...optimal currency area theory 5 2.1.2 Theory of international trade settlement currency 5 2.1.3 Financial deepening theory 6 2.2 RMB internationalization related definitions 7 2.2.1 The definition of RMB internationalization 7 2.2.2 The basic development policy of RMB internationalization and path 7 2.2.3 The overview of RMB internationalization process 9 3 The main historical experience of currency internationalization 12 3.1 Internationalization of the dollar 12 3.2 The internationalization of EURO 13 3.3 The yen internationalization 14 3.4 Summary of this chapter 15 4 The free trade area construction to promote the internationalization of the RMB 16 4.1 International comparison of free trade area 16 4.1.1 The EU 16 4.1.2 The china-Asian free trade area 16 4.2 The relationship between Free trade and the internationalization of RMB 18 4.2.1 The policies and their interpretation of Shanghai free trade area 18 4.2.2 Marketization of RMB exchange rate 20 4.2.3 The RMB interest rate marketization 21 4.2.4 RMB offshore market 22 4.3 The crisis and the risk of free trade zone 23 4.3.1 Risk of RMB business 23 4.3.2 Financial liberalization should be Shanghai free trade zone boundary 24 4.3.3 Risk control and benefit gambling is two limit of free trade area 25 5 Conclusion 26 References List 27 ABSTRACT In contemporary society, all countries in the world to establish a free trade area as an effective way of promoting...
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...* Module Code: PM003 • Class/Group: Section 4 • Assessment Title: Project Report • Assignment Title: RBS move to China • Tutor Name: Paul Hunter • Student ID Number: 2149275 • Date of Submission: 12th June, 2014 Contents Introduction 2 PESTEL analysis 2 Political: 2 Economic: 3 Social: 3 Legal: 4 Environmental: 5 Technological: 5 SWOT analysis 6 Strength: 6 Weakness: 6 Opportunities: 7 Threats: 8 SWOT integrations: 9 Entry Mode and Analysis: 10 Marketing strategy 12 Product: 12 Promotion: 13 Place: 13 Price: 13 Public relations: 13 Reference: 14 Introduction China is the second leading economy entities in the world, and still remains a high GDP growth rate in recent years (BBC, 2011). Along this high economy development rate, there would be lots of opportunities for RBS to develop its business in china, and this report is to analyze china’s macro marketing environment and evaluate opportunities for RBS entering china. This report consist of four parts: PESTEL analysis, SWOT analysis followed by entry modes and marketing strategy. PESTEL analysis Political: Before china’s new leadership Xi Jinping come to power, china issued several positive financial reforms include: increase foreign debt quotas, relax QFII (Qualified Foreign Institutional Investors) scheme entry requirement and loosen policies toward equity investment holdings for foreign companies. (Leung and Yung, 2012:12). After Xi Jinping taking control, he accelerates...
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...currency in the world. On 17 August 2010, PBoC issued policy to allow Central Bank, RMB offshore Clearing Banks and offshore Participating Bank to invest the excess RMB in debt securities, in onshore Inter-bank Bond Market. In October, China further open up both FDI and ODI in RMB (Pilot RMB Settlement of Outward Direct Investment) and nominated Xinjiang as the first pilot province (which in early 2011 expanded to 20 pilot areas). In June 2013, United Kingdom became the first G-7 country to set up an official currency swap line with China. As of July 2014, 25 countries have signed the RMB Bilteral Swap Ageeement with PBoC with total facilities of over ¥2.7 trillion. These agreements tell us that China decided to increase the role of RMB in the world currency market. 2007: Creation of Dim Sum bonds and offshore RMB bond market The dim sum bond market generally refers to RMB-denominated bonds issued in Hong Kong. The majority of dim sum bond are denominated in CNH, but some are linked to CNY (but paid in USD). In July 2007, dim sum bonds worth a total of US$657 million were issued for the first time by China Development Bank. These financial assets were issued to foreign investors in renminbi, rather than the local currency. In June 2009, China allowed Financial Institutions in Hong Kong to issue dim sum bonds. HSBC was the first FI that issued RMB Bond (dim sum bond). In August 2010, McDonald was the first corporate that issued dim sum bonds. In October, the Asian Development...
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...GENERAL FRAME Since Deng Xiaoping's “Open Doors Policy” (改革开放) in 1978, China has been consistently achieving significant economic growth which has been constant at an average of 10% for the past 35 years or so. Today China became the largest exporter, the largest manufacturer and the second largest importer and economy in the world (only right after the USA). With the increase of GDP, the consumption of luxury goods, and therefore the growth of the luxury market, also increased, and increased to the point that China is now among the top nationalities in terms of total sales of luxury goods. In recent years, as a consequence of the increasing of personal wealth, the consumption of luxury goods in Mainland China has been growing, until last year, 2014, when the sales decreased to 15 billion euros (negative growth you -2%) due to three main reasons: the first one the slowing of Chinese economy; the second the tendency of Chinese people to purchase products either abroad or via cross border online platforms since the taxes on the products are lower than in their country; and the last one the government's anti-corruption drive (started two years earlier, in 2012) Regarding this point it is interesting to notice how this particular fact mainly affected the men watches sector, which recorded negative yoy growth rates of -13% (gift giving concept: probably the most popular gift for men). BUT... Nevertheless the small decrease in consumption, the luxury market is still...
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...THE CHINESE MARKET FOR CLOTHING THE CHINESE MARKET FOR CLOTHING Abstract for trade information services ID=42692 International Trade Centre (ITC) The Chinese Market for Clothing. Geneva: ITC, 2012. xi, 92 p. (Technical Paper) Doc. No. SC-11-212.E Survey on Chinese market for clothing - describes the structure and characteristics of the domestic Chinese market for clothing; provides an analysis of the tariff structure of imports by product group; outlines special import regulations, customs procedures, transport, as well as requirements relevant to packaging, labelling, standards, and ethical trading; examines the market potential, the consumer preferences and behaviour; provides an overview of the distribution channels, the major brands, the procurement practices including the use of e-commerce and ICT procurement; highlights the key players in China's textiles and garment market, the possibilities for cooperation along the value chain, and the existing national support schemes; appendices include contacts details of sector related companies in China. Descriptors: Clothing, Standards, Packaging, Distribution, Procurement, Electronic Commerce, Consumer Behaviour, Market Surveys, China. For further information on this technical paper, contact Mr Matthias Knappe, (knappe@intracen.org) 2011 SITC-84 CHI English The International Trade Centre (ITC) is the joint agency of the World Trade Organization and the United Nations. ITC, Palais des Nations, 1211 Geneva 10, Switzerland...
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...THE CHINESE MARKET FOR CLOTHING THE CHINESE MARKET FOR CLOTHING Abstract for trade information services ID=42692 International Trade Centre (ITC) The Chinese Market for Clothing. Geneva: ITC, 2012. xi, 92 p. (Technical Paper) Doc. No. SC-11-212.E Survey on Chinese market for clothing - describes the structure and characteristics of the domestic Chinese market for clothing; provides an analysis of the tariff structure of imports by product group; outlines special import regulations, customs procedures, transport, as well as requirements relevant to packaging, labelling, standards, and ethical trading; examines the market potential, the consumer preferences and behaviour; provides an overview of the distribution channels, the major brands, the procurement practices including the use of e-commerce and ICT procurement; highlights the key players in China's textiles and garment market, the possibilities for cooperation along the value chain, and the existing national support schemes; appendices include contacts details of sector related companies in China. Descriptors: Clothing, Standards, Packaging, Distribution, Procurement, Electronic Commerce, Consumer Behaviour, Market Surveys, China. For further information on this technical paper, contact Mr Matthias Knappe, (knappe@intracen.org) 2011 SITC-84 CHI English The International Trade Centre (ITC) is the joint agency of the World Trade Organization and the United Nations. ITC, Palais des Nations, 1211 Geneva 10, Switzerland...
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...คูมือการคาการลงทุนไทยในจีน สถานกงสุลใหญ นครเซี่ยงไฮ มีนาคม 2556 จัดทำโดย สารจากกงสุลใหญ ณ นครเซี่ยงไฮ ทุกวันนี้ คงไมมีใครปฏิเสธไดถึงความสำคัญของตลาดจีน ตลาดขนาดใหญที่นับวัน จะมีกำลังซื้อสูงขึ้นสืบเนื่องจากเศรษฐกิจที่พัฒนาอยางรวดเร็วและตอเนื่อง ความเจริญทางเศรษฐกิจนี้ มิไดจำกัดอยูเฉพาะเมืองศูนยกลางเศรษฐกิจดั้งเดิมของจีนเทานั้น แตไดแผขยายไปยังหัวเมืองชั้นรอง ตางๆ ซึ่งมีอัตราการเจริญเติบโตที่สูงไมแพเมืองศูนยกลางดั้งเดิม หรืออาจจะมากกวาเสียดวยซ้ำ ปรากฏการณการขยายตัวของเขตเมือง และการเติบโตของชนชั้นกลางอยางรวดเร็วในจีนไดนำมาซึ่ง โอกาสทางธุรกิจ และเปนเสมือนแมเหล็กดึงดูดใหธุรกิจจากนานาประเทศสนใจที่จะเขาสูตลาดแหงนี้ ไมเวนแมแตประเทศไทย และคำกลาวที่คุนเคยกันดีวา “ถนนทุกสายมุงสูจีน” ก็ยังคงเปนจริงอยูใน ปจจุบัน แตการมุงสูจีนของธุรกิจตางชาติก็มิใชจะราบรื่นเสมอไป ผูที่ไดมีประสบการณในจีน แลวตางเห็นพองกันวา การทำธุรกิจในตลาดแหงนี้เต็มไปดวยความทาทาย ไมเพียงแตวัฒนธรรมการ ทำธุรกิจและภาษาที่แตกตาง แตยังมีกฎระเบียบที่ซับซอนและเกี่ยวของกับการอนุมัติจากหลาย หนวยงาน ของจีนเปนอุปสรรคสำคัญสำหรับธุรกิจตางชาติ ซึ่งหากขาดการศึกษาอยางดีแลวก็ยอม กระทบตอการกาวเขาสูตลาดแหงนี้อยางหลีกเลี่ยงไมได ดวยเล็งเห็นความสำคัญของขอมูลกฎระเบียบในการทำธุรกิจในจีน โดยเฉพาะใน สาขาที่ไทยมีศักยภาพ สถานกงสุลใหญ ณ นครเซี่ยงไฮ โดยการสนับสนุนงบประมาณจากกระทรวง การตางประเทศ จึงไดจัดทำ “คูมือการทำธุรกิจในจีน” ฉบับนี้ขึ้น โดยความรวมมือจากบริษัท KPMG สาขานครเซี่ยงไฮ ซึ่งเปนบริษัทที่ปรึกษาดานธุรกิจชั้นนำของโลก คูมือดังกลาวประกอบดวยขั้นตอน...
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...Company Pursuing the Chinese Market Research paper Authors: Nicole Elze, Gediminas Gargasas, Weili Gu, Francia Solórzano Class: MIBM Group A, 2015 - 2016 Group name: SEHCH Date: 11 January 2016 Place: Groningen 0 Abstract The consumer demand for high quality healthy food in East China is increasing and is thus attractive for businesses in the food industry. This paper assessed the Chinese food market from a perspective of a Dutch food company, which is willing to export. Four aspects of international business were covered, namely the involvement in international markets, value chain, dynamic capabilities and marketing. Both perspectives, current theoretical body of knowledge and most recent market information, have been combined to provide a complete and current situation of the food market in China. In the current literature, little is found regarding the Chinese consumer behavior especially towards foreign high quality food. The paper presents the most relevant information on four aspects of international business with an additional focus on marketing and potential clients and distributors in order to lay a foundation for any food exporter willing to export to China. 1 Table of contents 1. Introduction ................................................................................................................................... 3 2. Methodology ...........................................................................................
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............................. 6 2. Trade in Goods ................................................................................................................................... 7 2.1 Bilateral Trade between Australia and China .............................................................................. 7 2.2 South Australian Trade with China .............................................................................................. 8 2.2.1 Disaggregated Analysis of South Australian Trade with China ........................................... 8 2.2.2 South Australia’s trade and comparative advantage ........................................................... 9 2.2.2.1 South Australia’s Revealed Comparative Advantage in comparison to other States and Territories .......................................................................................................................................... 12 2.2.2.2 2.2.2.3 Disaggregated Analysis of Key Agricultural Products ....................................................... 18 2.2.2.4 Possible Impacts of ChAFTA Commitments on Agriculture for South Australia ............... 20 2.2.2.5 3 Disaggregated Analysis of Key Non-agricultural Goods ................................................... 14 Wine Sector ....................................................................................................................... 22 Trade in Services and Investment .............
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...| Hong Kong and Shenzhen’s Coopetition in Logistics Industry | Assignment 2 – LGT5013 Transport Logistics in China | | | CHAN PUI YUK, SIMON 10670562GFUNG MEI SHAN, JO 10670090GLEUNG TING CHEUNG, VINCE 10609081GLO WING LING, WINNIE 10634888GYIP KIM HUNG, CURTIS 09608879GYUEN MAY YEE, ELSA 10670039G | Executive Summary Hong Kong Port, being the world busiest port for 12 years from 1992 to 2004, is globally well known and this container port industry became one of its vital economic pillars. Such a prosperous development began in 1970s with the boom of manufacturing business activities. The effect on the end of ‘close-door policy’ of China was reflected in early 1990s due to the launching and the rapid development of ports among Pearl River Delta. Hong Kong started to face severe challenges from the neighboring ports, its market share drops significantly since 1997; whereas that of Shenzhen grows rapidly. The goal of this paper is to analysis the current situations of Hong Kong Port and its relationship with neighboring ports in Shenzhen; and to derive possible strategies for Hong Kong to maintain and sustain its competitiveness under these circumstances. Table of Contents Chapter 1: Introduction 1 Chapter 2: Analysis 3 2.1 Hardware 3 2.2 Software 6 2.3. SWOT Analysis 10 2.4 Logistics Synergy (Co-opetition) of Hong Kong Plus Shenzhen 11 Chapter 3: Solutions 12 3.1 Framework Agreement 12 3.2 CEPA 12 3.3 PRD A5 Group 13 3.4 National 12th Five-Year...
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...efforts, has been developing rapidly since the 1990s. In recent years, China has become the world’s largest automotive producer, with annual vehicle output of over 18 million units in 2011. China is now also the world’s biggest market for automobile sales. Meanwhile, China’s auto sector development and policies have caused concerns in the United States, from automotive trade, China’s failure to effectively enforce trade agreements and laws, to market barriers and government policies that increasingly favor Chinese manufacturers, which could affect business operations and prospects of international companies doing business in (or with) China. China’s auto industry has developed extensively through foreign direct investment, which has come in the form of alliances and joint ventures between international automobile manufacturers and Chinese partners. These international automobile manufacturers, who generally dominate the higher end of the Chinese market, have focused on making cars for China’s large and fastgrowing market. The domestic Chinese automakers, who occupy the lower end of the market, struggle to improve design and quality to expand sales overseas. China exports and imports relatively few vehicles. Most of the cars produced in China stay in China and its vehicle exports are mostly light trucks and passenger cars shipped to developing country markets. Automotive trade between the United States and China has increased in recent years,...
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...• Deepika Kumari wins bronze at Antalya Archery World Cup. She was the only Indian who made it to the last four in individual women’s recurve competition as veteran Dola Banerjee, Satbir Kaur and Snehal Divakar all lost in the first round. In the Antalya 2015 recurve women’s event Misun Choi and Bo Bae Ki from South Korea won gold and silver medal respectively. • Punjab to observe 2015-16 as Year of Development. It was announced by Chief Minister Parkash Singh Badal, in Dhuri Assembly segment of the state. • Dilawar Singh of Haryana has won ‘Pedal for Kashmir’ cycling competition, held along the banks of picturesque Dal Lake in Srinagar. Mohammad Akbar Khan came runner up, followed by another local cyclist Mohammad Adil Teli. While in the under-19 category of the competition for Boys, Mohit Kumar won the first prize. Wahid Ahmad Ganie was placed second, while Amir Sadiq Gojriin finished third. In the girls under-19 category, Komal Deshmuk from Maharashtra, beat local girl Bushra Ali to the first position. State Minister for Public Works Altaf Bukhari gave away the prizes to the winners. • Ace Indian shooter Gurpreet Singh has secured India a fifth quota place in shooting for the 2016 Rio Olympics. He achieved this feat by finishing fourth in the Men’s 10 metre Air Pistol final at the International Shooting Sport Federation (ISSF) Shooting World Cup held in Munich, Germany. Earlier, in same world cup Abhinav Bindra, India’s only individual Olympic gold-medallist, had won a quota...
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...Red Cloud Rising: Cloud Computing in China by Leigh Ann Ragland, Joseph McReynolds, Matthew Southerland, and James Mulvenon Research Report Prepared on Behalf of the U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission September 5, 2013 Revised March 22, 2014 After the publication of this report on September 5, 2013, Microsoft brought to the authors’ attention new information about its partnership with Chinese company 21Vianet. The original version of the report inaccurately characterized certain aspects of the Microsoft-21Vianet partnership. A revised discussion of this partnership is provided on pages 32-34. The authors would like to thank Microsoft for their assistance in clarifying the details of 21Vianet’s Windows Azure service. Disclaimer: This research report was prepared at the request of the Commission to support its deliberations. Posting of the Report to the Commission's website is intended to promote greater public understanding of the issues addressed by the Commission in its ongoing assessment of U.S.-China economic relations and their implications for U.S. security, as mandated by Public Law 106-398 and Public Law 108-7. However, it does not necessarily imply an endorsement by the Commission or any individual Commissioner of the views or conclusions expressed in this commissioned research report. i About Defense Group Incorporated Defense Group Inc. (DGI) performs work in the national interest, advancing public safety and national security through innovative...
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...DISCLAIMER The information contained in this report is given in good faith and was derived from sources believed to be reliable and accurate. The report was prepared by students as a required component of their academic assessment. The reader should not act on the basis of any information or recommendations contained in the report without seeking specific advice from the firm's professional advisers. While due care has been taken in the preparation of this document, Murdoch University together with its academic supervisors and students accepts no responsibility for errors or omissions, nor do they guarantee its accuracy. OFFICE USE ONLY Submission date OFFICE USE ONLY Submission date ASSIGNMENT COVER SHEET (INDIVIDUAL OR GROUP) Please complete and attach this form to your assignment. All assignments must be submitted to lecturer on the stipulated submission date. Name | LIANG TIANSHU JOEL, GOH WEI SIONG, LEE WEI TECK BRANDON, CHENSON ANG, LIM MING YAO | | Unit Code | BUS323 | Unit Name | INTERNATIONAL MANAGEMENT | Class Code | PT-BUS323D | Local Lecturer’s name | DR. JUERGEN RUDOLPH | Assignment No. (i.e. 1,2,3) or ‘short answer’ | MAJOR PROJECT | Your assignment should meet the following requirements. Please confirm this by ticking the boxes before submitting your assignment √ My assignment is double-spaced and clearly legible √ My assignment is written on one side of page only √ I have provided a wide margin...
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...Table of Contents Business Summary 2 Vision Statement & Corporate Values 2 Rankings 2 Market Share 3 Stock Chart – 5 Year Performance 3 Financial Highlights 4 History 5 Key Executives 6 Strategy 7 Customer Centricity 7 Value-added Services Business 9 Supply Chain and IT Systems 9 New Store Openings 10 Mergers & Acquisitions 10 Employees 11 Key Competitors 12 5-Year Performance vs Key Competitors 13 Appendix 14 Business Summary Best Buy is a specialty retailer of consumer electronics, home-office products, entertainment software, appliances and related services in a superstore format. It operates retail stores and commercial Web sites in the U.S., Canada and China, under the brand names Best Buy (BestBuy.com and BestBuyCanada.ca), Future Shop (FutureShop.ca), Magnolia Audio Video (MagnoliaAV.com) and Geek Squad (GeekSquad.com and GeekSquad.ca). As of Feb 25 2006, Best Buy operated 742 Best Buy stores, 20 Magnolia Audio Video stores and 12 Geek Squad stores in the U.S.; and 118 Future Shop stores, 44 Best Buy stores and five Geek Squad stores in Canada. Best Buy operates two reportable segments: Domestic and International. The Domestic segment is comprised of all U.S. store and online operations, including Best Buy, Magnolia Audio Video and Geek Squad. Magnolia Audio Video stores offer high-end audio and video products, and services. Geek Squad offers residential and commercial in-home computer...
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