 Sign: ………………………… Date: ……………………….. APPROVAL SHEET This research was written by Abshir Abdullahi Moalin of REG NO: 111-023031-06073, under my supervision and it is now ready for submission as partial fulfillment of the award of a Bachelor’s degree in Development Studies of the Islamic university in Uganda. Name: MR. MALIYAMUNGU HABIB Sign: ……………………..…… Date: ……………………….. University supervisor DEDICATION All honor and praise be to Allah the Most Gracious the Most Merciful, who has enabled me to successfully complete this dissertation successfully. I dedicate this research to my parents, brothers and sisters for the love, care and support they rendered to me. May the Almighty Allah bless them and reward them abundantly...
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...|[pic] |Syllabus | | |College of Social Sciences | | |BSHS/302 Version 6 | | |Introduction to Human Services | | | | Copyright © 2011, 2009, 2005 by University of Phoenix. All rights reserved. Course Description This course provides a broad overview of the human services discipline using practice settings and social problems as lenses so that the role and function of the human service provider, as well as the clients with whom they work can be understood in context. The course begins with a brief overview of what a human service provider is, and what services these professionals provide. A history of social welfare is provided so that students can gain a historical perspective of how poor and marginalized populations have been cared for in the United States. Generalist practice skills and intervention strategies are introduced generally, but a more in-depth exploration of intervention strategies are discussed...
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...Sierra Leone Introduction Sierra Leone, a relatively small country with a population of just over 6 million people, has been the focus of considerable attention due to the recent Ebola epidemic and, prior to that, the decade-long civil war (1991-2002) (Mills, Nesbitt-Ahmed, Diggins & Mackieu, 2015, p. 4). After the war, the transition from civil war to peace witnessed a number of landmark procedural innovations with widespread implications for gender justice. The decade-long conflict had shattered the West African country, displacing more than one million people and leaving more than two hundred thousand women and girls dealing with the aftermath of sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV). Then, in 1999, the Lomé Peace Agreement traded amnesty for peace, making provision for the creation of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Sierra Leone to work parallel to the Special Court of Sierra Leone (otherwise called the Special Court or the SCSL) in order to prosecute those who bore “the greatest responsibility” for mass atrocities committed during the civil war. While there is a growing consensus that truth and reconciliation commissions as a transitional justice mechanism can be effective tools “in the construction of a post-conflict society that is more democratic and more respectful of human rights” (Wielbelhans-Hrahm, 2010, p. 3), it is also true that integrating and addressing issues of gender justice in transitional justice processes remains a major deficit. Equally...
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...ASSESSMENT OF THE 95TH ADJUTANT GENERAL RECEPTION BATTALION AT FORT SILL, OKLAHOMA By Michael Gonzalez and Daneen R. Jefferson A research project submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of M.M.A. Management and Leadership Webster University 2014 DISCLAIMER The views expressed in this academic research paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the 95th Adjutant General Reception Battalion, the United States Government or the Department of Defense. i TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER I- INTRODUCTION | | Introduction…………………………………………………………… | 1 | Statement of the Problem…………………………………………….. | 1 | Sub-Problems………………………………………………………… | 1 | Delimitations…………………………………………………………. | 2 | Definition of Terms……………………………………..………….… | 3 | Abbreviations…………………………………………………………. | 3 | Assumptions………………………………………………………….. | 5 | Importance of the Study………………………………………………. | 6 | Conclusion……………………………………………………………. | 6 | | | CHAPTER II-LITERATURE REVIEW | | Introduction…………………………………………………………… | 7 | History…………………………………………...…………………… | 7 | Mission……………………………………………..………………… | 8 | Agency row mission………………………………..………………… | 10 | Agency row throughput…………………………..…………………,.. | 18 | Authorizations…………………………………..……………………. | 21 | Civil...
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...No Peace WiThouT Justice Closing the gap The role of non-judicial mechanisms in addressing impunity Closing the gap The role of non-judicial mechanisms in addressing impunity No Peace WiThouT Justice No Peace Without Justice Copyright 2010 © No Peace Without Justice Via di Torre Argentina 76, I-00186, Roma, Italy www.npwj.org Permission to reproduce and distribute this document is hereby granted provided that this notice is retained on all copies, that copies are not altered and that No Peace Without Justice is credited. This publication is also available at www.npwj.org. No Peace Without Justice is an international non-profit organisation founded by Emma Bonino and born of a 1993 campaign of the Transnational Radical Party that works for the protection and promotion of human rights, democracy, the rule of law and international justice. NPWJ undertakes its work within three main thematic programs: International Criminal Justice; Female Genital Mutilation; and Middle East and North Africa Democracy, including specific work on Iraq. NPWJ is a Member of the TRP Senate, a Member of the Steering Committee of the NGO Coalition for the International Criminal Court and the Italian civil society partner in the Democracy Assistance Dialogue. This publication has been produced with the assistance of the European Union. The contents of this publication are the sole responsibility of No Peace Without Justice and can in no way be taken to reflect the views of the European...
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...W O M E N ’ S C O M M I S S I O N for refugee women & children w U N TA P P E D P OT E N T I A L : Adolescents affected by armed conflict A review of programs and policies U N TA P P E D P OT E N T I A L : Adolescents affected by armed conflict A review of programs and policies Wo m e n ’s C o m m i s s i o n f o r R e f u g e e Wo m e n & C h i l d r e n N e w Yo r k W O M E N ’ S C O M M I S S I O N for refugee women & children Copyright © January 2000 by Women’s Commission for Refugee Women and Children All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America ISBN: 1-58030-000-6 Women’s Commission for Refugee Women and Children 122 East 42nd Street New York, NY 10168-1289 tel. 212.551.3111 or 3088 fax. 212.551.3180 e-mail: wcrwc@intrescom.org www.intrescom.org/wcrwc.html w cover photographs © Rachel K. Jones, Marc Sommers, Sarah Samson, Holly Myers, Anne-Sophie Rosette, International Rescue Committee M I S S I O N S TAT E M E N T The Women’s Commission for Refugee Women and Children seeks to improve the lives of refugee women and children through a vigorous program of public education and advocacy, and by acting as a technical resource. The Commission, founded in 1989 under the auspices of the International Rescue Committee, is the only organization in the United States dedicated solely to speaking out on behalf of women and children uprooted by armed conflict or persecution. Acknowledgments The Women’s Commission expresses its sincere...
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...Sudan and South Sudan’s Merging Conflicts Africa Report N°223 | 29 January 2015 International Crisis Group Headquarters Avenue Louise 149 1050 Brussels, Belgium Tel: +32 2 502 90 38 Fax: +32 2 502 50 38 brussels@crisisgroup.org Table of Contents Executive Summary................................................................................................................... i Recommendations..................................................................................................................... iii I. II. Introduction ..................................................................................................................... South Kordofan – the Epicentre of Sudan’s Conflicts ..................................................... A. The Government’s “Hot Dry Season” Campaign ....................................................... B. The Sudan Revolutionary Front ................................................................................ III. Internal Nuer Conflict in Unity State ............................................................................... A. Historic Disunity ........................................................................................................ B. Bul Nuer Rising .......................................................................................................... 1 2 2 4 7 7 8 IV. Merging Conflicts in Sudan and South Sudan ......................................................
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...lives in order to do the work and to pursue the ideals of the United Nations Organization” United Nations DPKO [1] These words illustrate the highest standards of integrity and conduct that need to be maintained and performed by the UN peacekeepers as required by the United Nations Organization. The world’s largest “club” embodies the aspirations of all the people of the world for maintaining peace and security of all its member states. It also at a glance demonstrates the main role or aims that have been made the responsibility of UN peacekeepers in relieving a conflict-torn country, although it relies on their dignity and restraint. Despite the many motivations behind UN peacekeepers (soldiers) joining the UN peace operations, such as compulsory military service, the opportunity for travel or adventure, to pursue a career, adding some skills that can be useful after retiring from service, or simply for better pay; many express their interest to bring peace to people and stability to an area wrecked by conflict.[2] My experience as a former UN peacekeeper in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) from 2004 until 2005 encouraged my intention to analyze what was going on there. UN peace operation has played its role twice in this country, with much of the “traditional peacekeeping” function being placed in the first UN “military operation” in the DRC. My question is whether the latter “giant” UN peace operation in the DRC...
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...BORN INTO BROTHELS COMPANION CURRICULUM BORN INTO BROTHELS COMPANION CURRICULUM DIRECTED BY ZANA BRISKI AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL USA HUMAN RIGHTS EDUCATION PROGRAM ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS THE HUMAN RIGHTS EDUCATION PROGRAM AT AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL USA WOULD LIKE TO RECOGNIZE THE FOLLOWING CONTRIBUTORS OF THIS CURRICULUM GUIDE. WITHOUT THEIR DEDICATION, HARD WORK AND PERSONAL COMMITMENT TO THE ISSUES THAT EMANATE FROM THE FILM, THIS GUIDE WOULD NOT HAVE BEEN POSSIBLE. WRITERS CLARE GARVIE SHEETAL KHEMCHANDANI HEATHER SHPIRO EDITORS CLARE GARVIE SHEETAL KHEMCHANDANI MELISSA ROBINSON CONTRIBUTORS KIM ALLEN MARY ARCHER ADDIE BOSTON REBECCA CATRON SAMANTHA LEE SONAM DOLKER EMILY LESSER KAREN ROBINSON MELISSA ROBINSON 2 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION FROM THE FILMMAKER | 4 FROM THE EDITORS | 5 MOVIE DISCUSSION GUIDE | 7 LESSON 1 PERSONAL AND COLLECTIVE RESPONSIBILITY | 9 APPENDIX 1 – Handouts | 18 THE TRANSORMATIVE POWER OF ART | 23 APPENDIX 2 – Handouts | 32 DISCRIMINATION AND THE RIGHT TO EDUCATION | 49 APPENDIX 3 – Handouts | 54 FILM CLIPS | 61 GLOSSARY OF TERMS | 63 OPTIONAL TEACHER RESOURCE 1 – Red Light Districts around the World | 65 OPTIONAL TEACHER RESOURCE 2 – Q&A about the Calcutta Red Light District | 68 OPTIONAL TEACHER RESOURCE 3 – Fact Sheet on Internally Displaced Peoples and Refugees | 70 OPTIONAL TEACHER RESOURCE 4 – Timeline of Conflict in Bosnia/Herzegovina | 72 LESSON 2 LESSON 3 ADDITIONAL RESOURCES RESOURCE STRENGTHENING FEEDBACK FORM...
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...Introduction As the strongest country in the world, America can done all kinds of oppressions onto any country that US like either through strong military force, from economic way and also social of that country. American corporations and popular culture has actually affects the lives and infect the indigenous cultures of millions around the world. Due to the foreign policy of the US government, backed by its military strength, has unprecedented global influence now that the America is the world’s only superpower-its first ‘hyperpower’. America lead all the ways whereby it exports its value systems, defining what it means to be civilized, rational-indeed, what actually it is to be human. Apart from that, America itself is impervious to outside influence, and if most Americans think of the rest of the world at all, it is in terms of deeply ingrained cultural stereotypes. Many people do hate America from Middle East to the developing countries as well as in Europe. Along with the happening of tragedy 9-11, public has focused on the question-‘Why do people hate America?’ This is a loaded question and not simply a statement. However, it would not be weird if people hate America as they often oppressed many other weaker countries especially countries from the Third World. The oppressions done by America can be grouped into three major ways that are politically, economically, and from the social aspect too. Politics The brand of external interventionism adopted by...
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