...Analyze the Effects of Financial Globalization on China's Financial System Introduction With the development of financial globalization, the free flow of international capital contributes a lot to the development of the world economy, however, many short-term speculative capital wandering around the world with rapid speed and complex means have impacted on developing countries’ financial markets, which constantly induce financial instability and crisis. And fluctuations due to capital flows also makes the international financial turmoil have a huge ripple effect and zoom effects. Financial globalization has exacerbated the instability and the risk of global economy and financial development, so financial security is increasingly becoming an important part of national security .In this essay, we are going to talk about the impact of financial globalization on China’s financial market and what the measures will be taken to ensure the security of China’s economy. The main performance of financial globalization 1. Globalization of capital flows is the most prominent manifestations of financial globalization. Since the 1980s, the scale of international capital flows has continueally expanded, while financial technology and financial innovation and the development of various financial derivative helps accelerate the speed of cross-border flows of international capital. By using computer and modern finncial technology, on one hand hundreds of millions of funds can move...
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...Financial intermediation 陈鸣杰 F1003 201048950504 CONTENTS The process of financial intermediation………………………………..2 The deposit-taking financial intermediaries…………………………..4 The non-deposit-taking financial intermediaries………………………6 The Impact of non-depository financial institutions…………………..9 How to facilitate the transfer of liquidity from surplus to deficit units in the economy………………….. ………………….. …………………..10 The process of financial intermediation In a market economy, the savings - investment into the process is carried out around the financial intermediaries to financial intermediation of savings into investment in the basic process of institutional arrangements. The basis of the existence of financial intermediaries such as the field has been the concern of financial. Financial intermediaries to discuss the issue, we must first make the meaning of the definition of financial intermediaries. Financial intermediation by the banking financial intermediaries and the general non-bank financial intermediaries form, specifically including commercial banks, securities firms, insurance companies, and information consulting services and other intermediary institutions, finance is the core of modern economy. Books related to financial intermediation. In the modern market economy, the financial activities closely with the economy, the scope of financial activities, quality directly affects the performance of economic activity...
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...Table of Contents Introduction 2 Population 2 Economic Structure and Major Industries 2 Major Firms 4 China’s Stock Market 6 China Securities Regulatory Commission 7 Legal Enforcement of IFRS 8 Summary of contents of financial statements 9 Transition Process of Accounting Standards 10 Auditing Standards 11 Full convergence with International Standards 11 Verification of Capital Contribution 13 Comparison of China’s old GAAP and IFRS 14 Accounting Education in China 15 The Chinese Institute of Certified Public Accountants 15 The CICPA Overview 15 The CICPA Examination 16 Accounting Student 18 China’s Cultural Influences on Accounting 19 Appendix 1. Comparison of CASs and ISAs (As of 2006) 22 Appendix 2. Accounting Firms in China 24 Introduction Population In 2012, China's population amounts to 1.3 billion – an increase of 365 million since 1980. Yet, population is growing at a decelerating pace and should reach its peak in less than two decades. Current methods of population control will be relaxed as the growth of population slows. The fertility rate is presently 1.6 births per female (below replacement level) and is expected to remain at that level in the medium term. The median age is steadily rising and by 2011 it was 35.5years –16.9 years greater than the figure for 1980. In fact, population aging is occurring more quickly in China than in most other countries. The country's working age population will begin to fall by 2017...
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...Yinzhi Miao Oversea Listing and State-Owned-Enterprise Governance in China: the Role of the State LL.M. Long Paper Harvard Law School Supervised by Prof. Reinier Kraakman and Mark Roe April 2012 Oversea Listing and State-Owned-Enterprise Governance in China: the Role of the State Yinzhi Miao Abstract: There are both considerate horizontal and vertical governance problems in the Chinese state-owned-enterprises (SOEs). Due to their privileged positions in the political economy, traditional institutions of corporate governance are far from perfect. Thus the value of oversea listing as a governance mechanism is highlighted, and that could be better revealed by a deeper analysis of the benefit-and-cost balance by the government which controls the SOEs. However, effective as it is, oversea listing could not be a marvelous antidote to all governance ills. Further, as the two major governance disasters of oversea listed SOEs shows, if the government lacks a proper self-positioning, nontrivial negative implications will be brought to SOEs governance via oversea listing. The ultimate function of corporate governance in SOEs thus relies heavily on public governance. Key words: state-owned-enterprises, oversea listing, corporate China governance, 2 Table of contents I. Introduction ....................................................................................................................4 II. The Governance problems of Chinese SOEs and the limitations of...
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...OTC market is an important part of multi-layered capital markets, and reflects investment and financing needs of the general concerns of SME. In addition to the main board, OTC market provides more diversification, more flexible transaction methods, and more complicated and customized securitization product. Mostly, the enterprises listed in OTC market are SMEs in the early growth stage, with underperformed corporate governance, management and unpredictable profitability. As a result, the risk of OTC securities, particularly the market risk turns out to be relatively high. With the expansion of GEM and the growth of regional OTC markets, transaction explodes in volume. Therefore, it has become an important issue for the domestic and abroad securities legislation research and practice how to ensure the OTC market sustainable development and protect the investors’ interest. In recent years, although Chinese scholars had conducted in-depth research on the OTC market's regulatory system and learned a lot from foreign market about OTC market construction, there are still problems to further clarify. On our securities practitioners opinion, we comprehensively use the knowledge ranged from civil law, economics sociology to practical experience, study and analysis the OTC market regulation. We will discuss the problem through six thorough sections. The first part analyzes the fundamentals of OTC market establishment, and we particularly contemplate the OTC legislate characteristics. ...
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...Brazil’s Government Bond Market: A liquidity mechanism or crowding-out effect? It is the country that leads the infamous BRICs, coined by Jim O’Neill, Brazil. The 5th largest country in the world now also boasts an almost corresponding, 6th largest economy in the world, recently overtaking the once economic powerhouse, the UK. As far as Latin America is concerned, Brazil is the flesh and blood proof that success stories can come out of a perpetually hopeless case that is Latin America. As recently as November 2011 Standard & Poor’s upgraded sovereign dollar-denominated foreign debts to BBB from BBB- and government’s local currency debt from BBB+ to A- . Renewed hope in the last decade and a half in Brazil’s strong macroeconomic fundamentals and a commitment by it’s three previous and current governments has signaled with enough longevity to the market that Brazil is a good place to investment. With foreign financial managers constantly in the hunt for higher returns, Brazil is a paradise for high returns with relatively lower risk as far as emerging market countries are concerned. The confidence in the market for Brazilian securities has allowed the government to galvanize this huge source of funding for their gargantuan financing needs. With a stable level of over $350 billion in foreign currency reserves, a weakening yet stable economy and strong leadership on the monetary and fiscal side of politics, the Brazilian government has been able to issue huge amounts of bonds...
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...Part 3 Fundamentals of Financial Institutions Chapter 7 Why Do Financial Institutions Exist? Chapter Preview A vibrant economy requires a financial system that moves funds from savers to borrowers. But how does it ensure that your hard-earned dollars are used by those with the best productive investment opportunities? Copyright ©2015 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 7-3 Chapter Preview In this chapter, we take a closer look at why financial institutions exist and how they promote economic efficiency. Topics include: •Basic Facts About Financial Structure Throughout the World •Transaction Costs •Asymmetric Information: Adverse Selection and Moral Hazard Copyright ©2015 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 7-4 Chapter Preview (cont.) • The Lemons Problem: How Adverse Selection Influences Financial Structure • How Moral Hazard Affects the Choice Between Debt and Equity Contracts • How Moral Hazard Influences Financial Structure in Debt Markets • Conflicts of Interest Copyright ©2015 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 7-5 Basic Facts About Financial Structure Throughout the World • The financial system is a complex structure including many different financial institutions: banks, insurance companies, mutual funds, stock and bonds markets, etc. Copyright ©2015 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 7-6 Basic Facts About Financial Structure Throughout the World • The chart on the next slide shows how nonfinancial business attain...
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...premises. LOCATION ATTRACTIVENESS | | PEOPLE ATTRACTIVENESS | | INFRASTRUCTURE | HIGH | QUALITY OF POEPLE | MEDIUM | COUNTRY RISK | MEDIUM | COST OF HIRING PEOPLE | MEDIUM | TIME ZONE ATTRACTIVENESS | HIGH | TYPE OF SKILLS | LOW | | | ENGLISH PROFICIENCY | MEDIUM | TOTAL | HIGH | | LOW | Global Services Location Index The ‘Global Services Location Index’ (GSLI) 2014 by A.T. Kearney is the sixth edition of the report in which the consulting firm examines the offshoring landscape in 51* countries around the globe, and ranks the top destinations for global offshoring. To come to this ranking, three main categories were researched; financial attractiveness, people skills and availability, and business environment. The weight given to these metrics is based on their importance to the location decision. ‘Financial factors’ constitute for 40% of the published index. ‘People skills and availability’ and ‘business environment’ both account for 30% of the total weight. CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF BRAZIL FOR OUTSOURCING Trends in Brazil that support sourcing. In 2009 Population – 193.7 million (fifth largest in the world) GDP – US$1574 billion (eighth largest in the world) GDP per capita – US$8220 (57th) GDP (PPP) as a % of world...
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...Section‐B Case Study: A Bill with A Class Act The role of a well‐functioning financial market is to create conditions wherein the savings in the economy can be smoothly channelized into investments. To make this transmission smooth and attractive for all stakeholders, it’s important that everyone plays by the rules. So, the rules have to be well defined and the interests of all stakeholders adequately protected. Stock markets in India are regulated and monitored by the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI). Its mandate is to work for the betterment of the market and protect investors’ interest. SEBI constantly works towards improving the rules and laws governing the stock markets and this year was no different. It made several changes in areas such as compliance by listed companies, improving the quality and presentation of information for investors at the time of public issues, and making the grievance redressal system more investor friendly. However, the most important change of the year was the passage of The Companies Act, 2013, which will bring in significant changes in the way companies function and is likely to better protect the interest of shareholders. Among other things, the new law provides details for the buyout of the minority shareholders and simplifies the rules for mergers. The most notable idea of the Act is the provision for class action suit. Shareholders and depositors in a company can now hold the management accountable in case of wrongdoing...
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...International Review of Business Research Papers Vol. 8. No.1. January 2012. Pp. 20 - 32 Pricing of Liquidity Risk in Emerging Markets: Evidence from Greater China Kuntonrat Davivongs1 and Pantisa Pavabutr2 This paper used the liquidity adjusted capital asset pricing model of Acharya and Pedersen (2005) to examine the liquidity risk of stocks in two retail-based equity markets, China and Taiwan during the period of 1996-2008. We found that the proportion of liquidity risk overwhelms market risk, unlike the findings in US markets. As a pricing factor, the evidence indicated that systematic liquidity risk was more important than market risk in Taiwan. In China, crosssectional differences in individual firm liquidity explained differences in returns. JEL codes: G12, G15 Key Words: Asset Pricing, Liquidity Risk, Emerging Markets 1. Introduction The diversity of liquidity features and their importance in asset pricing have been an active area of research. The main conclusions drawn from existing works are that there exists commonality in liquidity (Chordia et al., 2000, Huberman and Halka, 2001, Hasbrouck and Seppi, 2001) and that investors demand premium from illiquidity (Amihud and Mendelson, 1986, Brennan and Subrahmanyam, 1996, Datar et al., 1998, Amihud, 2002). What is less understood is the relative importance of market risk to liquidity risk. In an attempt to shed light on this issue, Acharya and Pedersen (2005) used an equilibrium model as a framework to measure...
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...issue of the AJM, under the title “Anatomy of a Credit Crisis.” I include below the June preamble, in which I assay a framework for understanding the genesis of the crisis. December, 2008: IN ITS LEADER of October 13, 2008, the Financial Times characterized the western world’s banking system as suffering “the equivalent of a cardiac arrest.” The collapse of confidence in the system means that “it is now virtually impossible for any institution to finance itself in the markets longer than overnight.” This occurred less than a month after Lehman Brothers (LB) collapsed, without bailout. Six months earlier Bear Stearns (BS) had been bailed out after JP Morgan Chase (JPM Chase) had bought it for $10 a share, at the regulator’s urging. After LB fell, who would be next? And if LB, who was not at risk? Despite the earlier U.S. government bailouts of the erstwhile government mortgage originators (and still seen as government-sponsored enterprises, or GSEs), the Federal National Mortgage Association (Fannie Mae) and the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (Freddie Mac), and the later bailout of the world’s largest insurer, American International Group (AIG), everything changed with the demise of LB. The FT was describing the freezing of the interbank credit market. After LB’s fall, so-called counterparty risk was seen as prohibitive to prospective lenders, at any price. This was revealed in the TED spread, the difference between the cost of interbank lending, the London Inter Bank Offered...
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...Introduction and Motivation 1 2.0 Literature Review 2 3.0 Theoretical Framework 4 3.1 Stakeholder Theory 4 3.2 Positive Accounting Theory 5 3.2 Efficient Market Hypothesis 7 4.0 Discussion and findings 8 5.0 Conclusion 10 Reference 12 Relationship between Fair Value Measurements with Investor Confidence during Global Financial Crisis Abstract As investor, the needs of information which can reflect accurate financial information matching with current market condition is essential. Using fair value methods and measurement for asset valuation is one of the best accounting methods which can reflect current market condition accurately. But FVA cannot be separated from the critique especially when global financial crisis hit the world. Critique said FVA decrease investor confidence to invest in market which made more illiquid market during the time. In this paper, our aim is to find the relationship between fair value accounting, method, and measurement with investor confidence. We have been searched the data from previous journal that has been worked before to prove our assumption which are Fair value has decrease investor confidence and investor rely on information which is provided only by fair value measurement. 1.0 Introduction and Motivation There have been many studies on the role of FVA to global financial crisis (GFC) which may result in different opinion and open debate in the future. Most of the past research papers consist of the focus of this paper which...
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...How Capital Markets Enhance Economic Performance and Facilitate Job Creation BY WILLIAM C. DUDLEY US CHIEF ECONOMIST GOLDMAN, SACHS & CO. BY R. GLENN HUBBARD DEAN COLUMBIA BUSINESS SCHOOL NOVEMBER 2004 How Capital Markets Enhance Economic Performance and Facilitate Job Creation BY WILLIAM C. DUDLEY US CHIEF ECONOMIST GOLDMAN, SACHS & CO. BY R. GLENN HUBBARD DEAN COLUMBIA BUSINESS SCHOOL Introduction Our main thesis is that well-developed capital markets generate many economic benefits, including higher productivity growth, greater employment opportunities, and improved macroeconomic stability. To focus on these significant benefits, we examine three issues: (1) the importance of capital markets in facilitating superior economic performance, (2) how the capital markets foster job creation, and (3) the necessary preconditions for the development of well-functioning capital markets. Our analysis focuses on two particular sets of comparisons. First, within the United States, how has macroeconomic performance improved over time as the capital markets have become more dominant? Second, across countries, can one explain the superior macroeconomic performance evident in recent years in countries that have well-developed capital markets such as the UK and the US relative to countries such as Germany and Japan, in which the capital markets are much less developed? We highlight the impact of capital market development on the economic performance of the United States...
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...GLOBAL MARKET ASSESSMENT FOR HANDICRAFTS VOLUME I FINAL DRAFT JULY 2006 This publication was produced for review by the United States Agency for International Development. It was prepared by Ted Barber and Marina Krivoshlykova of Development Alternatives, Inc. GLOBAL MARKET ASSESSMENT FOR HANDICRAFTS VOLUME I FINAL DRAFT The authors’ views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of the United States Agency for International Development or the United States Government. FOREWORD This paper was written as part of the Accelerated Microenterprise Advancement Project (AMAP) Business Development Services Knowledge and Practice (BDS K&P) research initiative. The AMAP BDS initiative’s major objective is “integrating micro and small enterprises into productive value chains to create wealth in poor communities.” The research draws on experience and insights from: • Interviews with leading handicraft buyers in the United States, the European Union, and the Caribbean, including importers and retailers currently sourcing from Haiti, those who have done so in the past, and those who source handmade products from other destinations; • Interviews with market experts, such as product development consultants, designers, enterprise development consultants, and marketing specialists who work with handicraft producers in developing countries; • Discussions with market experts and USAID at a roundtable conducted in Washington...
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...Overview of the Hong Kong Capital Market Located in the heart of Asia, Hong Kong positioned itself to be a major international financial center of the continent. Its capital market is comprised of integrated network of institutions and markets which provide a wide range of products and services to local and international customers and investors. Hong Kong’s financial markets are characterized by a high degree of liquidity and operate under effective and transparent regulations, which meet international standards. The Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR) abides by the principle of keeping intervention into the way in which the market operates to a minimum and has endeavoured to provide a favorable environment in which business operates. Its policy of low and simple taxation allows maximum room for business initiatives and innovation. There is a strong emphasis on the rule of law and fair market. There are no barriers of access to the market by foreign businesses and no restrictions on capital flows into and out of Hong Kong. Hong Kong’s privileged location in the Northeast Asia, on the other hand, makes it a gateway to China. Moreover, Hong Kong is situated at appropriate time zones that allow 24-hour continuous trading of foreign exchange and gold when the two markets in New York and London are closed. II. Financial Players and Intermediaries in Hong Kong Preview:A closer look at the financial markets As of July 2010, there were 146...
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