...Disturbances Found in the Brain Due to Childhood Traumas. Emotional disturbances have such an impact to the brain that it can affect various important changes if that trauma continues. In the journal European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience by Ana Martin Blanco, et. al., discusses how the Hypothalamus Pituitary-Adrenal gland is an important component in patients with personality disorders. In the study conduct by the researchers for the journal was to analyze the dysfunction of the Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Adrenal gland and its effects of childhood trauma in a large sample of Dissociative Personality Disorder patients. The DID patients underwent a proper medical interview classifying them with a true diagnosis of...
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...from this module/week to support what you say) how trauma can affect development, most specifically neural development. Discuss how spiritual development can counter the effects of trauma. What are the determining factors that lead to developmental delays when a child is exposed to trauma? Give details on the prevalence of different types of trauma and if they differ among different cultures. Make sure to support everything you report with at least 2–3 current APA citations and then a reference page at the end. Review the Essay Grading Rubric before submitting. Your paper must be at least 600 words. Abstract Trauma is an experience that all people are potential vulnerable towards. Trauma comes in many forms ranging from non-typical situations of abuse and neglect to intense reaction to life events such as the death of a loved one or a natural disaster. Trauma may be experienced personally or may result from witnessing a particular event. The effects of trauma are long lasting, though not necessarily irreversible. Trauma may result in a variety of mental health or addiction diagnosis and often has significant impacts on neurological development. While trauma has many negative effects, there are many approaches to trauma that may minimize these effects. One such approach described in the paper is a spiritual approach. Spiritual development and application may provide understanding and hope after a person has experienced trauma and is often a successful means of recovering from...
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...Childhood maltreatment and abuse can have extensive implications on individuals later on in adulthood. To date, numerous studies have found associations between the prevalence of childhood trauma and the global reduction of anatomical structures of the brain, particularly those associated with emotional and stress processing (Ahmed-Leitao et al, 2016; Poletti et al., 2016; Souza-Quiroz et al. 2016). Similarly, many papers have cited functional alterations present with an increased amount of childhood trauma (Duncan et al., 2015; Wang et al., 2014). Considering altered structure and function of emotion and stress areas such as the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, medial prefrontal cortex, amygdala, hippocampus, anterior cingulate and others,...
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...describes the word trauma as: “a disordered psychic or behavioral state resulting from severe mental or emotional stress or physical injury” (Merriam-Webster, n.d.). These emotional stressors can be caused from a wide variety of situations. Examples of damaging stressors can include: sexual abuse, verbal abuse, physical abuse, exposure to violence or death, as well as many others. The powerful effect of these stressors can ultimately lead to deep psychological damage. The term “trauma”, however, is specific to the affected individual. Though an event may be extremely traumatic for one person, a different person, on the other hand, may not be affected at all. The way a person reacts to trauma can be linked to their environment,...
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...Reaction paper one According to the article, childhood abuse leads to greater mortality and morbidity in later adulthood, and dysregulated physiological stress responses may underlie the greater health risk among abused individuals. Therefore, this study mainly focused on evaluating the impact of childhood abuse on inflammatory responses to naturalistically occurring daily stressors. There are 130 older adults participate in this study. Recent daily stressors and childhood abuse history were evaluated using the Daily Inventory of Stressful Events and the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. To provide data on inflammatory responses, blood samples are collected to test circulating interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and C-reactive protein (CRP). Study visits were scheduled between 8 to 10 A.M to account for diurnal changes on circulating cytokines. Participants are divided into two groups: caregiving group and non-caregiving group (control). Then a Childhood Trauma Questionnaire is given to assess abuse in childhood. Lastly, Daily Inventory of Stressful Events is given to assess the occurrence of daily stressors in the past 24 hours. The results are consistent with theoretical models, revealing that childhood abuse history was associated with amplified IL-6 responses to naturalistically occurring daily stressors. According to the article, abused individuals experienced multiple daily stressors have IL-6 levels 2.35 times higher than those of non0abused participants...
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...open about the traumatic experiences that led her to this lifestyle. In the following section, trauma is presented as one of the major causes of...
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...behavior leading to significant impairments. There are various causes of addiction, but some theoretical frameworks indicates that addictions may have a genetic component that leads to a predisposition to develop addiction, a disease model of addiction or as the result of self-medicating of a primary disorder. This paper will take a theoretical view of the causes of addiction as well as developing a working definition of addiction. Causes of Addiction There are numerous theories regarding addiction and the causes of addiction; however, for the purpose of this paper we will discuss three areas or models of addiction as it relates to substance and alcohol related abuse. Before delving into the causes of addiction we will develop an understanding of what addiction is and what it is not by viewing a few theories and definitions of addiction. We will also develop an understanding of what constitute a diagnosis of addiction and causes one to develop an addiction in the context of genetic predisposition, disease and the prevalence of addiction among individuals with co-occurring disorders stemming from traumatic experiences such as childhood abuse. Addiction Defining addiction is not a simplistic task as there are many theories and definitions of addiction and how addiction develops. In Drugs and addiction: an Introduction to Epigenetics, Wong, Mill, & Fernandes (2011) defines addiction as “a debilitating psychiatric disorder, with a complex...
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...Abstract Post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a behavioral condition that occurs in individuals who have been exposed to a traumatic event. In this paper, PTSD is examined through multiple studies as an example of a human behavioral trait in an effort to discover the extent of its heritability as well as to challenge Erik Turkheimer’s “first law” of behavioral genetics. From twin studies and family studies of individuals with PTSD, it is apparent that the heritability of PTSD is correlated with multiple factors such as sex, family history, and educational background. The environmental factor of nonshared experiences before experiencing a traumatic event can also significantly influence PTSD development in both monozygotic and dizygotic...
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...In this paper will cover what is family violence as well as the long term effect that these actions have on a family. We will also cover what the triggers that can cause violence. We will also cover the indicators that are associated with when assessing a child and their family unit. I will also identify the implications of abuse and neglect within the human culture. The first question we must ask to find our answers is what is family violence. According to the department of human services family violence what is viewed as any violent, coercive, controlling behavior that can be found threatening. The violence does not have to be physical it can also be mental or sexual in nature. These behaviors can cause a person to live in fear for their own safety. A person who is abused will show signs of social isolation as well feeling like damaged property. Many individuals will have issues with their self-esteem. There is no age limit, culture, or economic class that is excluded from family violence. There are many challenges for screening for child abuse as well as neglect. Many of the individuals will feel shame. The victim will also not like to talk about what has happened to them this is true on both adults and children. The individual will feel as if the abuse or neglect was self-induced. During the screening process the environment must be nonthreatening. There are currently two types of screening the first is direct trauma questions the other is standardized screenings. With...
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...Clin Soc Work J (2014) 42:323–335 DOI 10.1007/s10615-014-0496-z ORIGINAL PAPER Trauma Through the Life Cycle: A Review of Current Literature Shulamith Lala Ashenberg Straussner Alexandrea Josephine Calnan • Highlight every key term that refers to the following key concepts: 1) "trauma" generally a) "large T trauma" b) "micro-trauma" 2) "resilience" Published online: 31 May 2014 Ó Springer Science+Business Media New York 2014 Abstract This paper provides an overview of common traumatic events and responses, with a specific focus on the life cycle. It identifies selected ‘‘large T’’ and ‘‘micro’’ traumas encountered during childhood, adulthood and late life, and the concept of resilience. It also identifies the differences in traumatic events and reactions experienced by men compared to women, those related to the experience of immigration, and cross generational transmission of trauma. Descriptions of empirically-supported treatment approaches of traumatized individuals at the different stages of the life cycle are offered. Keywords PTSD Á Large-T and micro-traumas Á Neurobiology Á Gender differences Á Immigrants Á Treatment approaches The past is never dead. It’s not even past. William Faulkner The conflict between the will to deny horrible events and the will to proclaim them aloud is the central dialectic of psychological trauma. Judith Lewis Herman S. L. A. Straussner (&) Silver School of Social Work, New York University, 1 Washington...
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...Complexly traumatized youth frequently suffer from body dysregulation, meaning they over-respond or underrespond to sensory stimuli. For example, they may be hypersensitive to sounds, smells, touch or light, or they may suffer from anesthesia and analgesia, in which they are unaware of pain, touch, or internal physical sensations. As a result they may injure themselves without feeling pain, suffer from physical problems without being aware of them, or, the converse – they may complain of chronic pain in various body areas for which no physical cause can be found. Effects of Complex Trauma. (2014). Retrieved September 7, 2014. Think of what it is like for young children to be in traumatic situations. They can feel totally helpless and passive. They can cry for help or desperately wish for someone to intervene. They can feel deeply threatened by separation from parents or caretakers. Young children rely on a "protective shield" provided by adults and older siblings to judge the seriousness of danger and to ensure their safety and welfare. They often don't recognize a traumatic danger until it happens, for example, in a near drowning, attack by a dog, or accidental scalding. They can be the target of physical and sexual abuse by the very people they rely on for their own protection and safety. Young children can witness violence within the family or be left helpless after a parent or caretaker is injured, as might occur in a serious automobile accident. They have the most difficulty...
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...and that is was God’s decision to make him a woman. Although he figured this was beyond human ability and deemed as “miraculous” it still tormented him (Meyer, Chapman, et al., 2009). The text describes Schreber’s case as containing many different personality disorders, or abnormal disorders, such as anxiety and mood disorders. Freud described Schreber’s primary symptoms as paranoid schizophrenia as well as psychosis in nature. Freud came to the conclusion that Schreber’s thoughts and delusions were brought on upon by his rejection and denial of his homosexuality (Meyer, Chapman, et al., 2009). Other psychologist at the time believed that homosexuality was not the direct cause but the mental abuse he received from his father during childhood. His father utilized shame and humiliation to instill doubt and self-esteem issues within Daniel. Genetically speaking, there were no indications that anyone else in Schreber’s family suffered from the same ailments. His frequent delusions and moments of grandeur are considered classic symptoms of...
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...Abstract There is much to be said about an individual’s response to sexual trauma. The victim of that trauma has a high likelihood of creating an offence of their own, possibly using substance as a way to cope, or make any number of poor choices as a means of dealing with the abuse. What the sad thing is about it all is that many of the offenders begin as children who are powerless to defend themselves to someone who is usually in their Family. It is only through later acknowledging the trauma that someone can begin to understand the outcome of what happened to them from that incident. There are a number of outcomes that will be dicussed as well as the addiction itself and the healing process in this paper. The focus throughout being what the responses are to sexual trauma. What is Sexual Abuse? Sexual abuse is not the only abuse that can occur in a home that can have lifelong affects on a child. There are many abuses at which many different homes are guilty of. For most homes there is much dysfunction and this dysfunction can lead to or open a door for abuse. Because of the home being the primary place for sexual abuse and other abuses it is important to see what types of abuse can come from the home. According to Laaser; there are four types of abuses specific to the home and they are physical, emotional, sexual and spiritual (2004). All of these are serious and can lead to problems for a child later in life what is interesting is that sexual...
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...The Cause of Depression: Cognitive Perspective Kristin D Simpson-Oloso Psyc3002 Section 05 Cause of Depression Paper Capella University May 2016 Abstract Depression comes in many different forms such as major depression, dysthymia, postpartum depression, seasonal affective disorder, bipolar disorder, and psychotic depression. Along with the many different forms, there are also many symptoms, which include feelings of helplessness, hopelessness, loss of interest in daily activities, sleep changes, anger, and irritability, loss of energy, self-loathing, and reckless behavior. Although the exact cause of depression has eluded doctors, psychiatrists, nurses, and researchers since its inception, one of the key roles affecting depression is an individual’s environment. The Cause of Depression: Cognitive Perspective Environmental causes of depression are concerned with factors that are outside of us. They are not directly related to brain function, inherited traits from parents, medical illnesses, or anything else that may take place within us. Instead, environmental events are those things that happen in the course of our everyday lives that we can’t control. Age, community, society, and a person’s neighborhood do play apart in environmental depression. But, the three arguments’ that I will discuss are prolonged stress, childhood difficulties, or traumatic events. Stress and Depression Depression is a problem that is affecting 9% of U.S. Citizens...
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...Crisis Case Management Paper PACO 604 Instructor: Professor William Mark Holland Rodney A. Tinsley February 2, 2014 After previewing a 45-minute full episode of a crisis case via a video link, in which I had to observe several family members in crisis. I selected Sean as the family member from the crisis case and I will provide crisis intervention utilizing the models of crisis intervention discussed in the textbooks by Floyd and Wright. Nature of the Crisis The nature of the crisis stems from Sean’s childhood. Sean had a very difficult childhood. Crises are turning points where counselees can possibly move toward growth, enrichment and improvement; or it can move towards dissatisfaction, pain, and in some cases, dissolution. (Wright, 2011, 128) There are three hazardous events in particular that has played a major role in Sean current crisis situation: The divorce of his parents, Sean’s father’s added pressure for him to succeed, and Sean’s father being a homosexual. Wright says that “A hazardous event is an occurrence that starts a chain reaction of events that culminates in a crisis.” (Wright, 2011, 129) I agree with those words wholeheartedly. Sean was a fun loving kid who had everything going for him. His family described him as “a good guy with a big heart.” However that soon began to change changed. At the age of 13 Sean began experimenting with alcohol as a way to escape from the reality of his life. He felt that the buzz was his “miracle...
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