...The one-child policy is the one-child limitation in the population control policy of the People's Republic of China. The Chinese government refers to it under the official translation of family planning policy. It officially restricts married, urban couples to having only one child, while allowing exemptions for several cases, including rural couples, ethnic minorities, and parents without any siblings themselves. A spokesperson of the Committee on the One-Child Policy has said that approximately 35.9% of China's population is currently subject to the one-child restriction. The Special Administrative Regions of Hong Kong and Macau are completely exempt from the policy. Also exempt from this law are foreigners living in China. This policy was introduced in 1978 and initially applied to first-born children in the year of 1979. It was created by the Chinese government to alleviate social, economic, and environmental problems in China, and authorities claim that the policy has prevented between 250 and 300 million births from its implementation until 2000, The policy is controversial both within and outside China because of the manner in which the policy has been implemented, and because of concerns about negative social consequences. The policy has been implicated in an increase in forced abortions, of female births, and has been suggested as a possible cause behind China's gender imbalance. Nonetheless, a 2008 survey undertaken by the Pew Research Center reported that 76% of the...
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...The Information Office of China’s State Council, launched its own criticism of the U.S. as “the world judge of human rights” (“China Hits Back”), and denounced the apparent distor-tions of the PRC’s human rights record. For example, the report condemned the United States for the following: Firearms-related crimes threatening the well-being of Americans; elections that do not fully reflect the real will of its citizens. Using for example, the 2012 presidential race, which had a voter turnout of only 57.5 percent; finally, criticizing the income gap of the United States as the greatest in the developed world (“China Hits Back”). Japanese Comfort Women Although further back in history, Ambassador Cong also criticized the government of Ja-pan for...
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...Accident. As Wan Ming pointed out, “Western rights pressure since 1989 has had an indirect impact”. Since the US and some other countries put strong pressure on Chinese government, Beijing realized that legal form is a necessity in human rights progress (Wan). However, after noticing the democratization could “erode the party dominance”, CPC (Communist Party of China) choose to resist the pressure from Western (Wan). The most severe critiques of China’s human rights come from the one child policy. China adapted birth control since the population pressure since Mao era; and then, China became the only country that “using legislation and administration power to control the birth rate”(Chen). Since China has a traditional patriarchal mentality misconception, there are many baby girls being abandoned. As Chen cited the statistic from Sarah Lubman, “Close to 800,000 baby girls abandoned or killed in a single region between 1971-80 alone” (Chen). Not only that but more human rights problems come up in the progress when government enforced the One-Child policy. “Because of the ideological authoritarianism that is in the back ground of enforcement procedures”, government used some illegal methods as the forced abortion or sterilization. The...
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...© Kamla-Raj 2004 J. Soc. Sci., 8(1): 23-27 (2004) Exploring the Forms of Child Abuse in Nigeria: Efforts at Seeking Appropriate Preventive Strategies Ifeyinwa Annastasia Mbakogu CHILD ABUSE IN THE NIGERIAN SOCIETY It may be difficult discussing the issue of child abuse in Nigeria without eliciting the African perspective. This is because first as Africans (and later developing nations), there exists a common heritage that seem to signify that similarities in culture or traditions may indicate a commonality of perceptions toward issues regarded as child abuse and eventually, similarities in strategies for addressing the problem. Moving into the African or Nigerian Perspective It is quite a formidable task formulating an effective strategy for the prevention of child abuse. To tackle this problem Marzouki (2002) made an interesting comparison between prevention strategies for child abuse or handicaps and medical management: What measures should be taken to avoid the so-called ‘street children’ pheno-menon? The preventive measures in handicap are different from medical management in type and level. For instance, when a child has a cerebral palsy due to prematurity, he would need drugs and physiotherapy. But preventing prematurity would need, among other things, health education and pregnancy monitoring. Like cerebral palsy, or seizures, sexually abused street children are merely a symptom, but the causes are derived from elsewhere. Of course it [is] the symptoms that have...
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...Counter-Terrorism Efforts The People’s Republic of China recognizes the need for the international community to adopt a comprehensive approach with cooperative measures in a multi-faceted method to combat global terrorism. The world has experienced decades of pointless terrorist attacks--in particular, the tragic loss of life on September 11th, 2001 in The United States. As proven throughout history, force alone cannot fundamentally resolve disputes and conflicts, and the national concept of security based on the use of force and the threat to use force can hardly bring about lasting peace in today’s world. Against this backdrop, an intensive cooperative security measure featuring dialogue and cooperation has emerged as the new global agenda. China’s security concept seeks common security against terrorism threats in developing nations through mutually-beneficial cooperation established through international cooperation against the use of terrorism. Terrorism is a result of complex array of political, economic, and social factors which cannot be resolved by military force alone. Only through strengthening of dialogue and cooperation between nations throughout the world can a fundamental approach to common security be achieved. Estimations show that global terrorist attacks had a significant limiting effect on growth within Nations. Attacks can potentially affect economic growth through a number of channels and can increase uncertainty, limiting investments and diverts foreign direct...
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...OROTON International Marketing Report Student: Erin Burgess Student: Kellie Burmeister Student: Mark Bell Lecturer: Suzanna Mahinder Due date: 25th August 2013 OROTON page 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................. 3 THE OROTON BRAND ....................................................................................... 3 OROTON PRODUCTS........................................................................................ 3 THE CHINESE MARKET .................................................................................... 4 OBJECTIVES ...................................................................................................... 4 TARGET MARKET .............................................................................................. 5 MARKET RESEARCH ......................................................................................... 5 ENTRY STRATEGY ............................................................................................ 6 PRICE STRATEGY ............................................................................................. 7 PRODUCT STRATEGY....................................................................................... 8 PROMOTION STRATEGY .................................................................................. 8 DISTRIBUTION STRATEGY ................................................................................
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...its presence is being felt globally. This is especially true with China’s health care system and the challenges that it is experiencing with its 1.3 billion population. The erosion of China’s socialist ideology was accompanied by an erosion of the government’s subsidy of health services, placing the major responsibilities of providing health care services on regional governments. Unfortunately, the impact of these policies on China’s health care system is not commonly understood, resulting in confusion and propagation of myths. For example, many believe that the Chinese government provides free health care for all citizens, and the population has not accepted Western medicine and relies primarily on traditional Chinese medicine. In addition, it is believed that there is no shortage of nurses, as the majority of care is provided at home. Finally, it is commonly believed that China’s health care issues are different from those of the United States. Exploration of these myths provides us with a better understanding and an improved ability to engage with this emerging economic global leader. Key words: China, Complimentary Therapies, Nursing, Traditional Chinese medicine, Western Medicine HINA’S EMERGING PRESENCE in the global economy has been accompanied by significant shifts in the country’s domestic policy, especially in the area of health care. Erosion of the socialist ideology that shaped China’s political landscape after the World War II is clearly apparent...
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...Rachel Dicker 13164067 1) With reference to theories of growth and development, explain the contrasting growth experience of China and Sub Saharan Africa post 1980. Economic growth, put simply, is “an increase in the amount of goods and services produced per head of the population over a period of time”; development is inextricably linked with this economic growth. By utilising theories of economic growth and development we can see how the Chinese and Sub-Saharan African economies have emerged, but, more notably, we can use these to look at patterns from past and present to show their experience and the implications of this growth for the future. Development has become synonymous for industrialisation. Economic growth comes from increasing the Gross Domestic Product (GDP), this is done by producing more through the addition of more capital and labour. As you begin to use up the factors of production the law of diminishing returns can hinder growth. Therefore, a vital factor for the development of emerging markets is technology, which should be harnessed to improve means of production and other such things to see a progressive economy. In this sense I will be looking at both China and Sub-Saharan Africa to see how technology or the lack thereof has been utilised and the implications this has had on their economies. There are a number of factors that have contributed to Sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries generally not experiencing the rates of growth and development...
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...rises What lessons can be drawn from China's spectacular and sustained economic growth? As Hu Jintau remarked at the 17th Congress of the Chinese Communist Party, the period since the previous Congress five years ago has been extraordinary. China's economic achievements have been arousing not only astonishment and admiration but also some anxiety. In the past twelve months alone, The People's Republic of China (PRC) has overtaken Canada as the biggest source of imports to the USA, and overtaken the USA as the biggest source of imports to the European Union. Concern about the low level of investment in Africa has been displaced by concern about the effects of the high level of Chinese investment in Africa; there is now even anxiety about the effects of investment by Chinese state-owned firms into the Western economies. The Chinese Communist Party is also expressing concerns. The themes of its 2007 Congress included protection of the environment and the achievement of social harmony. According to some estimates, China has displaced the USA as the world's biggest source of greenhouse gases. Inequality is rising as fast as pollution: China now has over 800 individuals with a personal wealth of more than a hundred million US dollars each, up from 500 in 2006; while the average income in rural areas of China is 480 dollars per year. Made in China. Hu Jintau's remark on the extraordinary nature of the most recent years can be faulted in only one sense: China has been making phenomenal...
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...Public Disclosure Authorized Report No. 60155-BD Introducing Energy-efficient Clean Technologies in the Brick Sector of Bangladesh June, 2011 Public Disclosure Authorized Environment, Climate Change, and Water Resources Unit South Asia Region Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized The World Bank 1818 H Street NW, Washington DC, 20433, USA Tel: 202.473.1000 Fax: 202.477.6391 Energy Sector Management Assistance Program (ESMAP) 1818 H Street, NW Washington, DC 20433, USA Fax: 202.522.3018 All rights reserved Manufactured in the United States of America First printing August 2011 Copyright © 2011 Standard Disclaimer This volume is a product of the staff of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/the World Bank. Energy Sector Management Assistance Program (ESMAP) reports are published to communicate the results of ESMAP’s work to the development community with the least possible delay. Some sources cited in this paper may be informal documents that are not readily available. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this report are entirely those of the author(s) and should not be attributed in any manner to the World Bank, its affiliated organizations, members of its board of executive directors for the countries they represent, or to ESMAP. The World Bank and ESMAP do not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this publication and accept no responsibility whatsoever for any consequence...
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...research how family-planning-policies in China (explicitly the so-called One-Child-Policy) have affected economic growth since 1979 and tries to give possible predictions and forecasts on how it could affect economic growth until 2050 through critical model analysis. The Solow model gives theoretical answers but also yields analytical results through calculations subject to different population development scenarios (low, middle, high growth rates). The dependency ratio as a measurement of population age structure is analyzed and implemented into the Solow model to help understand the influence of family-planning-policies. It is shown that the One-Child-Policy affected heavily the last 32 years of China’s economic development and will continue to affect its future, but according to the calculations in this paper, the impact changes from a positive one to a negative one. Acknowledgements I would like to thank Professor Fabrizio Zilibotti for his supervision and for giving me the opportunity to write my thesis at his chair. Especially I would like to thank Yikai Wang for his very valuable and profound support and guidance for this thesis and I would like to thank Monika Egli, Andreas Braun and Rachel Waldvogel for helping me no matter which problems and obstacles I encountered. 2 Contents 1 Introduction 2 Population-Control-Policies and their Effects on Economic Growth in China from 1979 to 2005 2.1 One-Child-Policy in China . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....
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...bad, moderate and good answers to the question so pick out the ways in which you can achieve top band and incorporate this into your plan. June 2015 Examine the impact of government policies and laws on family life. [24 marks] From the mark scheme: Concepts and issues such as the following may appear: patriarchy; familism; surveillance; ideological control; gender regimes; marital breakdown; family structure; family diversity; welfare dependency; underclass; reserve army of labour Policies/laws on abortion; divorce; contraception; reproductive technology; marriage; adoption; pensions; benefits; taxes; education; childcare; child protection; sexuality; immigration may be discussed Analysis and evaluation may be developed, for instance by comparing the impact of different policies/laws or by discussing perspectives on social policy and the family (eg New Right, feminist, functionalist etc) From the examiner’s report: The most successful answers were able to identify relevant policies...
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.................. 2 Special report - Business in India: Inbound and outbound deals: Their oyste ....................................................... 12 Growing confidence dented by politicians .............................................................................................................. 16 BEST CROSS - BORDER M&A DEAL .................................................................................................................. 18 The Literature on Chinese Outward FDI ................................................................................................................ 19 Page 1 of 36 © 2012 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. Economics for Everyone: Going Global–FDI Fables–FDI in Multibrand Retail Economics for Everyone: Going Global–FDI Fables–FDI in Multibrand Retail India Infoline News Service 5,801 words 2 May 2012 Indiainfoline News Service INFOIN English Copyright © 2012. Indiainfoline Ltd. FDI- Foreign Direct Investment Context: NEWS FDI in multi-brand retail to go ahead,TNN (TIMES OF INDIA) Govt says committed to multi-brand retail FDI FE BUREAU Aviation FDI: Cautious, Centre set to take allies on board, BUSINESS STANDARD India has been ranked at the third place in global foreign direct investments in 2009 and will continue to remain among the top five attractive destinations for international investors during 2010-11, according to United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) in a report on world investment prospects...
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...2009 REPORT TO CONGRESS of the U.S.-CHINA ECONOMIC AND SECURITY REVIEW COMMISSION ONE HUNDRED ELEVENTH CONGRESS FIRST SESSION NOVEMBER 2009 Printed for the use of the U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission Available via the World Wide Web: http://www.uscc.gov dkrause on GSDDPC29 with K1 VerDate Nov 24 2008 08:23 Nov 10, 2009 Jkt 052771 PO 00000 Frm 00003 Fmt 6012 Sfmt 6602 M:\USCC\2009\52771.XXX APPS06 PsN: 52771 M:\USCC\USChina.eps Report Documentation Page Form Approved OMB No. 0704-0188 Public reporting burden for the collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington VA 22202-4302. Respondents should be aware that notwithstanding any other provision of law, no person shall be subject to a penalty for failing to comply with a collection of information if it does not display a currently valid OMB control number. 1. REPORT DATE 3. DATES COVERED 2. REPORT TYPE 01 NOV 2009 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE 00-00-2009 to 00-00-2009 ...
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...Marketing in China Before the reforms, under the command economy, Chinese companies took order from the state in production and push the products through state-controlled distribution systems. They never had to advertise, to do consumer research, and to think about marketing strategies. For years, even after the opening and reforms, many Chinese still consider marketing western concept of a dubious practice, something that may be not valid or applicable in China. Marketing proves to be one of the most challenging parts of China operations, perhaps more so than other areas such as accounting, finance, or research & development. For several reasons, First, infrastructure in marketing is underdeveloped, including transportation systems, media development, labyrinth of multi-tier distribution channels, and the severe shortage of qualified marketing personnel. Firms attracted to the longterm potential of this vast country must remember to pay sufficient attention to the basics of producing, distribution and marketing a successful product (Country Commercial Guide 1998), Marketing Strategies In the early 1980s when MNCs first came to China, many thought of China as a huge market with a homogeneous culture and felt standardized global marketing would be effective in capturing the opportunities and improving efficiency. These feelings were confirmed by the desire of Chinese to acquire western technologies and their fascination with products from the West. After living in an economy of...
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