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Submitted By HarryZHAO
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The definition of corruption !
Corruption, simply speaking, means the abuse of power for illegal monetary transaction.
The World Bank defines corruption as the abuse of public office for private gains.
However, when it comes to a definition in concrete terms which contain too much connotation. The forms of corruption depend on who is initiators or profiteers, what approaches are and the scale. In addition, the causes and the results of corruption are diverse. And it can be traced in both governments and civil societies, in economic systems, in administrative systems and in judiciary systems etc. According to Arnold Heidenheimer, when we attempt to define corruption, the various meanings among different languages and culture should be taken into consideration. On the contrary, Diego Gambetta is in favour of “a core concept for corruption”. At the present, many interpretations depend on the sense of rules and violation. That is to say, no matter how broad and complicated the concept is, it can reflect rules and violators who against those rules can be identified and punished. !
In the Chinese context, there are two major definitions which can be applied to China in the transition period. yansun For those who are in favour of a tough enforcement and party disciplinary, they would like to provide a more broad-based definition which includes public offices, public interest and public opinions factors. By contrast, for those who are in favour of a effective effacement and market efficiency, they would focus on the abuse of public office. Though there is no formalistic answer to the question on what the definition is, this paper would use a definition corresponding with the Chinese context. The corruption is defined as the abuse of authority or the public power by occupants in the government or the party to gain private interests.

(de Sardan, 1999, 25). This

interpretation narrows down to the public office level which focuses on the abuse of public power in the political activities. !

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