...Regional Perspectives on ASEAN - the United States Enhanced Partnership By Endra Introduction The signing of the ASEAN declaration (Bangkok Declaration) by Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore and Thailand on 8 August 1967 in Bangkok, Thailand marked the establishment of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). As the regional organization, the top priority of ASEAN is to accelerate the economic growth, social progress and cultural development in the region. Later on other countries in the region also joined this organization as follows; Brunei Darussalam in 1984, Vietnam in 1995, Laos and Myanmar (Burma) in 1997, and Cambodia in 1999. The ten-member organization is enhancing partnership, not only nations in the region, but also outside the region, especially with the United States (US). The relationship between ASEAN and the US has entered its fourth decade of partnership. Since the first engagement in 1977, both sides have experienced the ups and down of partnership. This relationship will become more significant as it broadens the sectors of partnership in the future. Initially, starting with economic and development cooperation, the enhanced relationships, with cooperation on politic, regional security, counter terrorism and transnational crimes, has achieved a new era of “comprehensive partnership.” For the next decade, regional development in Asia Pacific will require the partnership to become more comprehensive. Several key issues in the region...
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...ASEAN and Regional Security in East Asia Introduction Established in August 1967 ASEAN has placed a central role in ensuring peace among its members. • South Asia has enjoyed a relative period of stability and period. (e.g. Laos & Vietnam and Cambodia & Myanmar) • Regional cooperation Interstate Relations Regional Economics Cooperation and trust Strategies and principles employed by ASEAN in regional security. Challenges that Challenges that might shake ASEAN’s role as a regional manager. Practical measures that ASEAN needs to take note of. 2 Pillars of Regional Security 1. Multi-lateral institutions (since 1993) • ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF) in 1993 • ASEAN plus three (APT) in 1997 • East Asian Summit (EAS) in 2005 2. Bilateral Alliance System Economics Policy The Challenges 1. Development in major geostrategic shift. 2. Development complicates the security challenges in the region ASEAN AS A MANAGER OF REGIONAL ORDER: STRATEGIES AND PRINCIPLES With its achievements in domestic economic development, ASEAN’s confidence grew and began to extend its security role beyond SEA (e.g. ARF, ART, and EAS) • Positioned itself a s a regional order ASEAN • From a modest sub- regional association to an organization. • Since 1967, it approached security matters in comprehensive manner. For SEA countries: 1. Security has always encompassed wide arrays of issues in social, cultural, economic, political, and military fronts...
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...by India, on the northeast by Yunnan Province, China, and on the east by Laos and Thailand. The longest land border is communal with People’s Republic of China. Burma is known to the world as the nationally official name until 1989; the country’s name was the officially changed by the military government that reigned in 1988. Rangoon is the commercial capital and the largest city, and the administrative capital is Naypyidaw. Concerning with relationship of Myanmar and the largest local organization, ASEAN, Myanmar was stamped with its admission to join as one member state of ASEAN community in 1997. Considered the resource both natural and human capacities, Myanmar, the late-emerged country in the region, anticipated its advantages stemming from joining in ASEAN. Following the participation in the ASEAN community and with the establishment of AFTA agreement signed on 28 January 1992 in Singapore, Myanmar oversights its opportunities in development through the link of commercial trading which allows the free flow of trade, labor and information. However, although the precise advantages retrieved from the ASEAN membership is seen from its current stance, Myanmar also faces with mixed challenges and opportunities in the whole progressive pace of development, particularly with the relation in AFTA. This research is designed with some objectives. By looking at the present situation and in the near future situation of Myanmar economic and trading; it is very necessary to considered...
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...Southeast Asia Internal Political Challenges, Inter-State Conflicts and Regional Security Southeast Asia has been one of the most vibrant regions in recent years. This resilient and dynamic region is one of the major hubs at the heart of Asia and is likely to play a significant role in the rising Asia. It can help shape and evolve the larger regional architecture in the Asia-Pacific region. Inside Southeast Asia, the internal political and social systems and the interaction between the two have created an interesting mix of hope, challenges and threats at the national, bilateral and regional levels. Besides, with the ongoing economic integration and political and security cooperation with regional powers, the regional organization-ASEAN seeks to balance these relations with the proliferation of new powers. The Institute of Peace & Conflict Studies (IPCS), as an independent research institute and a leading think-tank, explores what is happening in Southeast Asia today. The Southeast Asia Research Programme (SEARP) at the Institute monitors these internal issues in the region on a regular basis and further intends to convert the process into a annual meet to understand the dynamics of the current issues, challenges and problems in Southeast Asia. Three themes have been identified in the region which need immediate attention– Internal political challenges, inter-state conflicts and ASEAN and regional security. Theme-I Internal Political Challenges The primary security concerns...
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...The People’s Republic of China Positions for the Group of 77 (G-77) ______________________________________________________________________________ I. Examining International Terrorism: Developing a Joint Proposal for Counter-Terrorism Efforts The People’s Republic of China recognizes the need for the international community to adopt a comprehensive approach with cooperative measures in a multi-faceted method to combat global terrorism. The world has experienced decades of pointless terrorist attacks--in particular, the tragic loss of life on September 11th, 2001 in The United States. As proven throughout history, force alone cannot fundamentally resolve disputes and conflicts, and the national concept of security based on the use of force and the threat to use force can hardly bring about lasting peace in today’s world. Against this backdrop, an intensive cooperative security measure featuring dialogue and cooperation has emerged as the new global agenda. China’s security concept seeks common security against terrorism threats in developing nations through mutually-beneficial cooperation established through international cooperation against the use of terrorism. Terrorism is a result of complex array of political, economic, and social factors which cannot be resolved by military force alone. Only through strengthening of dialogue and cooperation between nations throughout the world can a fundamental approach to common security be achieved. Estimations show that global...
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...was mainly anchored on its ‘look east policy’ initiated in the early 1990s that saw the country focus on the East Asia and Pacific regions as an economic framework for expanding ties and promoting economic growth. With the new expanded strategic vision – “Look East” policy 2, India has broadened the definition of its security interest in its strategic economic endeavors. It is generally seen that India’s partnership with ASEAN have had an impact on India’s economic, political, and security related involvement ‘in these larger, concentric coalitions around ASEAN…in East Asia and in the Asian Pacific’ (Gujral, 1996, p. 12). The look east policy has integrated a larger regionalization framework and strategy encompassing the Asia Pacific issues (Scott, 2007). WE ARE TECHNOLOGY THESIS EXPERTS! ORDER NOW! WWW.UKESSAYHUB.COM The Indians-ASEAN links do not only have economic frameworks but strategic underpinnings as well. As Scot (2007) has indicated, china has been a factor in all of the India’s initiatives albeit blurred in economic progressions. Some analysts have argued that the growing Chinese economic and military influence in Asia has been the anchorage on the basis of which the strategic molding of ‘look East Policy’ was structured. India’s continued influence has therefore been viewed as providing ‘a balance’ to Chinas growing influence in the region. India’s aspiration to be a major global power is indisputable. For many years, India took pride in its role as leader...
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...Expanding Horizons and Forging Cooperation in a Resurgent Asia SAARC 2015 The New Delhi Statement on SAARC 2015 and Asian Resurgence © Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung, March 2007 Published by: Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung India Office K-70B, Hauz Khas Enclave New Delhi Email: fes@fesindia.org Edited by: Kant K. Bhargava and Mahendra P. Lama Designed and printed by: New Concept Information Systems Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi ISBN 81-7440-065-6 Contents Foreword Preface Background Paper Inaugural Address by I.K. Gujral Group Reports New Delhi Statement Annexures: (i) Programme (ii) List of Participants & Special Invitees (iii) List of Written Papers and Presentations Related Publications iv vi 1 17 23 45 56 71 Foreword As part of its programme for the promotion of regional cooperation in South Asia, the Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung organised the Conference on SAARC 2015: Expanding Horizons and Forging Cooperation in a Resurgent Asia in February 2007 in New Delhi in collaboration with Ambassador Kant K. Bhargava, former Secretary-General of SAARC, and Prof. Mahendra Lama, Chairman, Centre for South, Central, South East Asian and South West Pacific Studies, School of International Studies, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi. The main thrust of the Conference was that the SAARC as an entity and its member states must prepare themselves well for leveraging the opportunities arising from the current resurgence in Asia. The Background Paper for the Conference was prepared...
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...Policy. The main purpose was to revive both political ties and to build up economic linkages with South East Asia. LEP focuses on re-establishing better political security and economic co-operation. The first phase was based on ASEAN and it focused initially and mainly on trade and investment linkages. The second phase was based on expanding the definition of east, extending from Australia to china and East Asia with ASEAN as its core. The conference was graced by Sri Nitin Gadkare, honorable Minister for Road Transport and Highway, as Chief Guest. The four main objectives of the conference were: To study the policy as direction for India’s growth. To study the brunt of the policy with the changing geo political scenario worldwide. To examine the potential of the policy as a vector for economic growth and development of these regions. To bring the countries of south East Asia and Asia closer. There were 5 tracks explaining the route map for LEP. We will concentrate mainly on track 1 which was based on India’s trade and investment in South East and East Asia. The change in focus of Indian foreign policy from concentrating on the west towards east finds its source in the LEP. It also aims at redesigning the present economic architecture which will be marketed by regional trading blocs. India’s engagement with ASEAN and East Asian countries establishes its acceptance of the region as strategic and economic partner in its sphere of growth. Indian association with the regional block...
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...Sheng Lijun HA9305 1st November 2011 “How Should Singapore Handle Major Powers in the Region: East Asia Summit of 2011” Singapore’s success as nation is not merely based on its strategic location, economic prowess or effective government. Its foreign policy plays a vital role in creating Singapore into what it is now. Singapore’s relationship with the major powers, the United States and China, will be discussed and also offers some suggestions for its future approaches to both countries. The significance of the East Asia Summit 2011 to the region will also analysed. Singapore is in a unique position where it has excellent ties with both the United States and China. This can be largely contributed to Singapore’s long term diplomacy strategy of having a “maximum number of friends” as espoused by the former Prime Minister of Singapore, Lee Kuan Yew, in his speech on the fundamentals of Singapore’s foreign policy. It is then prudent to ensure that Singapore continues to maintain and better our relationships with both countries and not at the expense of either one of them. Both the United States and China play a unique global role and it is in Singapore’s best interest to have strong ties to both countries. Singapore’s relationship with both the United States and China can be roughly separated into bilateral and multilateral means. Singapore’s government has strong bilateral ties with the United States government and it is evident in many of its partnerships. Even though...
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...State Sovereignty and Regional * Institutionalism in the Asia Pacific Shaun Narine Working Paper No. 41, March 2005 * A revised version of the paper is scheduled to be published in The Pacific Review later this year. Recent Titles in the Working Paper Series No. 28 The Revolution in Military Affairs and Its Impact on Canada: The Challenge and the Consequences, by Andrew Richter, March 1999. No. 29 Law, Knowledge and National Interests in Trade Disputes: The Case of Softwood Lumber, by George Hoberg and Paul Howe, June 1999. No. 30 Geopolitical Change and Contemporary Security Studies: Contextualizing the Human Security Agenda, by Simon Dalby, April 2000. No. 31 Beyond the Linguistic Analogy: Norm and Action in International Politics, by Kai Alderson, May 2000. No. 32 The Changing Nature of International Institutions: The Case of Territoriality, by Kalevi J. Holsti, November 2000. No. 33 South Asian Nukes and Dilemmas of International Nonproliferation Regimes, by Haider K. Nizamani, December 2000. No. 34 Tipping the Balance: Theatre Missile Defence and the Evolving Security Relations in Northeast Asia, by Marc Lanteigne, January 2001. No. 35 Between War and Peace: Religion, Politics, and Human Rights in Early Cold War Canada, 1945-1950, by George Egerton, February 2001. No. 36 From Avignon to Schleswig and Beyond: Sovereignty and Referendums, by Jean Laponce, June 2001. No. 37 Advancing Disarmament in the Face of Great Power Reluctance: The Canadian Constitution...
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...APEC (Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation) member since 1989. APEC aims at improving international trade and investment liberalization by reducing trade barriers, business facilitation thanks to business transactions cost reduction and finally increase economic and technical collaboration between countries. Then in 1995 South Korea became a member of WTO (World Trade Organization) which intend to supervise international trade. It provides a framework for negotiating and formalizing trade agreements The year after the country became a member of OECD (composed by 34 nearly all developed countries) which provides each country members tools to monitor and analyze their economic policies. As an example, in 2012 during the OECD's Ministerial Council Meeting, held in Paris, The Republic of Korea participated to the adoption of policies regarding international growth and employment. This means South Korea decided to increase its globalization and overall competitiveness of its economy. Since the creation of the Free Trade Area Roadmap (2002-2003), Republic of Korea has vigorously pursued collaborations with its most important partners. Up to now, FTA (Free Trade Agreement) were signed with India, Peru, Singapore, Chile, ASEAN, European Union, United States and EFTA (European Free Trade Association) which is an intergovernmental organization composed by Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway and Switzerland. We will focus on FTA signed with European Union, EFTA and ASEAN (which is also called...
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...ASSIGNMENT ON INTERNATIONAL TRADE (Course no: Mgt-310) TOPIC: ECONOMIC INTEGRATION SUBMITTED TO: Dr. MD. ATAUR RAHMAN PROFESSOR DEPARTMENT OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES UNIVERSITY OF DHAKA SUBMITTED BY: GROUP: 08 ROLL: 127, 128, 141, 154, 211, 212, and 213 SEC-B, BBA 16TH BATCH DEPARTMENT OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES UNIVERSITY OF DHAKA DATE OF SUBMISSION: 09.07.12 ECONOMIC INTEGRATION CONTENTS SL. Topics No. 1. Meaning and level of Economic Integration 2. Objectives of Economic Integration 3. Importance of Economic Integration 4. Benefits from of Economic Integration 5. Arguments for of Economic Integration 6. Arguments against of Economic Integration 7. Economic Integration of Asia 8. Economic Integration of America 9. Economic Integration of Europe 10. Economic Integration of Africa 11. Modes of Economic Integration 12. Problems of Economic Integration 13 Danger of Economic Integration 1. Meaning and Level of Economic Integration: Meaning of Economic Integration: Economic Integration means agreements between groups of countries in a geographic region to reduce and ultimately remove tariff and non-tariff barriers to ensure free flow of goods, services and factors of...
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...• no. 2/2010 REGIONAL ECONOMIC INTEGRATION IN ASIA: THE TRACK RECORD AND PROSPECTS By Razeen Sally Razeen Sally (razeen.sally@ecipe.org) is Director of ECIPE and on the faculty of the London School of Economics www.ecipe.org info@ecipe.org Rue Belliard 4-6, 1040 Brussels, Belgium Phone +32 (0)2 289 1350 ECIPE OCCASIONAL PAPER ExECuTIvE SuMMARy This is the season for regional-integration initiatives in Asia. There is talk of region-wide FTAs, and there are east-Asian initiatives on financial and monetary cooperation. But grand visions for Asian regional blocs are not achievable. Regional economic integration is most developed in east Asia, but only because of manufacturing supply chains linked to global markets. South Asia is the most malintegrated region in the world. And east and south Asia are much less integrated in finance than they are in trade and FDI – due to highly restrictive national policies governing financial markets. Asia’s existing FTAs are “trade light”. They are largely limited to tariff cuts, but have barely tackled non-tariff regulatory barriers in goods, services and investment, and are bedevilled by complex rules of origin requirements. An APEC FTA initiative has gone nowhere – entirely predictable given such a large, heterogeneous grouping. An east-Asian or a pan-Asian FTA, by discriminating against third countries, would compromise regional production networks linked to global supply chains. Moreover, huge economic gaps and enduring political...
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...1 of 17 Xianghui(Ray) Chen 2153583 China and Global Financial Crisis US-Led TPP VS China-Backed RCEP —Applying Main IR Theories To US Policy-Making Process And Relevant Developments The backdrop of the TPP and RCEP WTO and TPP TPP and TTIP are drawn from the two precedent successful free-trade experiments, the EU and NAFTA(North American Free Trade Agreement). EU originated from the European Coal and Steel Community, before developing into the Common Market and further into European Community, and finally, into the EU. 1The ‘living’, ‘evolving’ treaties and agreements of the EU very much guide the living agreement of TPP/TTIP. NAFTA originated from CUSFTA (Canada-US FTA), which was implemented in 1989, and followed by NAFTA, ratified in 1994. Both EU and NAFTA existed before the WTO finally replaced GATT at the beginning of 1995. The replacement not only greatly expanded sectoral coverage but also replaced the GATT’s quite weak dispute-settlement mechanism.2 The liberalization and integration of trade had mainly proceeded under the auspice of WTO prior to the year 2000. With the evolvement characterized by the widening of the trade agenda to include the movement of people and not just that of goods, services, investments and capital,3 international society called for an update of the WTO. Although the Doha round did inspire some discussion in 2001, developing states fundamentally refused to open their market to the services and goods of the developed ones...
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...President Aquino: APEC Philippines 2015 to Build More “Inclusive Economies”inShare The Philippines is intent on building on the significant breakthroughs in trade and economic sustainability achieved by APEC member economies this year in China and ensuring that the benefits are widely felt, said President Benigno Aquino III on the eve of the archipelago’s commencement as APEC 2015 Chair. Establishing a more inclusive economic environment across the Asia-Pacific will be the focus of collaboration in APEC over the coming year, revealed President Aquino in a kick-off speech in Manila on Monday evening. It set the tone for the APEC Informal Senior Officials’ Meeting on 8-9 December in Legazpi City, Albay that will mark the first assembly of member economies as part of APEC Philippines 2015 and decide their agenda priorities. “One week from now, we’ll be demonstrating a thousand per cent effort – the first visitors for APEC 2015 will set foot in our country, and the Philippines will have the distinct privilege of hosting the next chapter in one of the largest joint efforts to improve trade and cooperation amongst major economies,” said President Aquino. “Here, within our communities, leaders from government and the private sector will map out the future of the Asia-Pacific.” “This gathering’s significance is magnified when one considers that, in a world where many economies are reeling from uncertainty, Asia-Pacific economies have, for the large part, sustained a relatively...
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