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China Rules

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Para lograr el crecimiento y la rentabilidad en la tercera mayor economía del mundo, las multinacionales necesitan un liderazgo fuerte. China atrae a los extranjeros, sin embargo la ubican como uno de los destinos más difíciles para los expatriados. El problema, dice el autor, es que muchos ejecutivos enviados a conducir operaciones en China están mal equipados para hacer frente a desafíos únicos en el país. Y es difícil de superar ese obstáculo, ya que en China se exigen habilidades que van más allá y, en algunos casos, el conflicto con la enseñanza y la práctica estándar de negocios.
Ejecutivos extranjeros deben ser expertos en el cambio de la forma de administrar cotidianas. La investigación de la autora - que incluye entrevistas con los jefes de negocios de China de alrededor de dos docenas de empresas - confirma que el éxito requiere la comprensión cultural y la adaptabilidad, conocimiento del mercado, la capacidad de detectar y responder a los rápidos cambios, y el apoyo de la sede. Lo más importante, los líderes efectivos tienen la capacidad de jugar un papel crucial que los occidentales suelen considerar como contradictorios: por ejemplo, son todavía estratégicos prácticos, sin embargo, la crianza autoritaria, y la acción impulsada todavía prudente. Por encima de todo, tienen la habilidad intelectual para desarrollar nuevos marcos y capacidades para satisfacer las circunstancias particulares de China.
Este artículo muestra cómo los CEO han modificado sabiduría aceptada para hacer frente a sus desafíos más grandes en China. El mismo muestra como y que hacen para adentrarse a este complicado mercado. Los líderes deben entender el mercado, pero trabajar con el estado, adaptarse a las condiciones locales, pero implementar estándares mundiales, el pago por desempeño, sino para construir un lugar de trabajo centrada en las personas, reducir los costos, pero mantener la calidad, y reconocer la complejidad, sino definir prioridades claras.
CEOs exitosos aseguraran la alineación entre las estrategias y los objetivos del gobierno chino por descifrar las prioridades de los Estados y hacerse una idea de cómo funciona la maquinaria burocrática. Las conexiones son sin duda útil, pero los líderes experimentados saben que también deben demostrar su contribución del proyecto al desarrollo de China. Cada proyecto en China es aprobado dependiendo el efecto y la aportación que tenga este al país. Cada negocio debe ser proyectado como un beneficio para China, y no meramente como un espacio a bajo costo.
China es un país muy conocido por sus problemas con la contaminación, corrupción, productos inseguros y por el robo de propiedad intelectual, pero no por esto significa que el gobierno permita que empresas extranjeras sean parte de esto. El gobierno es mas fuerte y rígido con las empresas extranjeras que con las locales. Cada empresa debe adaptarse a un nuevo entorno, mas no perder sus principios guiados por los cuidados estandarizados. En este caso, hay que educar a los empleados de ese país a trabajar bajo ese nuevo concepto y promover un lugar de trabajo seguro.
En este país, los empleados no se retienen solo por salarios u oportunidades de crecimiento, sino ms bien es el compromiso que se crea entre la persona y la empresa. Para allegarse al personal los expertos se vuelven mas responsivos con sus gente. Inclusive, aumentan sus auspicios y sus trabajos sociales, para asi demostrar el compromiso por su gente. En los Estados Unidos, usualmente, existen políticas que no permiten que haya mucha interacción entre los jefes y empleados fuera de horas laborables, en muchos casos han sido hasta penalizados. Es aquí donde podemos ver que tan diferente y que tipo de intereses tienen las culturas. Mientras que acá las relaciones son mas frías y distantes, al otro lado del mundo buscan ese apoyo personal dentro y fuera de la empresa. Esto es para demostrarle que no están por el dinero si no por darle una mejor calidad de vida a sus trabajadores.
Aunque constantemente se este buscando bajar costos en una empresa, no siempre puede ser asi. Muchas veces bajar costos puede debilitar tu producto. Su calidad se ve afectada y la imagen de la empresas corrompida. Una de las cosas que se esta haciendo en China es la creación de nuevos productos, con costos manufacturables mucho mas bajos pero sin afectar productos que ya están en el mercado.
La posibilidad de rechazar las oportunidades que no tienen sentido estratégico requiere una comprensión de los negocios de la compañía, así como el valor y la autodisciplina. Se mantienen en dirección correcta mantener definiendo claramente las prioridades: estratégicas, éticas, operacionales y personales, y ceñirse a ellas. Liderar negocios en China, es tanto un reto profesional como personal. Los expatriados se enfrentan a barreras culturales y lingüísticas que nublan las percepciones y bloquean el acceso a la información.
Tener un sistema bueno de soporte es crucial en cambios como estos. No solo el respaldo de colegas en el país que te encuentres, sino que tengas el respaldo de las oficinas centrales y que se creen relación en un entorno de organización global. El respeto es clave, en estas transacciones multinacionales. Tanto respeto por su compañero como por el país al que visitan.

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