...your group so that each member can work on different dimensions of your research subject. Economic Issues related to the BRICS China: Facing the 21st Century China is without doubt currently the most dynamic force in Asia; it may be the most dynamic force in the world. Moreover, if China continues along its present trajectory, its growth will inevitably change the face of Asia. How did China do this? Where is China heading? What is happening in China? How did China do this? • What are economic strengths and challenges facing China today? • What is the impact of China's growth on other Asian countries? • What are the critical next steps for China in terms of its currency? What are their problems? India: Facing the 21st Century Some say we need to talk about “Chindia” as the new dynamic growth economy. India alone has shown growth of over 9 percent and is one of the fastest growing nations in Asia. • What are India’s economic strengths and challenges? • How did India achieve its growth? • Where is India heading with regards to China? • What is the impact of India's growth on other Asian countries? Brazil: Should it be part of BRICS? With slow growth and low saving to GDP ratio some question if Brazil should be included in the BRICS economies. But it is more developed than China or India....
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...increasing domestic cost pressures, Asia may also become a new source of global inflation. Asia’s exports of capital to advanced economies may shrink as the region rebalances and outflows should focus more on portfolio investment and foreign direct investment (FDI). In the coming decade, a potential crisis in a major Asian economy such as China could trigger the next global recession. SUMMARY: History: more than 1000 years before the industrial revolution, the combined share of China and India in the world economy was routinely greater than 50% (but whether they will assert influences on the world economy depends on assumption of sustainability) 1993: the East Asian miracle, HPAEs (world bank 1993), no China India 1997-1998 Asian financial crisis (triggered by the withdrawal of foreign capital from the region, however, excessive borrowing, overheating economies and declining investment returns in previous years had already laid the foundations) 1999, 2000: most Asian countries recovered 2008 GFC may accelerate the shift of global economic gravity toward Asia and probably reinforced the prediction of a new Asian century: during GFC, China &India stay 9% growth rate, and HK…. With negative rate, but...
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...International Management: Managing Across Borders and Cultures, Text and Cases, Seventh Edition SEVENTH EDITION FEATURES • Streamlined text in eleven chapters, with particular focus on global strategic positioning, entry strategies and alliances, effective cross-cultural understanding and management, and develop- ing and retaining an effective global management cadre. The seventh edition has been revised to reflect current research, current events and global developments, and includes company examples from the popular press. In Chapter 1, we introduce trends and developments facing international managers and then expand those topics in the context of the subsequent chapters. For example, we discuss developments in globalization and its growing nationalist backlash— in particular resulting from the global financial crisis. We discuss the effects on global business of the rapidly growing economies of China and India and other emerging economies such as those in Africa, and the expansion of the EU; the globalization of human capital; and the esca- lating effects of Information Technology and the global spread of e-business. We follow these trends and their effects on the role of the international manager throughout the book. For exam- ple, in Chapter 6 we focus further on strategies for emerging markets, while also dealing with changing strategies to respond to economic decline around the world and an increasing level of nationalism in some industries; we have a section on...
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...first 20 years of the 21st century China is entering a new development stage to comprehensively build a prosperous society and to accelerate its modernization drive. China views these two decades as a period of great strategic opportunity which should be pursued vigourously. From an international perspective, peace and development remain the central themes of our era, and China is working to achieve this peaceful environment for development. From a domestic perspective, 25 years of economic reform and opening up have laid a solid basis for development, and China has achieved favourable conditions to accelerate development. However, opportunities are always accompanied by challenges. A key challenge for China is to adopt new thinking and ideas for development and make a new breakthrough in reform, so as to tightly grasp and make a full use of this opportunity to further promote its modernization drive. I. CHINA’S DEVELOPMENT TRENDS AND ISSUES China has experienced rapid economic growth since the late 1970s when economic reform and opening policies was initiated. From 1978 to 2004, China’s GDP grew by a yearly average of 9.5 per cent, the highest levels of GDP growth in the world. China has successfully maintained its sustained and rapid economic growth in recent years by improving and strengthening macro-control policies. Confronted with the external shocks of the Asian financial crisis of 1997–1998 and the global economic slowdown in 2001–2002, China adopted proactive fiscal...
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...International Research Journal of Social Sciences_____________________________________ ISSN 2319–3565 Vol. 2(8), 48-54, August (2013) Int. Res. J. Social Sci. India and China: Prospects and Challenges Mehraj Uddin Gojree Department of Political Science, Aligarh Muslim University, U.P., INDIA Available online at: www.isca.in Received 16th July 2013, revised 27th July 2013, accepted 12th August 2013 Abstract This paper seeks to assess the future prospects and challenges of the relationship between the two rising giants of Asia namely China and India. As they both are rising as great powers, their mutual relationship will have a significant impact not only on Asia, but on the whole world. At present, the nature of their relationship is something mixed i.e., growing cooperation in the field of trade and commerce along with distrust and mutual suspicions in the strategic fields whether political or geographical. For these apparent factors, the future relationship between India and China can be characterised by the cooperation in those fields whether mutual, regional or international which may be beneficial for the peaceful rise of both these states and confrontation, competition, and even hostility in some other areas where the respective interests of both the giants clash with each other, for example, the border issue, relationship with other countries particularly US and Pakistan, their encirclement policies, competition for energy resources, nuclear arms race...
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...On August 11 and 12, a forum on the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) convened in Xinjiang, in northwestern China. According to Xinhua, the event was attended by “[m]ore than 300 officials and delegates from companies, think tanks and social organizations” from both China and Pakistan. Under the CPEC, China and Pakistan plan to build infrastructure to connect Gwadar Port in Pakistan with Kashgar in Xinjiang. The project has become a “flagship project” of China’s Silk Road Economic Belt, although it was proposed in May 2013, a few months earlier than the broader economic belt. As a sign of its important place in the overall strategy, the CPEC was the first project to receive an investment from China’s $40 billion Silk Road Fund, providing partial financing for the $1.65 billion Karot hydropower project in Pakistan. Pakistani President Mamnoon Hussain predicted that the CPEC will be “a monument of the century” during his February 2014 visit to China. The forum in Xinjiang this week ended with the issuing of the “Karamay Manifesto” on the CPEC, which “praised the significance of the Belt and Road Initiative and 21st Century Maritime Silk Road initiative for the political trust, economic cooperation and cultural exchanges of the countries along the road,” according to Xinhua. China and Pakistan also signed 20 cooperation agreements, worth $1.6 billion, at the forum. Chinese media did not provide details on the contents of the agreements, although Xinhua mentioned general...
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...Global Warming Global warming is one of the most serious challenges facing us today. To protect the health and economic well-being of current and future generations, we must reduce our emissions of heat-trapping gases by using the technology, know-how, and practical solutions already at our disposal. Global warming has become perhaps the most complicated issue facing world leaders. On the one hand, warnings from the scientific community are becoming louder, as an increasing body of science points to rising dangers from the ongoing buildup of human-related greenhouse gases produced mainly by the burning of fossil fuels and forests. On the other, the technological, economic and political issues that have to be resolved before a concerted worldwide effort to reduce emissions can begin have gotten no simpler, particularly in the face of a global economic slowdown. After years of preparation for climate talks taking place in Copenhagen through Dec. 18, 2009, President Obama and other leaders announced on Nov. 15 what had already become evident that no formal treaty could be produced anytime soon. Instead, the leaders pledged to reach a placeholder accord that would call for reductions in emissions and increased aid to help developing nations adapt to a changing climate and get access to non-polluting energy options. This would in theory give the nations more time to work out the all-important details. Negotiators would then seek a binding global agreement in 2010, complete with...
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...This paper will explore factors that contributed to the devaluation of the peso against the dollar, the affect it has on business opportunities for trade (importing and exporting), and the Argentina’s Government intervention to recovery. Additionally, this paper will illustrate the incompatibility between Argentina and the IMF (International Monterey Fund), and show the downfall of the IMF’s influence in Argentina. Furthermore, this paper will explain how the HSBC should maintain its status of investments and strategies in Argentina, and factors that should be monitored. Economic Crisis: Argentina and the HSBC Past to Present In the beginning of the 21st Century, Argentina’s economy prospered with a booming 5 percent annual growth rate over a three-year span; this economic phenomenon would not last. By the mid-21st century, Argentina was printing money to finance munificent benefits for workers, and protectionist measures were establishment. This intervention only led to poor productivity and crated a weakness in the structure of Argentina’s economy. During the 1980s, inflation became an epidemic that reached a high point (hyperinflation) twice and the collapse of two banks. Additionally, the people lost faith in the Argentina currency (peso), which led to shipping capital abroad and investing in the U.S. dollar (Daniels, Radebaugh, & Sullivan, 2011, pp. 333-334). Over the next decade, new economic policy was established; privatization of various state-run organizations...
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...ADVANTAGES and DISADVANTAGES of SOME COMMON LEADERSHIP STYLES and EVALUATION OF HOW TO IMPLEMENT THEM BEST in the 21st CENTURY Name:Lei Jie Student Number:139105483 Tutor Name: Nathan Lomax Word Count:982 WORDS Module Number:MODULE LE2023 As international companies become more and more powerful, their leaders are faced with the responsibility for their survival and development. Being aware of different leadership styles could help them to make the right decisions. This essay looks at three common leadership styles, evaluates their strengths and weaknesses and examines how they may be implemented in the 21st century workplace. Although it may be difficult to classify people under specific headings, having awareness of different styles could be a benefit to managers. One leadership style identified by Goleman (2000) is the coercive style. This kind of leadership is synonymous with dictatorship, where only one person presides with absolute authority over the followers or workers(“Autocratic Leadership Style,” n.d.). The coercive leadership style is most often associated with negative leaders. People with coercive traits, a means of control, often give compulsory orders and need absolute obedience, or severe punishment is awaiting. It might inhibit the organization’s flexibility and weaken employees’ incentive. Employees’ under long-term emotional domination would feel depressed and stressful. However, today, autocratic leadership, used correctly, remains distinctly...
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...Acme, a US firm is currently focusing on investing in and penetrating markets in China. This decision can only be made if there is complete and diligent research conducted into various factors about China. Once a decision is made as to whether the venture will be profitable, the CEO still needs to weigh the outcome of conducting business in a climate that does not keep in standing with what the company’s views are. Background As the beginning of the 21st century, the People’s Republic of China is in the midst of a change. This transition affects the culture, economy and social structure of the country. “The old certainties, which epitomized the iron-tight grip of the Communist Party…have long since been replaced by the more liberal but unclear policies…of subsequent regimes” (Buckley et al, 2010). I the past, if a company or individual was in pursuit of a profit, they were considered “counter revolutionary” and considered enemies of the republic. This view has since changed, although the Communist party still holds power. This new reform has brought on very big questions. By what business rules will the country abide? How will the current business culture change or be reinvented, after all, commerce has been outlawed for nearly 40 years? From where will the country draw the rules that it will follow? It is reasonable to believe that faith based values would come into play, but China is an atheist state. So, they look to the past. One must remember that this is...
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...keeps us hydrated, it makes plants grow, and much more. Unfortunately, China cannot enjoy water because they are currently facing a water scarcity crisis with almost no water to survive. There are many causes to this problem. China has changed from a poor country to a country leading industrial powers of the 21st century and this crisis can make the country go back to where it started. China relies on their three main rivers; the Yangtze, Yellow, and Pearl Rivers for water and there are some glaciers that are shrinking, which is bad because that's one of the ways the rivers get fresh water. At first glance the water situation wasn't so bad in China, but in north China the water situation is...
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...assets merit to the Federal Reserve Bank for 79.9% equity of the AIG. The Federal Reserve Bank along with the U. S. treasury around May 2009 extended the potential monetary boost to the AIG, with the enhancement support in form of $70 billion investment, of which $60 billion was channeled on credit line as well as $52.5 billion to purchase mortgage-based properties belonging to or insured by AIG, raising the total sum available to around $182.5 billion. AIG later sold some of its subsidiaries as well as other assets in order to settle down loans, and carry on with enticing buyers of its properties. American International Group AIG origin can be traced from 1919, when Cornelius Vander Starr located an insurance corporation in Shanghai, China. Starr became the first Westerner to offer insurance services to the Chinese in Shanghai, which he sustained until AIG moved...
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...Jiangwei Wang Dr. Werner WRT 110 10 May 2014 China Open Up Birth Control Policy Recently years, China’s government has recognized some disadvantages that the One-child Policy resulted, so the government decided to implement a new policy. The one-child Birth Control Policy was established to limit communist China’s population growth. There are both some advantages and disadvantages between China’s old birth control policy and China’s new birth control policy. But generally, it is obvious that the new China birth control policy is adjusted more to modern society than the old China’s birth control policy. The old policy caused some social problems. It restricted economic development. And the new policy could solve some social problems which the One-child Birth Control Policy caused. The One-child Birth Control Policy caused some social problems like sex ratio imbalance and abortion. Both the new policy and the old policy have great effects on population. The One-child Birth Control Policy stipulates people that one parent can only have one child. After the Second World War, China had a population explosion which caused social problems such like food shortage and famine. To resolve this situation, China’s government decided to establish a policy to limit the population growth which is China’s birth control policy. China successfully controlled its population growth after they stipulate that policy. In 2013, the China’s government decided to implement a new birth control...
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...introductory part, here we explain some words about the ABB Company on that time. In 1997 Goran Lindahl took over from Barnevik as CEO of the technology giant and is feeling the demanding market and shareholder pressures. After joining he declared ‘I want to make ABB a company that encourages and demands innovation from all of its employees, and a company that creates the environment in which teamwork and innovation flourish,’ ABB has different priorities in different markets. Western Europe and North America are the company’s biggest markets. However, the high-potential markets are the Middle East, Africa, Latin America and Asia. These markets are growing fast, and ABB expects to have half of its customers in these regions not long into the 21st century. The priority is on building local manufacturing, engineering and other forms of added...
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...China and India: Opportunities and Challenges Evaluate the Evolving Balance of Economic Power Shift from the West to the East The last two decades there has been a visible shift in economic power from the West to the East. China and India are taking lead in as the economic power posing the weight and dynamism to transform the 21st-century global economy. Though the two have radically different economic strengths and weaknesses the two are expected to deliver a very high growth for decades (Cravens and Piercy, 2010). Since 1979, the two have had a steady and positive GDP curve with China average of 10.92 percent and India India average of 6.01 percent (Trading Economics, 2015). Factors such as outsourcing and education have played an important part in the two countries economic growth. In 2001, outsourcing to China and India have diminished American employment opportunities and cost America 3.2 million jobs (US News. 2014). Competition with low-wage workers from less-developed countries such as China and India has driven down wages for workers in U.S. manufacturing and reduced the wages and bargaining power of similar, non-college-educated workers throughout the economy. The United States graduates roughly 70,000 undergraduate engineers annually, whereas China graduates 600,000 and India 350,000 (Wadhwa, Gereffi, & Ong, 2004). US is concentrating mostly on finance and accounting while the two nations see growing in engineering or life science. According to...
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