...Motor skills and their development during early childhood are a product of the brain, nervous system and muscles all working together to produce a desired movement. There are two main categories of early childhood motor development. They are gross motor development and fine motor development. Gross motor development is large movements and is almost instinctual as a baby gains strength and a desire to explore its surroundings. But, a newborn’s brain is not mature enough to control fine movements. It takes a developing intelligence and awareness to develop fine motor skills and it is the first step to true mastery of self and of an individual’s ability to manipulate their environment. Fine motor development is the manner in which we use our fingers, hands and arms and involves the smaller muscle groups to perform tasks that are very precise in nature. In order for a baby to develop true freedom, they will need to be able to use both their gross and fine motor skills in unison. Think of the gross motor skill as being the first step in reaching an object, and then the fine motor skill as the end result in finally being able to manipulate that object. Good vision is also very important to control the movements of the small muscles of the hands and fingers, as eye and hand coordination begin to play a role in...
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...early childhood 2-6 and middle childhood 6-10. These two stages seemed very interesting to me, maybe because I am planning to teach the Pre K age group. The first group is the early childhood group consisting of children from age two through six and the next is the middle childhood ages six through ten. In these two groups, you will see several characteristics or developments from physical, emotional, cognitive, intellectual, language, social, reading, writing, and interpersonal. I will begin with the physical development of both groups. This is where you will notice their motor skills. There are two different motor skills, gross and fine. Gross motor skills involve the larger muscles including the arms and legs. Actions requiring gross motor skills include walking, running, balance, and coordination. When evaluating gross motor skills, the factors that experts look at include strength, muscle tone, movement quality, and the range of movement and the other is fine more skills, which involve the smaller muscles in the fingers, toes, eyes and other areas. The actions that require fine motor skills tend to be more intricate, such as drawing, writing, grasping objects, throwing, and catching (Cherry, 2011). Early Childhood ages 2-6 Physical Development By the time, they reach two years old their fine and gross motor skills are developing even more. With the gross motor skills, they can balance themselves, run, jump, hop, and dance. Their fine motor skills...
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...understanding of the world. The Encyclopedia of Children’s Health (2016) defines cognitive development as “the construction of thought processes, including remembering, problem solving, and decision-making, from childhood through adolescence to adulthood” (p.1). Incorporating comfortable library areas with various levels of material available, such as books, movies, puzzles, computer activities, and the like, for a wide variety of developmental needs is key to influence cognitive growth for pediatric wards’ diverse patient population. Here, we highlight puzzle toy types. Solving puzzles is multifaceted when it comes to childhood...
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...transferable, traditional semester credits are required to successfully complete PSY 202 Adult Development and Life Assessment as their first course. PSY 202 is designed to help experienced students acclimate to the online college environment. Student Success Orientation The orientation is designed to provide students with a complete overview of the Ashford University experience, prepare them for success in their courses, and help them to self evaluate their readiness to succeed in an online classroom setting. Students will be instructed on Ashford University policies and the learner resources that are available to them through interactive videos and assessments. Students enrolled in orientation must successfully complete all assigned activities. EXP 105 Personal Dimensions of Education This course is designed to help adult learners beginning their university studies to achieve academic success. Students will explore learning theories, communication strategies, and personal management skills. Adult learners will develop strategies for achieving success in school and work. Students will also be introduced to the University's institutional outcomes and learning resources. Effective for courses beginning January 1, 2013, and after, a minimum grade of C- is required to meet course requirements. PSY 202 Adult Development & Life Assessment This course presents adult development theory and links theoretical concepts of life...
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...PED 212 Week 3 Children’s Health Awareness Presentation, The child health awareness can be done with the relationship with the family as well as the physical activity carried out by them in an effective way. Then the health must be maintained by the family in order to safeguard the children from the infant to the adult stage in an effective manner. The various Stages of motor development are Infant hood Early childhood Later childhood At the age of 3 months the child will voluntary reach and improves its accuracy. By the 5 months the reaching is reduced as they will have the object to be moved within their reach. The at 9 months the infant can easily redirect the reaching to obtain a moving object which changes direction. The child health awareness can be done with the relationship with the family as well as the physical activity carried out by them in an effective way. Then the health must be maintained by the family in order to safeguard the children from the infant to the adult stage in an effective manner. The various Stages of motor development are Infant hood Early childhood Later childhood At the age of 3 months the child will voluntary reach and improves its accuracy. By the 5 months the reaching is reduced as they will have the object to be moved within their reach. The at 9 months the infant can easily redirect the reaching to obtain a moving object which changes direction. The child health awareness can be done with the relationship with the family...
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...Lifespan Development and Personality Marie A. Hines PSY/103 March 12, 2012 Colleen Donald Lifespan Development and Personality Early childhood development can be affected by a number of factors, and it is impossible to underestimate the immense importance of the early development of children. Erik Erikson's stage theory of psychosocial development contributed to the understanding of personality development throughout the lifespan. The lifespan development of human being involves the psychological and genetic alterations from the birth and end of the life. The progress of life is highly influenced by the hereditary and environmental factors involving the different aspects related to physical, cognitive, social, moral, and personality development (Shonkoff & Phillips, 2000). Erik Erikson felt as if middle age children between the ages of six and twelve is where they begin to develop the mental skills needed in later years.“Elementary school-aged children, who succeed in learning new, productive life skills, develop a sense of pride and competence (industry). Those who fail to develop these skills feel inadequate and unproductive (inferior)” (Carpenter & Huffman, 2010). The phase of physical development of a child is classified as gross motor skills development and fine motor skills development. Hereditary factors play an important role in the physical growth and characteristics development of the child in the middle...
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...early childhood years, and between six to twelve years are considered the middle childhood period. During these two periods there are four kinds of themes: sources of development, plasticity, continuity/discontinuity and individual differences. The sources of development are genetic, social, or cultured development. Genetic known as nature vs. nurture the plasticity is how much the development can be changed or manipulated, Human development during this time has same part continues and same part expect going the sages. Even during expected stages we don’t know for sure exactly when the child will be able to do particular activities. This paper will discuss ten events to expect in their child’s life. Sleep: In the stage of two and twelve-year old many the parents expect a number of physical changes during the early childhood and middle childhood in terms of the child’s sleeping period. Many adults and children do not get enough sleep because the children possible do not have food or enough food and healthy nutrition to sleep well. In early childhood development stage of the wake- up behavior more scheduled and has more hours. The United States was compared with in middle childhood; they do not sleep as much. other countries totally different because in the United States the parents typically put their children to bed at certain hours in a different room but in other countries, children are always with their mother and sleep with her until they are in the middle childhood period...
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...Stages of Development from Early Childhood Through Middle Childhood We can break child development into five separate stages. The stages consist of infancy (birth-2), early childhood (2-6), middle childhood (6-10), early adolescence (10-14), and late adolescence (14-18). For each stage there are different types of developmental achievements that will be reached. This paper will serve as a comparison for the early and middle childhood developmental periods. There will be a detailed comparison of the two age groups for each of the following developmental characteristics: • Physical development • Emotional development • Cognitive development • Intellectual development • Language development • Reading/Writing development • Social development • Interpersonal development Physical Development (Early Childhood) During the early childhood stage children begin to lose their roundish baby like appearance. Their bodies become more proportionate with the lengthening of their arms and legs. They begin to acquire fine motor skills. These newfound skills allow them to grip a pencil in more functional way. This is a good time to provide them with puzzles and blocks, as well as supervising them while they them use scissors and paper. Although it is normal for boys to be more physically active then girls both will show an increase in energy. They will develop more control over their...
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...Lifespan Development and Personality Paper David Trejo PSY103 June 13, 2011 Sandy Collins Lifespan Development and Personality Paper An organized study of life’s different cycle phases of human beings is what developmental psychology sets out to accomplish. The psychological development of humans is also described through developmental psychology. Lifespan development study of humans involves psychological, behavior, and genetic alterations from birth to the end of one’s life. How one progresses through life is mainly influenced by environmental and hereditary (nature and nurture) factors that involve cognitive, physical, moral, personality, and social development (Shonkoff & Phillips, 2000). This paper will discuss the influences on physical and cognitive development of middle childhood years (6 – 12 years). As a child progresses into these years, physical, moral, cognitive, personal, and social traits are further developed. All of these traits are imperative in the personality development of humans. Understanding how humans develop traits as physical, moral, and social during the middle childhood years will give insight into lifespan development (Karpov, 2005). Physical Development Factors During childhood years, the physical development stage ranges from gross motor development skills to fine motor development skills. Hereditary...
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...Perceptual Development Mohammad Abdul Shabazz-Marsh Fayetteville State University Instructor: Chris Ike Ph.D. November 21, 2012 ABSTRACT The current study examined the individual and joint effects of the Developing Child personality traits and acculturation on coping styles. Using the proposed framework of (Dammeijer, Schlundt, Chenault, Manni, & Anteunis, (2002), the relations among these variables were evaluated at the Developing level to exploit previously unexplored within perceptual skills. This approach emphasizes the unique expression of Nativism and Empiricism specific personality in a Perceptual Development stage in a single culture. Perceptual Developing is not just a one area of a person’s life its throughout their life from a child throughout adulthood, we have to stress the point of Development. “Perception refers to the process of taking in, organizing, and interpreting sensory information. Perception is multimodal, with multiple sensory inputs contributing to motor responses (Bertenthal 1996)”. An infant is revolving his head in reaction to the illustration and acoustic cues of the vision of a face and the reverberation of a voice exemplify this type of perception. Intersensory redundancy, “the fact that the senses provide overlapping information is a cornerstone of perceptual development” (Bahrick, Lickliter, and Flom 2004)”. Nativism is the view that certain skills or abilities are 'native'...
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...Early childhood is a time of remarkable physical, cognitive, social and emotional development. Infants enter the world with a limited range of skills and abilities. Watching a child develop new motor, cognitive, language and social skills is a source of wonder for parents and caregivers. The study of human development is a rich and varied subject. We all have personal experience with development, but it is sometimes difficult to understand exactly how and why people grow, learn and change. Developmental psychology seeks to understand and explain how people grow and change through the entire lifespan. Researchers study the enormous range of influences including how genetics shape a child's development as well as how experiences play a role. Let's take a closer look at early childhood development including the basics of physical development and psychological growth. As a child matures, parents eagerly await important milestones such as learning how to roll over and crawl. Each of these represents a part of physical development. The maturation process happens in an orderly manner; that is, certain skills and abilities generally occur before other milestones are reached. For example, most infants learn to crawl before they learn to walk. However, it is also important to realize that the rate at which these milestones are reached can vary. Some children learn to walk earlier than their same-age peers, while others may take a bit longer. Motor Skill Development As a child grows...
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...HUMAN DEVELOPMENT * Exploring Human Development * Nature or Nurture? * John Locke – thought of new born as a blank slate, believed that experiences provided by environment during childhood have a profound and permanent effect. * Jean-Jacques Rousseau – believed children are capable of discovering how the world operates and how they should behave without instruction from adults. * Arnold Gesell – found that motor skills developed in sequence of stages, the order of the stages and the age at which they develop are determined by nature and relatively unaffected by nurture (apart from extreme circumstances). Maturation: natural growth/change that unfolds in a fixed sequence relatively independent of the environment. * John B Watson – founder of the behaviours approach to psychology. Claimed the environment not nature moulds/shapes development. * Jean Piaget – suggested nature and nurture work together and influences are inseparable and interactive. * Nature/Nurture operate together to make all people similar in some respects. Eg; achieving milestones of physical development in the same order at roughly the same rate. * Nature/Nurture operate to make each person unique. Nature of inherited genes and the nurture of widely different family/cultural environments produce differences among individuals. Eg; intelligence, language skills and personality. * Hereditary creates predispositions that interact...
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...CHAPTER 4 Early Childhood Early childhood (2 years to 6 years) is a critical period in the development of the human potential. Foundations for all aspects of development are laid during this stage. It is the period of the development of initiative. The child acts on his needs. If these attempts are supported and are quite successful, he develops a sense of confidence in himself. It is also referred to as preschool age. This child’s physical and motor development affects not only his succeeding physical growth and motor development but also his sense of identity and sense of control. His acquisition of language and understanding of concepts influence his intellectual development. His social interactions with his family and significant others determine how he progresses socially and emotionally. The family and the preschool need to be aware of the characteristics and needs in this stage so they can facilitate maximum growth and development of the child. Characteristics of Early Childhood Early childhood is characterized by the things young children do and learn when they are about three to six years old. 1. Activity Age - A healthy child engages in all kinds of tasks. 2. Discovery Age – The young child starts to learn many things about himself and his environment. 3. Exploration Age – The child manipulates his body and his environment. 4. Socialization Age – The child begins to meet people in his neighborhood and community. 5. Imitation...
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...and six, and the variations between children depend on genes, nutrition, income and ethnicity. Motor skills are the learned abilities to move some part of the body and there are two categories: fine motor skills and gross motor skills. Fine motor skills are the physical abilities involving small body movements, especially of the hands and fingers while gross motor skills are physical abilities that involve large body movements, such as walking and jumping. Dancing, drawing and building are fine motor skills that help in the gradual mastery of...
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...Lifespan Development and Personality Paper: Middle Childhood Ages Soterica Johnson Psy 103 June 15, 2015 Mary Newhams Lifespan Development and Personality Paper: Middle Childhood Ages The main goal of developmental psychology is to pursue the understandings of and report different aspects of human development. These aspects include development of physical, cognitive, social, moral, and personality. Discussing these aspects in different terms can be a tough task. In this paper I chose to write on one age group. To define this age, I will focus on the middle childhood ages 6 to 12. I will address physical, cognitive, social, and moral as well as personality development. Within these factors I am also considering both hereditary and environmental factors. Middle childhood is the period of life between the years of 6 to 12, where children are going to school, beginning to make friends outside of their families, mastering new physical and mental abilities, and also learning to become independent. During these ages physical development is most important. Growth may be slower during these ages, causing wide differences in height and weight in children. Passing through the beginning stages of life children have already began losing teeth. Middle childhood ages is when permanent teeth began to come in and dental visits have become more frequent. Children of this age group have improved motor skills so they began getting involved in more physical activities. Along with the psychical...
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