...Chlamydia Introduction to the disease: Chlamydia is a sexually transmitted disease that is caused by the bacterium called Chlamydia trachomatis. This bacterium is found in semen and vaginal fluid. It’s one of the most commonly transmitted sexual diseases in the UK in the last twenty years and it is a curable disease if detected in an early stage. It affects both sexes but women are more at risk than men; especially young women ages 16-25 years. It is called the “silent killer” because the symptoms are not obvious, they are usually asymptomatic, or they have very few symptoms. The main problem with this disease is that its symptoms are not easily detected until it has spread to other parts of the body. Chlamydia affects 1 in 10 sexually active young person; 8 out of 10 women with the infection have little or no effect. 1 in 100 sexually active people under the age of 25 years are infected with Chlamydia. It’s passed from person to person through sexual contacts either vaginal, oral or anal. Sharing of sex toys such as vibrators can also pass the disease. Chlamydia can also reside inside the cervix, urethra rectum or in the throat or eyes of its victims. It can also be passed to unborn child through childbirth. The symptoms can stay in a person undetected for weeks or months. Some of the symptoms of Chlamydia: - In women, Chlamydia, causes unusual vaginal discharge, bleeding between periods or during or after sex, pain during sex or when urinating, and lower abdominal...
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...Journal Article November 22, 2011 “Chlamydia trachomatis Infection Among Women Reporting Sexual Activity With Women Screened in Family Planning Clinics in the Pacific Northwest ,1997 to 2005” Devika Singh ,David Fine, and Jeanne Marrazzo Introduction In 1907 Chlamydia trachomatis was discovered by scientists, chylamydia is a bacterial infection that has been said to have plagued the world for hundreds of years prior to its discovery according to The University of Oregon. Chylamydia is the most common bacterial sexually transmitted infection (STI) in the United States, surpassing gonorrhea infection with an estimated 4 million to 5 million reported cases annually to the CDC. The purpose of this study was to describe the prevelance of and risk associated with Chlamydia infection among women aged 15 to 24 . Specifically those who reported engaging in same sex behavior and attended family planning clinics in the Pacific Northwest from 1997 to 2005. This study is of great significance because “according to the 2002 National Survey of Family Growth ,11% of US women aged to 44 years reported same-sex behavior in their lifetime”( Singh et al. 2011).[1] In the Perspective On Sexual and Reproductive Health Journal there was an article published “Gonorrhea and Chlamydia Infection among Women Visiting Family Planning Clinics: Racial Variation in Prevalence and Predictors” that examined the disproportional infection rate of black women vs. that of white...
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...Chlamydia Trachomatis Chlamydia is currently one of the most prevalent sexually transmitted diseases in the United States. Chlamydial infections can lead to serious complications when not treated. Although it is an easily treated infection, many cases are not treated simply because it is what is frequently called a “silent” infection. The reason it is referred to as “silent” is because most cases show little to know symptoms. So what exactly is Chlamydia? Chlamydia is a sexually transmitted disease which is caused by the bacterium, Chlamydia Trachomatis. Chlamydia Trachomatis is an obligate intracellular parasite. Its life cycle consists of an elementary body stage and a reticulate body stage. The elementary bodies, much like spores, exist outside the host cell and can enter the cell while preventing digestion of lysosomes. Once inside the host cell, they develop into the larger reticulate bodies that can reproduce by binary fission utilizing the ATP generated by the host and transform back into elementary bodies that exit the host to infect neighboring cells. Chlamydia is the most frequently reported bacterial sexually transmitted infection in the United States. There were 1,330,266 cases in the United States in the year of 2012. Of those cases, 22,889 were in Mississippi alone. As of today there have been 1,091,997 cases reported in the United States, and of those cases, 13,925 have been in Mississippi. Chlamydia is most common among young people. Chlamydia prevalence...
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...Chlamydia is the most common sexual transmitted disease in the United States, and that adolescents at the ages of 15-19 have the highest rates of chlamydia worldwide with 5-15% of teens and young adults will be exposed to chlamydia (Caple & Schub, 2014). It is an infectious disease caused by a bacterium called the Chlamydia trachomatis, which is then spread primarily through vaginal, anal, or oral sex (Matteucci & Schub, 2014). About 7% of sexually active female adolescents at the ages under 14-19 already have chlamydia (Schub & March, 2014). Though chlamydia can be prevented by having safe sex and properly being tested; along as being treated with proper antibiotics. The risk factors of leaving chlamydia untreated can result in multiple of complications towards the body. For instance, females may increase the risk of HIV infection and cervical cancer, while males may include epididymitis and possibly infertility (Schub & March, 2014). Without treatment it allows persistent infection until treated and possible transmission to other sex partners. There are many risk factors for...
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...Chlamydia Symptoms and Cellular Mechanisms Name Institution Chlamydia Symptoms and Cellular Mechanisms Chlamydia has since a long time ago tormented mankind as the most ordinarily contracted STD. The disease is brought about by C. Trachnomatis, and the sequencing of the genome, the capacity to comprehend, diagnose, and battle the pathogen is significantly high. Chlamydia has an exceptionally novel life-cycle, rotating between an irresistible rudimentary body, and a duplicating, non-irresistible reticulate body. The bacterium affects its own particular endocytosis upon introduction to host cells. Immediately it arrives in a cell, the basic body sprouts as the consequence of contact with glycogen, and changes to a vegetative, reticulate structure. This structure separates every 2 to 3 hours through double splitting, and has a hatching time of around 7 to 21 days in its host (Hrastar-Kotešić & Hren-Vencelj, 1992). The bacterium is recognized as an incorporation in the cell because it lacks a cell wall. Consequently, the pathogen returns to its basic structure and is discharged by the cell through exocytosis after division. The disease has various symptoms in men and women with rate of infection of women to men being 7: 5. For instance, in women, the symptoms incorporate vaginal discharge, bothering of the pubic region, and inflammation amid pee, lower stomach pain, difficult intercourse, and bleeding from the vagina. Men's indications normally incorporate a reasonable...
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...health of a fetus and newborn. Chlamydia is the most common bacterial STI, followed by Gonorrhea. These two sexually transmitted infections are characterized by cervicitis. Cervicitis is inflammation or infection of the cervix. It can be either symptomless or cause bleeding on contact and purulent discharge of the vagina [ (Ricci, 2013) ]. Chlamydia: Chlamydia is caused by the bacterium known as Chlamydia trachomatis. This bacterium is hard to detect because many women are asymptomatic and do not seek testing. If left untreated it can cause serious and permanent damage to a woman’s reproductive system; such as it can make it very difficult or impossible for a woman to become pregnant and can also cause fatal ectopic pregnancies and pre-term labor [ (Chlamydia-CDC Fact Sheet (Detailed), 2014) ]. It can also spread to a woman’s uterus and fallopian tubes, causing pelvic inflammatory disease, and pelvic pain. If a baby is born to an infected mother, it may contract eye and respiratory infections during childbirth [ (Toro, 2008) ]. Chlamydia is most common among young, sexually active persons aged 14-24. This is nearly three times the prevalence of persons aged 25-39. Chlamydia is 6.2 times more prevalent amongst non-Hispanic black than non-Hispanic whites [ (Chlamydia-CDC Fact Sheet (Detailed), 2014) ]. Anyone who is sexually active can contract Chlamydia. Chlamydia is transmitted through vaginal, anal, or oral sex. A person can contract Chlamydia through a male partner, even...
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...Health promotion Genital Chlamydia is a sexually bacterial infection that is asymptomatic in most infected individuals and is related with short- term and long- term morbidity. It is caused through unprotected intercourse with another person with Chlamydia and also through contact with other mucous membranes found in the eyes and mouth. The infection mainly affects men in the urethra and for women it is both the endocervix and urethra. Furthermore, the rectum, pharynx and conjunctiva can also be infected. * Anyone who has sexual intercourse can get this infection through unprotected anal, vaginal or oral sex. * Pregnant women with Chlamydia can pass on the infection to their baby during delivery causing an eye infection or pneumonia for the new-born. * Chlamydia occurs worldwide * It is the most common STI that has been diagnosed in GUM clinics with a big increase since mid 1990’s. * Teenage girls and adult men have the highest rates of Chlamydia infections within the UK * reproductive health problem as 10-30 % of women infected can develop pelvic inflammatory disease leading to infertility. Chlamydia is a significant public health issue because of... * Untreated Chlamydia can lead to secondary diseases such as pelvic inflammatory disease, sub fertility and other poor reproductive outcomes. * These secondary diseases caused by Chlamydia has a big impact on the NHS in terms of cost and treatment. Public Health of England reports in...
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...Name: Cheyenne McMillian Causative Agent: Chlamydia trachomatis Disease: STD chlamydia, ocular trachoma Classification of the causative agent: C. trachomatis is a gram – coccoid bacteria History: 15-19 year old women account for half of the carriers of the disease for females. Virulence factors of the causative agent: C. trachomatis has a unique cell wall structure that allows it to hinder phagolysosome fusion within phagocytes. Characterized as gram negative, a notable difference amongst other bacteria’s is that it lacks muramic acid in its cell walls which makes it resistant to antibiotics such as penicillin. Chlamydia also has a type III secretion apparatus (a small needle-like projection) that allows it to inject proteins directly...
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...Chlamydia is asexually transmitted disease (STD) caused by bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis. It is an infection of genital tract. It is the most common sexually transmitted disease in the United States. The disease control and prevention (CDC) has released its annual report on sexually transmitted disease, which shows that the Chlamydia rate increased 8% from 2010,gonorrhea increased 4%,and syphilis decreased 9% in women but increased almost 4% in men, ( sexually Transmitted Disease surveillance 2011).it is the most frequently reported disease in the USA.In 2011,1,412,791 cases of Chlamydia were reported to CDC from 50 states and the District of Colombia, but an estimated 2.86 million infections occurs annually. A large number of cases are not reported because most people with Chlamydia do not have symptoms and do not seek testing. It is estimated that 1 out of 15 sexually active female aged 14-19 years has Chlamydia and generally people aged 14-39 American has Chlamydia.(consumer reports on...
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...Chlamydia is classified as bacteria, but despite being obligate intracellular organisms that lack mitochondria do not produce their own energy and depend on the host cell metabolism. Chlamydia affects both men and women. Usually, people often have no symptoms or they are mild, making complications associated with the disease, can occur without being aware of the problem. Some of these complications may be irreversible, such as infertility in women. History of the disease: Chlamydia is the most common bacterial sexually transmitted diseases in the United States. It is estimated that around 92 million chlamydia infections occurred worldwide in 1999, affecting more women approximately 50 million than men 42 million. Prevalence of chlamydia fluctuates...
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...Chlamydia is an obligate intracellular bacteria that is considered as a parasite due to its nature in it being dependent its host for ATP and other intermediates. There are various types of chlamydia species that includes C psittaci, C trachomatis and C pneumoniae. C trachomatis and C pneumoniae are the only parasites that are infective to human whereas C psittaci are commonly observed in birds or other small mammals. Chlamydia infections are one the most common bacterial infections that is spread via sexual activity which can cause long term effects such as pelvic Inflammatory disease, ectopic pregnancy and infertility. C trachomatis infection causes Trachoma that usually results in conjunctivitis, or lymphogranuloma venereum. C trachomatis...
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...Danielle Sauter-Henson Professor Davis BIOL 215-01 14 March 2017 Chlamydia Etiology Chlamydia trachomatis is among the most common bacteria transmitted within the united states. This specific type of chlamydia can cause several sexually transmitted and congenital diseases such as lymphogranuloma venereum and trachoma. They are nonmotile and their replication can only occur within vesicles of host cells. Originally, scientists believed that chlamydia was a virus because the size of it was small, and also because of its intracellular lifestyle. They later found this to be false because Chlamydia has functional 70s ribosomes, RNA and DNA, (Insert book citation). Two membranes surround chlamydia similar to that of a Gram-negative bacterium, however, they do not possess peptidoglycan and therefore also lack cell wall. The pathogenic structure of Chlamydia trachomatis is the elementary bodies. These elementary bodies start by attaching to the host receptor. They continue, initiating endocytosis within the host cell, causing them to be brought into the vesicle of the host cell. It is at this point that they transform into and initial body while within the vesicle. This initial body is the key to reproduction. These initial bodies multiply very quickly, and the vesicle...
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...Introduction: The aim of this essay is to evaluate the significance of being diagnosed with Chlamydia Trachomatis (C. Trachomatis) Positive. The biological, social and psychological aspects of the disease will be thoroughly assessed by weighing the clinical manifestation, prevention and treatment options for the exemplar lady - Fiona. Majority of infected individuals with chlamydia are asymptomatic, consequently providing an ongoing reservoir of sexually transmitted infections (STIs). In 2014, there were approximately 440,000 reported cases of STIs in England alone, with Chlamydia accounting for 206,774 of the cases. Although much is known about the implications and biological aspects of testing positive for chlamydia, less is known about...
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...According to the Center for Disease Control (2014, para. 2) the bacteria Chlamydia trachomatis causes the sexually transmitted disease of Chlamydia. If Chlamydia goes untreated in women, as it does much of the time, it could lead to more complicated disorders. These include pelvic inflammatory disease, tubal infertility, ectopic pregnancy, and chronic pelvic pain. (CDC, 2014, para. 2) This bacterium is passed through sexual contact of the penis, vagina, mouth, or anus of an infected person. This disease can also be passed from a mother to her baby during childbirth. In a newborn the Chlamydia trachomatis can cause conjunctivitis or even pneumonia. The signs and symptoms of Chlamydia can be difficult to observe, since many people are asymptomatic....
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...What is the Relationship between Being a Young Woman Living in the Urban Area and the Development of Chlamydia Infection? Interamerican University of Puerto Rico NURS 3130 Essentials of Nursing Research Kristi Krieger Professor Ophelia February 1, 2013 1. Balfe, M., Brugha, R., O'Donovan, D., O'Connell, E., & Vaughan, D. (2010). Young women"s decisions to accept chlamydia screening: influences of stigma and doctorpatient interactions. BMC Public Health, 10425-435. In this article they are trying to understand the factors that encourage young women to accept, or discourage them from accepting, STI (sexually transmitted infection) testing. Opportunistic screening entails healthcare providers offering Chlamydia testing to people while they are attending health services that are usually not related to their sexual health. They performed a qualitative study that is to investigate, how young women would feel about being offered opportunistic tests for Chlamydia?; how young women would like to be offered screening, and who they wanted to be offered screening by?; and what factors would influence young women's partner notification preferences for Chlamydia. They put together an interview with 35 young women between ages eighteen and twenty nine. This study was performed in the Dublin and Galway regions of the Republic of Ireland. These young adults were asked to join the study from offices of General Practice, Third Level College health services, Family...
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