...Synopsis In this PowerPoint presentation I tried to provide a general idea of the period of childhood as a time of innocence and how it formed the view of a child in our modern time. Generally, a lot of parents perceive their children as innocent beings, and want to guard and protect them from the bad side of the world. On the whole, this idea of childhood innocence started in the 18th century, with the romantic discourse of childhood. About 250 years ago, childhood has been recognised as a distinct era of human life (Rousseau, 1762). In the 18th century, a French philosopher believed that children are in need of stimulation and education (Rousseau, 1762). However, in the past, according to Christian religion children were born evil and prone to sin. Similarly, children were portrayed as incomplete, miniature adults who did not look socially, psychically or sexually innocent (Higonnet, 1998). Yet, historians claimed that even though children were considered differently in the past, this does not indicate that they were not considered as children. Conversely, Rousseau (1762) acknowledged a romantic, also known as the innocent child, who is born pure and innocent, and is unaware of the term adulthood. During the romantic period the innocent figure of the child triggered poetry and a political discussion. At this point, it can be mentioned that during the 18th century Reynold’s painting namely; “The Age of Innocence” became the template for pictures of children from those...
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...Childhood and Adolescence Paper Christina Williams PSY/280 July 13, 2015 R. Adinah Johnson Childhood and Adolescence Paper “Child development does not mean developing your child into the person you think they should be, but helping them develop into the best person they are meant to be” (Sorenson, 2005). Statistics say that in the stages in middle adolescence 30% of the child’s social life and interactions there are a great stage of peer pressure. These results were compared to the 10% that is experienced during the early childhood. They show that they are competent by demonstrating their behaviors in these peer groups. During the elementary years in school, children have to prove to others that they understand and that they are capable of handling the different situations they find themselves in. They must keep a certain criteria in order to have friends. The main concern during these peer groups is to be accepted and most of these concerns are experienced during middle childhood. Researchers have been focusing in the friendship among the children. Friendship is one of the most important parts of the social group between early stages of childhood. Friends fill that special need we have inside and for a child’s development that is one of the most important parts. They fulfill the special needs and they help with communication, interaction, acceptance, companionship and social skills. Peer is more related to the social and popularity status and its acceptance...
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...Duncan King US Hist 102 Tuesday Night Class Paper #1 October 1st, 2013 Childhood Prior to the 1920’s, children were commonly abused, not cared for, and even left to die. This had to do with the situation their parents were in, as well as their perspective on childhood in general. The concept of childhood used to be very different than ours generally is today, as death rates were high, family size was large, children were commonly abused, and children were often employed, working in horrible conditions. As the circumstances of children were brought to the public’s attention, reform was soon achieved. This is greatly owed to the “muckrakers,” who were the writers that detailed these conditions to the attention of the public. The overall quality of life of children was greatly improved through reform, and a new definition of childhood was brought with it. Children lived in horrifying conditions before reform was achieved in the early 20th century. They often worked in coalmines or sweatshops for up to twenty hours a day. This helps understand the perspectives of the people living at this time, towards children, as the children weren’t too different from adults, earning wages by spending their days working. In some cases, children worked for weeks in factories without receiving any pay. They did this for the hope of receiving employment after the weeks in which they worked for free. However, employers were well aware of this and often took advantage of the children by either...
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...Sharnise Marshall May28, 2015 Eng1010 EOE Essay Childhoods On my personal experience and other experiences, Lareau's argument that middle and upper parents use concerted cultivation and working class parents use natural growth is inaccurate because I grew up in an african american,working-poor class family and I did not have as many oppurinties as middle class families did . Such as having the latest clothes or shoes, not being able to sign up for every activity and always remember on a household budget. In research to Unequal Childhood, its states, "the majority of the poorer, working class participants had either dropped out of high school or not attended post-secondary instititutions, or if they had, had not completed their courses.''The parenting style, favored by working-class and lower-class families, in which parents issue to their children rather than negotiations, encourage the following and trusting of people in authority positions, and do not structure their children's daily activities, but rather let the children play on their own. This method has benefits that prepare the children for a job in the "working" or "poor-class" jobs, teaches the children how to respect and take the advice of people in authority, and allows the children to become independent at a younger age. Many were working in jobs that did not require a college degree and had already been working full-time for several years. Some children as they got older even...
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...Infancy and Early Childhood Development Developmental Stages Essay Adolescence is probably the most difficult period in life of every individual since it is a transitional stage between childhood and adulthood. In this period adolescent undergo significant changes in physiological, psychological and social aspects. Naturally, these changes produce a significant impact on their lifestyle, behaviour, psychology, etc. Traditionally, adolescence is considered to start at preteens, i.e. from 9-10 years of age till 19-20 years of age. Basically, adolescence may be divided into three main stages middle childhood (8-11), early adolescence (11-14), and middle adolescence (15-18) while the last years of adolescence may be characterised as the last years when individuals completely grew into adults. Middle Childhood The first stage when children actually start to transform into adolescents begins at preteens and lasts until 11 years of age. This stage marks the start of a fast physical growth since at this stage uneven growth of bones, muscles, and organs starts that may result in certain awkward appearance. Some children, especially girls begin puberty at this age that creates certain difficulties for them, so they need access to information about sexuality appropriate for their age. On the cognitive level, some elements of childhood are combined with elements of adolescence. To put it more precisely, logical thinking starts to develop, though children are still have limited...
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...------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- Child Development: 5N1764 ------------------------------------------------- Play Activity ------------------------------------------------- Ashling Hooper ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- Student: Viviane Stewart ------------------------------------------------- Date: 05/04/2016 ------------------------------------------------- Contents Aim 3 Planning 3 Implementation 4 Evaluation 7 Theorists of child developmental stages 9 Role of the adult 10 Recommendations 11 Conclusion 11 Bibliography 12 Appendix 13 Child observation (Play activity) 14 Aim In this assignment my aim is to plan and implement one activity to a child aged 4 and half years in my work placement. This activity will look on the holistic development of this particular child. Planning...
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...Examine the different sociological views on the changes in the experience of childhood in the past 50 years. According to Aries, childhood can be defined as a social construction. Children were once regarded as ‘little adults’ and an economic asset rather than a symbol of love due to the high death and infant mortality rates making it hard to emotionally invest. However, now, a key aspect of childhood is ‘separateness’ from adulthood. There have been several state policies that have constructed and defined childhood, one of which is the children’s act which aimed to give children more rights to make a positive contribution to society. It argues the best place to raise children is at home with their parents which brought about the social view that it is essential for children to spend time with immediate family in order to grow up to be independent. Aries argues that childhood has changed. Instead of children being seen as an economic asset we now live in a child centred society which is good for the child. Some sociologists, such as Functionalists and the New Right argue that children are seen as precious in todays society. Parsons believes it is the parents responsibility to raise their children into being good citizens in society. New right sociologists are worried that this way of raising children has been undermined by a ‘child centered society’. In the 20th and 21st centuries it is argued that families have become increasingly child centred. Children are often seen...
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...Is Childhood Disappearing? 2012 Brendan Dolman Sociology, Unit 3 5/1/2012 Abstract This is a report to look at the social construct of Childhood and whether it is disappearing. This report explores the history of childhood and current socio cultural influences on modern day childhood. Is Childhood disappearing? Introduction I am interested in this subject area because childhood is a social construct which seems to be diminishing from society. This is of particular interest to me because childhood as we know it has only been about for the last century but now it seems that it is once again diminishing from society. I say this because when looking at childhood from 50 years ago and comparing it to childhood today there is a huge difference. Today toys seem to be targeted at children of ages 1-10 years old but not for children above that age (Manhattan Institute for Policy Research). Children seem to be pushed into the spotlight of adult activities such as the fashion and glamour world in the case of beauty pageants (Daily Mail Online 2011). There also seems to be more of a focus on older children playing on computer consoles with violent games which depict realistic and gruesome actions. These computer games also depict real life situations such as the war in Afghanistan and give these older children the opportunity to play as a soldier in this scenario. Content What is childhood? Childhood is not to be confused with being a child, it is a completely different...
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...Obesity is a major issue in not only the United States of America but the world too is being consumed by this chronic disease. Obesity causes numerous health problems but it also “…leads to approximately 30,000 early deaths per year” (Pirgon, Aslan 1) according to The Role of Urbanization in Childhood Obesity. Why are there early deaths occurring and why can’t there be a solution? Children across the globe are becoming too comfortable with the brand new and improved processed foods that come in packages so engulfed with signs that say “eat me”. However there are various and very dependent reasons that may lead to a child becoming obese. Childhood obesity is something that can be stopped by getting rid of all those reasons. Lifestyles are really to blame so until the world stops their daily lifestyles of eating unhealthy, the problem of obesity won’t leave. Looking at this poster for the first time, the first thing that is drawn attention to is the child’s hand writing because it is unusual to see. It is also noticed to be in a certain color (red) which pops out because of its intensity. This causes viewers to see it first and make a quick assumption. An assumption can be made that a child has written most of this because it is sloppy and the crayons within the ad also shows that a child had written it because usually children write with crayons. The image is shown to be lopsided and at a random angle. The crayons are put at random spots to indicate that a child is care free...
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...Child Development Case Study Analysis Kimberly D. Carter PSYC2700 CHILD DEVELOPMENT May 15, 2015 Abstract Early Childhood Education In this paper I am taking the time to go over some very important materials in the world of Early Childhood Education and some of the reason why each and every child should have access to great educational standard. The paper will include topics that involve policy and policy initiative relating to the education of childhood, three benefits of early childhood education. Describing high quality characteristics of a program geared toward early childhood development. Characteristics of high quality early childhood programs A high quality program starts with a list of high priorities beginning with the list below: • The ration for teach and child is low. • Staff should be well trained with degrees pertaining to child development or early childhood education. • The center or facility has the appropriate curriculum for each age group within the center • Emotional and Social growth are top priority. • Encourages parents to be involved both at home and in the facility. • Great and positive interactions amongst the teacher and child. • Child-focused environment where the child is given choices • the variety of books, toys and learning supplies is endless for the child to make choices of their own. • All forms of playing, including indoor and outdoor, and all these areas are safe for children of all ages....
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...Nicole Hill PSY/260 Check Point- Week 7 September 14, 2012 Childhood Development and Sexual Behavior Parents often are astonished at the certain behaviors that they observe their adolescent and toddler children engaging in. Youthful children partake in sexual behaviors similar to adults; actually, sexual behaviors begin with the baby is still in the mothers wound. This is considered the infancy stage (0-2 years) It has been reported that boys have erection sin the utero and some are even born with erections. Pelvic thrusting, orgasms, and masturbation are all things that are typical for infants and young children. Many toddlers discover their genitals, and find themselves rubbing it and enjoying the relaxing pleasure it gives them. Early childhood stage is between 3 and 8, this is where children tend to be more interested in seeing their parents or other naked or undressing, they navigate towards women breasts, begin to touch their own private parts, and more commonly,,,this is the age where a child is very interested in the opposite sex. Preadolescent stage happens between 9-13 years of age. At this age, preadolescent tend to make a close relationship with a friend or “best friend”, typically of the same sex to discuss secrets and other related topics. “Play fighting” usually happens at this stage and sex education is taught around this age, bringing reasoning to the different feelings and desires they may be experiencing. Adolescents stage happens after age 13 up until...
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...Childhood Review Questions Please answer the following questions as fully as you: 1. Explain what is meant by ‘childhood is a social construction’ This means that childhood is a stage of life that we have attached certain labels to. These labels include the view that children are dependent on adults to survive and the fact that children have less abilities to work than adults. It is also the view that a child's role in society and the rules that they are meant to follow are created and learnt by socialization. 2. Explain what is meant by the term ‘loss of childhood’ The term loss of childhood means that childhood is disappearing which means that children and adults are becoming more and more similar. This is due to way that children now act. For example, in Britain, more children are having sex at a younger ages which is proved by the statistic that Britain has the most teenage pregnancies. Children also have a greater access to the adult world through things such as the internet and television which make it exceptionally easy for children to access adult content. This view is supported by Postman who said that ‘childhood is disappearing at a dazzling speed’ 3. Suggest two reasons why childhood is a relatively modern invention. One reasons that childhood is a relatively modern invention is that we know, through the research done by Philippe Aries, that childhood did not exist past physical dependency in the middle ages. This is a reason because in todays society,...
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...CHILDHOOD OBESITY Childhood Obesity-Definition http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/childhood-obesity/basics/definition/con-20027428 Reasons of Childhood Obesity http://www.cdc.gov/obesity/childhood/problem.html http://children.webmd.com/guide/obesity-children How to help children http://www.helpguide.org/mental/childhood_obesity.htm Bullying http://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/obesity/pages/Teasing-and-Bullying.aspx http://www.cnn.com/2010/HEALTH/05/03/obesity.bullying/ Wisconsin http://www.cdc.gov/obesity/stateprograms/fundedstates/pdf/wisconsin-state-profile.pdf http://host.madison.com/news/local/city-life/childhood-obesity-on-the-decline-nationally-but-wisconsin-shows-little/article_ad7817f0-ef28-553f-8a0d-692a1ea133de.html http://www.pediatrics.wisc.edu/outreach/wisconsin-prevention-obesity-diabetes/ http://www.childhealthdata.org/docs/nsch-docs/wisconsin-pdf.pdf http://fasinfat.org/states/wi/ (Graphics) http://www.childhealthdata.org/docs/nsch-docs/wisconsin04_23_508-pdf.pdf (Tables) https://www.facebook.com/WECOPI (FACEBOOK PAGE) America http://www.cdc.gov/healthyyouth/obesity/facts.htm http://www.cdc.gov/obesity/data/childhood.html http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/hestat/obesity_child_07_08/obesity_child_07_08.htm (Graphics and Tables) http://www.cdc.gov/obesity/downloads/pednssfactsheet.pdf * http://health.heraldtribune.com/2014/01/20/top-5-myths-about-obesity-in-america/ (Mitos...
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...Childhood Development Raymond A. Nearey, III Dr. Matthew Warren PSY/375 May 26, 2013 Childhood development is something that we all go through; it starts from infancy. Infants have a natural ability to explore their surroundings this is how they learn who people are, they begin to get familiarized with their surroundings and they are such things like parents, grandparents, smells, and sounds like someone’s voice. As they begin to grow from infancy to adolescence they begin to pick up traits from parents, siblings, or even their friends. Some of these can be bad habits or they can lead to success in a child’s life. Families can affect the development of infants and adolescence, and depending on the circumstances they can be good or bad. Many young girls/boy usually look up to their older sister or older brother. Many of those children can be influences on how on many of their life choices. Relationships can be a very great tool for children, when you show children love and you teach them compassion, love, and mercy, they will typically grow up showing those same traits. They should allow their children to socialize with other children, adolescence, and adults; as infants begin to age they understand and they will question the feelings of how other children act in school, such as bullies, and love interests (a school crush.) Children would like to know the feelings and the expectations of others and as parents in order to help with their children’s development it is important...
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...Is childhood disappearing? There have been many studies and research put into the question ‘is childhood disappearing’ but first lets define what childhood actually is... childhood is considered to be the time in which a person is a child or too young to be considered an adult, this time in most cultures is 0-12 years old. Many sociologists believe that childhood is rapidly disappearing, for example Phillip Aries was a historian who argued that in the middle ages childhood didn’t exist. In the middle ages things were a lot different, children were a lot different and besides from size there was little defining children from adults. There is many sources such as paintings which show children to not only be dressed as adults, but engaging in adult behaviour such as drinking and attending brothels. Aries discovered that children were sent to work, just like adults as soon as they were capable of doing so. Law also made very little distinction between children and adults, with children being allowed to participate in adult activities because they were just seen as ‘mini’ and then sharing the same burden as adults when it came to punishments. At this time Phillip Aries believe that childhood didn’t exist. In 1880 the compulsory education act came into procedure in England and Wales, this created a big turn over in the history of childhood. It became compulsory for children to go to school, meaning they couldn’t work. Before this law came into action children were seen to be...
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