...Hyperlipidemia Scenario 1: 1. The resources I will need are brochures and education tools, updated procedural information and testing methods, and information for the pharmacist including parameters and knowledge of the test results. The furnishings I will need are chairs, tables, posters, and drawers or cases to keep and transport supplies. The supplies I will need are anything used for collection of samples including syringes and vials, or kits and devices used for less aggressive testing of cholesterol. 2. Regulations include that the site must be licensed to perform testing and must have a “Certificate of Waiver” license if it performs only waived tests. The sites must adhere to manufacturer’s instructions to perform the test, including “Good Laboratory Practice” such as trained personnel, competency, and evaluation. Must also agree to permit announced inspections of the site. 3. OSHA covers every aspect of workplace hazard avoidance. Regulations include health care workers and needle stick precautions, consistent use of personal protective equipment, and work practice and engineering controls in needle stick precautions. 4. Lipoproteins commonly tested for are LDL, HDL, and VLDL. LDL and HDL are the most important when discussing with a patient. 5. It is best to measure her total cholesterol and HDL. LDL can shoot up significantly after a meal. 6. Yes, her age, smoking, high blood pressure, and close relative put her as a candidate for CHD. 7. She...
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...promotes atherosclerosis and increases the levels of blood clotting factors, such as fibrinogen. Also, nicotine raises blood pressure, and carbon monoxide reduces the amount of oxygen that blood can carry. Exposure to other people’s smoke can increase the risk of heart disease even for nonsmokers. Diet Several aspects of people’s dietary patterns have been linked to heart disease and related conditions. These include diets high in saturated fats and cholesterol, which raised blood cholesterol levels and promote atherosclerosis. High Salt or sodium in the diet causes raised blood pressure levels. Physical Inactivity Physical inactivity is related to the development of heart disease. It also can impact other risk factors, including obesity, high blood pressure, high triglycerides, a low level of HDL (good) cholesterol, and diabetes. Regular physical activity can improve risk factor levels. Obesity Obesity is excess body fat. It is linked to higher LDL (bad) cholesterol and triglyceride levels and to lower HDL cholesterol, high blood pressure, and diabetes. Alcohol Excessive alcohol use leads to an increase in blood pressure, and increases the risk for heart disease. It also increases blood levels of triglycerides which can contribute to atherosclerosis. Cardiovascular disease is a catchall term describing diseases or conditions related to the heart and blood vessels. Heart disease, stroke and high blood pressure are the most common types of CVD. Almost 60 million Americans...
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...Drug Study Atorvastatin(lipitor) fourty mg one tablet once a day at HS eight pm DRUG CLASS AND MECHANISM: Atorvastatin is an oral drug that lowers the level of cholesterol in the blood. It belongs to a class of drugs referred to as statins, which includes lovastatin (Mevacor), simvastatin, (Zocor), fluvastatin (Lescol), and pravastatin (Pravachol) and rosuvastatin (Crestor). All statins, including atorvastatin, prevent the production of cholesterol in the liver by blocking HMG-CoA reductase, an enzyme that makes cholesterol. Statins reduce total cholesterol as well as LDL cholesterol in blood. LDL cholesterol is believed to be the "bad" cholesterol that is primarily responsible for the development of coronary artery disease. Reducing LDL cholesterol levels retards progression and may even reverse coronary artery disease. Atorvastatin also raises the concentrations of HDL ("good") cholesterol that protects against coronary artery disease and reduces the concentration of triglycerides in the blood. Indications Reduce risk of stroke & heart attack in type 2 diabetes patients without evidence of heart disease but with other risk CV factors Reduce risk of stroke, heart attack and revascularizations procedures in patients without evidence of coronary heart disease (CHD) but with multiple risk factors other than diabetes (eg, smoking, HTN, low HDL-C, family history of early CHD) Patients with CHD to reduce risks of MI, stroke, revascularization procedures, hospitalization...
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...Gallbladder Disease The gallbladder is a sac located under the liver. It stores and concentrates bile produced in the liver. Bile aids in the digestion of fats, and is released from the gallbladder into the upper small intestine (duodenum) in response to food, especially fats. In the intestine, bile emulsifies fat, which prepares it for digestion, and then carries it into the cells so it can continue to be metabolized. The function of the gallbladder can be slowed or stopped by disease of this organ. Dr. Hoffman states “Gallbladder disease is a modern illness, with an estimated twenty million Americans have gallbladder disease” (1). With so many Americans affected by this disease let’s take a look at the contributing risk factors associated with gallbladder disease. The cause and contributing risk factors for the development of gallbladder disease are as follows by Dr. Hoffman (1): • Heredity. Gallstones occur slightly more frequently in Mexican Americans and Native Americans but also common in people of northern European stock. • Age. Gallbladder disease often strikes people over sixty years of age. • Gender. In medical school, the “five F’s” help doctors to remember the usual patient with gallbladder disease: fair, fat, forty, fertile, and female. Sexist as it sounds, it describes the group most frequently affected by gallbladder disease: overweight middle-aged white women with a history of several pregnancies. Excess estrogen may be implicated, since hormone replacement...
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...pumpkin seed oil is rich in zinc, insufficient supplement the body, prevention of prostate disease. Pumpkin seed oil also contains a unique steroid, this steroid can effectively help prostate enlargement and debilitating. Regulate blood sugar Pumpkin seeds contain high levels of linoleic acid, can effectively lower blood sugar, is diabetic medicine. Expert studies show that: Pumpkin and pumpkin polysaccharide protein can significantly improve insulin levels in diabetic rats, pumpkin seed oil and protein arginine may improve glucose tolerance in diabetic rats. Regulation of blood cholesterol and triglyceride levels, prevent atherosclerosis. Pumpkin seed oil containing more than 60% unsaturated fatty acids and vegetable protein. It was confirmed that the unsaturated fatty acids can emulsify, blood lipid decomposition, to improve blood circulation to improve serum lipid peroxides clear, the blood cholesterol and neutral fat content decreased, the residence time reducing fat in the blood vessel wall prevent arteriosclerosis. Pumpkin Seed Shelling Machine is a...
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...atoms are saturated with hydrogen atoms. Trans fatty acid are fats that have been created in an industrial process that add hydrogen to liquid vegetable oils so they can become more solid. Trans fatty acids are seen on ingredient labels as “ partially hydrogenated oils”. Hydrogenated fats are considered as trans fats because these fats have been created in an industrial process. Trans-fatty acids are harmful because they raise the bad or LDL cholesterol levels and lower the HDL or good cholesterol levels in our bodies. They also increase the risk of heart disease and strokes and also have been associated with developing type 2 diabetes. Unsaturated fats are found in fish, nuts, seeds and oils from plants. Unsaturated fats are good for the body because they help lower blood cholesterol levels. Fiber helps normalize bowl movements, maintain bowl integrity and health, lowers blood cholesterol levels, helps control blood sugar levels, aid in weight loss, and may even reduce the risk of colorectal cancer. Lipids are known as cholesterol that is a component found in blood fats. Dietary fibers can be found in fruit, vegetables, whole grains, and legumes. Dietary fibers are commonly classified into two categories, insoluble fiber, and soluble fiber. A diet high in fiber decreases the chance of constipation. Also high fiber in the diet may lower the risk of developing hemorrhoids and diverticular disease....
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...parents decided to get my sisters and I tested for high cholesterol and high blood pressure because there were many family members on both sides that had either or both of these diseases. Many family members died from heart attacks as a result of these diseases. I wanted to get test my cholesterol and blood pressure because the possibility of a heart attack in the future scared me. When I got the blood test back, it turned out that I had high cholesterol. My HDL levels were low, and my LDL levels were high. Even though my total cholesterol number was not terribly high, the fact that I had high cholesterol scared me. My parents found a cardiologist that I continue to visit yearly. The doctor put my on a cholesterol-lowering medicine to bring my cholesterol down. He warned me that I would have to continue to take the medicine for a number of years before I could possibly come off of it. I have taken this medicine for six years and continue to take it daily. As I get older, I realize that I do not want to be bound to this medicine for the rest of my life. I know that high cholesterol is genetic, but it can also be controlled by diet and exercise. My cardiologist explained that cholesterol can increase by eating foods high in cholesterol and saturated fat. As I evaluate this, I would like to aim to lower the amount of food I eat high in cholesterol and saturated fat. Over time, this could greatly decrease my cholesterol and reduce the risk of need for my medicine. Also, lowering...
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...Personal Assessments Chapters 9-12 Chapter 9 What Is Your Risk for Heart Disease? Coronary Disease Risk Prediction Score Sheet for Women Based on Total Cholesterol Level Step 7 - Adding Up the points Points Age - 3 Total Cholesterol - 1 HDL Cholesterol - 1 Blood Pressure - 2 Diabetes - 0 Smoker - 0 Point Total -7 Step 8 – 10 yr. CHD Risk Total – 6%. According to the book for men of the same age have a 5% average CHD risk and the low risk is 3%. Ok so according to this I’m doing ok just need to adjust my diet to get it to that 5% range or lower. Chapter 10 Thinking About Chronic Illness 1. I would only be thinking about how do I tell my daughter 2. Me being the person that I am, I would do my best to make the student feel very comfortable in the “new” her, by first giving pleasantries to her and tell her how good it is see her back and give her well wishes in this tough Health 101 class . I would be doing this while giving those that I overheard direct eye contact letting them know my distaste with their comments 3. I would have a family meeting and let them know my situation and explain that life as ordinary is going to change and that I am going to need to lean on their strength as we as a unit get through this difficult time and I need their patience and understanding as I put all my focus and concentration on my well-being. 4. Being that I’m very active and have loads of energy, I would probably accept the fact that it’s no longer a secret, embrace...
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...of healthy diet? * Compare and contrast the physical properties and food sources of saturated and monounsaturated fats * Describe how and where lipids are broken down, absorbed, and transported throughout the body used to make the phospholipids of all of our cell membranes and to make hormones and numerous bioactive compounds. * Describe the significance of the blood tests for HDL and LDL cholesterol. * Describe the roles of omega -3 and omega-6 fatty acids in the body and the importance of achieving a balanced intake. * Justify the recommendation to eat fatty fish instead of relying on fish oil supplements. * Describe the formation and structure of trans fatty acids, and discuss the possibility of eliminating them from the diet. * Develop a diet plan that provides enough of the right kinds of fats within Calorie limits. Introducing Lipids Lipids in foods and in the human body fall into three classes. 3 Classes of Lipids: 1. Triglycerides – about 95% 2. Phospholipids – (of which lecithin is one) 3. Sterols – (cholesterol is the best known of these) Usefulness of Fats in the Body When people speak of fat, they are usually talking about triglycerides. The term fat is more familiar. Fat is the body’s chief storage form for the energy from food eaten in excess of need. The storage of fat is a valuable survival mechanism for people who live a feast-or-famine existence. Fats also provide most of the energy needed to perform...
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...Group project – Essay Supporting the article: According to the popular science theory of cholesterol, foods that are rich in animal fat and cholesterol can cause the artery walls to thicken, thus impairing blood flow. This condition is called atherosclerosis. But the question is, is it the high cholesterol that causes the artery walls to thicken, thus creating the potential for a heart attack? LDL is a lipoprotein that enables transport of lipids through the bloodstream. LDL has been regarded as a predictor of heart disease. LDL is regarded as the kind of cholesterol that is deposited into the artery and causing the formation of a thick substance that blocks the bloodstream. It is a popular theory, that the cholesterol we get from eating food, is affecting the cholesterol in the blood, so that the arteries are blocked. However, studies have shown that your LDL level is not necessarily the cause of heart disease, but merely a symptom. The article points to Christopher Gardner, a researcher at the Stanford University School of Medicine, who says that high LDL, is an "overblown risk factor" for heart disease. The article goes on to say that science has been unable to find a link between consuming saturated fat and heart disease. The article suggests that an increasing number of studies have started to raise doubts about the presumption that elevated levels of cholesterol leads to heart disease. This is accurate, even if these studies aren’t pointed out in the article, they...
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...Company profile Akij Food and Beverage Ltd. “Brings Quality in Life”. 1. History: Akij Food & Beverage Ltd. (AFBL) a unit of Akij Group started its operation in the year 2006. AFBL manufactures a wide range of Snacks and Beverage for both National & International market alike. AFBL is a project worth $ 70 million& is funded by the parental company Akij Group. AFBL started its production at 400 bph in the carbonated soft drinks line and 300 bph in the juice line. In a span of one and a half years we have increased our capacity to 1800 bph. At present our capacity; one is at the ground breaking rate of 1900 bph. So in approximately three years time our capacity has increased three folds. During this same period most of our brands became either number one or are almost on the verge of becoming number one in their respective categories. Most of our machineries have been imported from world famous brands as Krones, Tetra Pak, Alfalaval, Sipa, and Husky to achieve the best quality. The history of Akij Group stretches back to later part of the forties. In its infancy, the Group started in humble way with jute trading which was known as the golden fiber of the country, earning highest amount of foreign exchange. Akij Group's ceaseless efforts with dynamic management and support from our numerous clients have led our Group in diversifying its business activities. In the second phase, the Group went into manufacturing...
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...Reading and Interpreting Drug Labels: Lipitor and Accutane Lipitor: The actual name of the drug is “atorvastatin”. The name suggests that it is a “statin”, which is a type of medication which blocks an enzyme in the liver, preventing it from creating cholesterol, in order to lower the cholesterol level in the body (Pfizer, 2010). By lowering the cholesterol, atorvastatin helps to prevent heart disease, heart attack, stroke and vascular disease by preventing the hardening of the arteries (EMedicine Health, 2010). Along with proper diet and exercise, Lipitor is proven to lower bad cholesterol by 39-60% (Pfizer, 2010). Certain things such as alcohol and grapefruit should be avoided while taking Lipitor to avoid disruption of the drugs designated duties. Accutane: This drug is Vitamin metabolite class as first generation of retinoid (Isotretinoin, 2007). Its main mechanism is to inhibit sebaceous gland differentiation and decrease sebaceous gland size. The main indication for administrating this medication is mainly treat severe nodular acne, reduces the amount of oil released by the oil glands in your skin and helps your skin renew itself quickly (Isotertinoin, 2007). It is usually given after other acne medicines or antibiotics have been taken without beneficial results. According to the nursing drug guide, Isotretinoin can cause side effects so before one begins taking it one should discuss with a doctor how severe the condition is. The main adverse effect and side effects...
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...Executive Summary Merck is one of the most reputable drug companies. It is very highly regarded for its innovative drug discoveries to treat diseases such as AIDS, High cholesterol and Hypertension and have improved the human lives around the world. Merck’s innovative ability and its reputation along with the meticulous submission of documents allowed the company to secure FDA approvals much faster than its competitors. However, when Merck released its drug. Vioxx for the treatment of arthritis, the drug’s effectiveness combined with an effective direct to consumer marketing campaign made it a blockbuster drug with $2.5 billion in sales, but when it was revealed during a study that the drug increased risk of cardio vascular disease by at least three times, Merck quickly withdrew the drug from the market. Merck can be faulted for several questionable decisions and judgments with the Vioxx launch. They either ignored or dismissed several early indications of increased risk of heart attacks both in its own studies and other published articles, in an attempt to get to the market faster. This proved to be deadly when further studies conformed the suspicions and lead to ultimately lead to another bad decision of recalling the drug from the market too soon. This was probably an attempt to avoid potential lawsuits, when the jury was still out on whether the benefits of Vioxx outweighed its risks. Merck should instead of a recalling, should have continued to work with FDA and have them...
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...Food Studies Role of calcium reducing risk factors in the diet. Calcium is a vital nutrient mineral in the diet. Some of it’s many functions include, the formation of bones and teeth, helping our blood to clot and intracellular signalling in nerves and muscle. When we consume insufficient amounts of this nutrient we can encounter many risk factors such as Osteoporosis. O’berine of the National Dairy Council states that over 200 million people have osteoporosis worldwide. This includes one in four women and results in weak brittle bones which can fracture easily. The Recommended Dietary Allowances for Ireland in 1999 were 800 mg per day for adult men and women. This RDA remains the same today. NANs 2011 reports that Calcium intakes were below the EAR(estimated average requirements) in 16% of women aged 18-64 years. This would contribute to the one in four women being diagnosed with osteoporosis as their calcium levels are too low. American Bone Health (2011) states that 90% of our bone mass has been formed by the age of eighteen. This is reflected in the fact that the RDA of calcium for teenager is 1200mg. If we can encourage young people to increase their calcium intake before reaching their peak bone mass we can greatly decrease the risk factor of developing osteoporosis. The After peak bone mass is reached our bones gradually lose mass and if we did not consume enough calcium this can lead to porous fragile bones. Therefore it is vital to increase our calcium intake before...
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...Hi my name is Kortne Noblett. I'm A 35 year old mother of two. I Live in northwest Arkansas, and for the last eight years, i have worked for a bio-metric testing company out of Pennsylvania. I have traveled all over the united states as a team lead for my company, performing lipid panel profiles for our clients. Basically drawing blood and running labs on their total cholesterol, HDL(good cholesterol) LDL(bad cholesterol), triglycerides, glucose levels and then gathering a BMI workup, and finally health coaching. I have always enjoyed helping others, so this job has been very rewarding to me in that sense. The negative side to my job however, was having two children at home. Not being home with them all the time was the most difficult part of my job. The reason behind me leaving that job and pursuing a career in psychology is because I started going blind about 6 years ago. The doctors are still at a loss as to why I'm losing my sight. I Have been sent to several specialist and i still don't have any real answers. I Had hoped that we would have found the reason behind this and maybe given me a few more options; however i have had to start thinking about what my future will be like if and when I lose total use of my eye sight. My current profession will become more than I can manage if I am blind, so I have decided to change my profession to something that I not only will be able to use once blind; but also to something that I have been very passionate about most of...
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