...Maxwell Husband St. Joseph’s University Moral Foundations T/TR 8:30-9:45 “Pro-Life vs. Pro-Choice” Abortion is and forever will be a very controversial topic of discussion. It has been debated for years whether it is morally right or wrong. Abortion is a unique subject in that it involves not only morality but also a large amount of theology, emotion, and law. It is also unique because it forces people to choose one side or the other, there is a very small gray area when it comes to this debate, and the side that I will fall on in this essay is the pro-choice side. In this essay I will attempt prove that abortion is not murdering an innocent fetus and that the arguments for pro-choice are stronger than the ones for pro-life. The main point of disagreement between the two sides is what constitutes life, when does human life actually begin? I believe to construct a sound argument this issue must be examined first. I will then go on to cover other various pro-choice points such as a women’s right to choose, the quality of life for the potential child, and the extreme circumstances that will disprove the notion that abortion is morally wrong. As stated in my opening paragraph, the key issue in the case of abortion is determining the status of the fetus in the sense of its humanity. It is my belief that a fetus does not qualify as a human. I agree with Warren when she states that “human being” is a term that is not often distinguished, she suggests that there are two...
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...Why there is the idea of unmoved mover? Why there is an idea of God being the necessary being? Why there is an idea of God as the perfect being? Why there is an idea of God as the intelligent designer? It is because God exist and all of those questions are answerable by the existence of God. Where St. Thomas does got the proofs of God's existence? St. Thomas' Five Ways strongly prove the existence of God, but the idea of God is already there. There are philosophers that do not believe in God have the idea of God but they refuse or just do not believe in God. Some philosophers make theories and arguments to prove why God doesn't exist but what's the point? They shouldn't and wouldn't make an argument and make theories if there is no really a God existing, but no, they have theories and arguments and that is one of the proofs that God exists because there is an idea of Him, there is an argument about...
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...The argument which I am focusing on is titled “No One Knowingly Does Evil” and is written by Socrates. This argument concludes that those who do evil things do them involuntarily. According to Socrates it is not in human nature to choose to act in a way what one believes to be harmful, instead of a way that is good. He claimed that all wrong, or evil, is only done out of ignorance and not from the intention to do evil. This view appears controversial because people are known to occasionally commit deeds that are apparently evil either out of self-interest or acting on impulse, against their better judgment. It is at this point that we come to an important clarification. Socrates did not state that doing wrong to others is ever right, but that the motivation for such actions determines the character of the will involve. Socrates maintained that people are never motivated to bring harm to themselves. Since Socrates believed that wrongdoing always harmed the wrongdoer, he saw all wrongdoing as a mistake in judgment or an expression of ignorance. This is especially true in cases where a life full of wrongdoing never physically harms the wrongdoer. Socrates believed that the most pitiable of humans were those who lived under the delusion that their wrongdoing benefited them. Socrates saw no conflict between self-interest and morality. On the contrary, he saw virtue as the greatest benefit and maintained that immoral actions actually harmed the agent and could therefore only be committed...
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...reasonable or is he even real for that matter? Why do people choose to believe or not to believe in him? If you do believe is there any true value in doing so? The question of God’s very existence has been discussed throughout time. H.J. McCloskey, an atheist, expounds on this matter in his article “On Being an Atheist.” Of course this article is from the atheist point of view. McCloskey alleges that atheism is a more agreeable explanation of the world than theism, and the very existence of God must be dismissed. He believes this because of the presence of evil in the world and states that without definitive “proofs” God therefore cannot exist. McCloskey refers to arguments for God’s existence as “proofs.” I believe that McCloskey stresses this word to much. The term “proof” comes from the field of mathematics and it implicates certainty. For example 5 + 2 = 7 and 2 + 5 = 7 is a math formula that can be proved. It is a formula that can be proven according to the addition property of mathematics. The reality of God is not that simple. One should not look to prove his existence, but one should look to present the ideal that God is the best explanation for the world and life itself. A theist could do this by overlapping multiple ideas and together there is enough strength to present an argument for God being the best explanation for the world. McCloskey presents the following on the cosmological argument: He claims that “the mere existence of the world constitutes...
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...Final Draft due: Date of final exam Objective: Students choose an argumentative topic and write a 1000 word argumentative essay. An explanation of the topics students may choose is discussed below. This is a two-part assignment, including a review of sources and a first draft submission, and the final draft, both with a corresponding due date. For those unsure about a topic, you could consider one related to the very topics we have discussed this semester, including arguments related to higher education or poverty in America. The essay must contain at least 2 secondary sources (these are sources that you find via research) and a primary source, which will be either TS/IS or The NFG. These sources must be used as support for the claims students make. A separate works cited page is also required. It is strongly suggested that students use the databases provided by the library for research of secondary sources. Remember to refer to the Argument document posted on iCampus to review critical elements of argument, which include claims, qualifying/absolute language, and tips on tone of voice. The essay must be written in MLA format, and in-text citations must also follow MLA documentation. Use sources to back up, support, your claims rather than serve as claims or main points themselves. Avoid over-quoting (perhaps once a body paragraph) and be sure to include counter-argument refutation. Topics: You may choose to argue for or against any of the topics discussed in...
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...type of TRUE, the VLOOKUP function looks only for an exact match of the lookup value. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 299 7. Headings at the top of each column should be included as part of the lookup_range in the VLOOKUP formula. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 301 8. When creating a vertical lookup table with the TRUE type, be certain to start with the lowest possible value, such as 0, so that the table covers all the possible data. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 301 9. The syntax of the HLOOKUP function is as follows: HLOOKUP(lookup_value,table_array,row_index_num,range_lookup) ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 303 10. The rules for an HLOOKUP function with a TRUE lookup type test the values down the first column. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 304 11. A table_array argument must contain relative cell references so that the row values will not change when the formula is copied down the column. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 305 12. You can use a VLOOKUP formula and an HLOOKUP formula to retrieve data stored in lookup tables on the same worksheet. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 307 13. Range names copy absolutely. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 310 14. Unlike...
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...Different Arguments Related to the Choice of a Career Assessment Part A: Critically Evaluating an Argument Build your mindmap. Arts and Sciences (Advantage): Lots of flexibility in career choices: Overgeneralization Arts and Sciences (Disadvantage): Leads to a career in food service - 'Do you want fries with that?': Irrational Appeal Education (Advantage): The best way to make a difference in the world: Overgeneralization Education (Disadvantage): Guaranteed low paying job: Either/Or Thinking Nursing (Advantage): People always will need nurses: Logically Sound Nursing (Disadvantage): Too much schooling (according to Theo, the Law student): Double Standard Information Systems and Technology (Advantage): No other degree concentration is as innovative (according to Grace): Irrational Appeal Information Systems and Technology (Disadvantage): Too limited in scope for much advancement in business situation (according to Ritesh): Logically Sound Business (Advantage): Infinite career options (according to Ritesh): Logically Sound Business (Disadvantage): Boring work, stuck behind a desk all day: Oversimplifying Health and Human Services (Advantage): All the benefits of Arts and Sciences, but vastly more focused and relevant: Logically Sound Health and Human Services (Disadvantage): Job options are all in very un-creative fields.: Irrational Appeal Assessment Part B: Articulating the Steps Involved in Evaluating an Argument Write...
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...better belief system based upon his refutation of the theistic arguments. He argues against the existence of God by attempting to refute the cosmological and teleological arguments; as well he endeavours to discredit a God based upon the presence of evil. In doing this, he extends the boundaries for arguing God, whilst opening the floor to debate free will and the apparent comfort of the atheistic belief system. However, through careful analysis of the arguments for God, and an insight into the mysterious free will that God has given man; we see that a theistic belief is logically more sound and preferred. McCloskey says that the proofs for the argument of God cannot definitively establish a case for the existence of God. Therefore, all those proofs for God cannot be used in the logical argument for a God. However, McCloskey didn’t recognize the three aspects when approaching the question: does God exist. Through these three studies, we are shown that though no one person can empirically prove the existence of God, He in fact still exists (Foreman, Lesson 18). The three aspects to approaching the question of God are: best explanations approach, cumulative case approach, and the minimalistic concept of God. The best explanations aspect refers to the existence of God as the best way of explaining the effects that we can empirically observe within our universe. The cumulative case view tells us that no one argument can get us to the existence of the God of Christianity. Finally...
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...America, and a few liberal countries such as Switzerland. It could be argued that assisted dying should remain illegal for numerous reasons, for example, sanctity of life. In contrary, it can be said that the weightier argument is that assisted dying...
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...believes that the existence of evil discredits arguments made in support of believing in God. There is not one single thing in this world that we can know definitively without looking at the evidence. You have to look at the whole picture. Just like in a criminal investigation, the crime scene investigators gather evidence they are not looking for just the bullets or just the body. They look and gather all the data before coming to any conclusions. We will discuss each of the arguments and some additional reasons McCloskey gives as reasons not to believe that God exists. Cosmological Argument When we examine the cosmological argument we find that for something to exist there has to be a cause for its existence. The universe exists and was necessary for human beings to exist. We are contingent beings; our existence relies on the existence of the universe. We exist, and therefore so does the universe exist and there must be an ultimate cause of that existence. McCloskey makes a good point when he says the cosmological argument does not prove there is an all powerful, perfect uncaused cause but it provides strong evidence that there is some necessary cause to the world we live in and instead of being dismissed it should move us to investigate that “necessary cause” in more detail. The argument certainly has its weaknesses. For instance, if everything has a cause then what caused God? When analyzing the strengths of the argument it highlights the fact that things do not bring...
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...includes two or more references. A union reference consists of two or more cell addresses separated by a comma. The reference A7,B8,C9 refers to cells A7, B8, and C9. Functions Microsoft Excel has a set of prewritten formulas called functions. Functions differ from regular formulas in that you supply the value but not the operators, such as +, -, *, or /. For example, you can use the SUM function to add. When using a function, remember the following: o Use an equal sign to begin a formula. o Specify the function name. o Enclose arguments within parentheses. o Use a comma to separate arguments. Here is an example of a function: =SUM(2,13,A1,B27) In this function: o The equal sign begins the function. o SUM is the name of the function. o 2, 13, A1, and B27 are the arguments. o Parentheses enclose the arguments. o A comma separates the arguments. The SUM function adds the arguments together. In the exercises that follow, we will look at various functions. Typing a Function 1. Open Microsoft Excel. 2. Type 12 in cell B1. 3. Press Enter. 4. Type 27 in cell B2....
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...Abortion actually dates back to Biblical times when women consumed an herbal concoction that would induce a spontaneous expulsion of a fetus. Though this practice often resulted in not ending the pregnancy or in the death of the mother and the fetus it was documented (Fox, 2012). Throughout history there have been documented incidents of abortion. In fact, in early American history, abortion was illegal and the death of the fetus was considered to be murder. Since the great legal battle of Roe verses Wade (Profile, 1973), advocates of women’s rights have continued to fight for a woman’s right to choose. This brings Fox, P. (2012). About .com Women's History. Retrieved April 21, 2012, from Abortion in the Ancient Premodern World: http://womenshistory.about.com/od/abortion/a/ancientabortion.htm Lowen, L. (2012). 10 Abortion Arguments: 10 Arguments For Abortion, 10 Arguments Against Abortion. Retrieved April 18, 2012, from About.com Women's Issues: http://womensissues.about.com/od/reproductiverights/a/AbortionArgumen.htm...
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...Examining Different Arguments Related to the Choice of a Career Assessment Part A: Critically Evaluating an Argument Build your mindmap. Arts and Sciences (Advantage): Lots of flexibility in career choices: Overgeneralization Arts and Sciences (Disadvantage): Leads to a career in food service –“Do you want fries with that?”: irrational appeal Education (Advantage): The best way to make a difference in the world: overgeneralization Education (Disadvantage): Guaranteed low paying job: either/ or thinking Nursing (Advantage): People always will need nurses: logically sound Nursing (Disadvantage): Too much schooling (according to Theo, the Law student): double standard Information Systems and Technology (Advantage): No other degree concentration is as innovative (according to Grace): irrational appeal Information Systems and Technology (Disadvantage): Too limited in scope for much advancement in business situation (according to Ritesh): Logically Sound Business (Advantage): Infinite career options (according to Ritesh): Logically Sound Business (Disadvantage): Boring work, stuck behind a desk all day: oversimplifying Health and Human Services (Advantage): All the benefits of Arts and Sciences, but vastly more focused and relevant: Logically Sound Health and Human Services (Disadvantage): Job options are all in very un-creative fields.: Irrational Appeal Assessment Part B: Articulating the Steps Involved in Evaluating an Argument Write out the two...
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...government recognize it as a legal marriage? We have equality in our society for many things, but the foundation of a marriage unites a man and a woman as one with the children in order to create the traditional family. This unity has become a tradition that Americans continue to uphold as the very foundation of a marriage. The institution of marriage brings a man and a woman together as one another. The author creates some premises which offer support to their conclusion that marriage laws need to stay the same in order for the good of society. This paper will discuss some of the premises used against same-sex marriages, as well as a counter-argument on the subject. The topic and the argument is inductive, the issue at hand has not certain outcome in the immediate future, all that can be accomplished by the premises in this argument in maybe a new awareness into a antagonistic social matter. Marriage recognizes what society endorses that children develop better when they live in a household by both a mother and a father. Regardless of innovative judge’s views, the mainstream of the American people continue to support the practical deduction that a marriage is still a unity that takes place between one man and one woman. “Sexual conduct is viewed as a wonderful gift from God, but a gift that was designed for use within a monogamous, heterosexual marriage” (Bradley P. Jacob, 2008). Ryan T. Anderson states “Americans respect marriage, not only as a crucial institution of...
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...that: (God and the afterlife exist ) SECTION III: Clarify Your Belief and Position: (10 /10) A Supreme Being: (Maximum 200 words) I am a theist and I believe that God exists. One key reason why is because my mom has raised me to believe that there is a God since I was a baby, I have been to church multitudes of times and also have read the bible many times so naturally I am going to believe that he is real. Yes my mom “raised me in the church” but that’s not the only reason I believe in God though, I believe because after observing and living life on this planet for the past 20 years I have came to my own conclusion God exists. I feel life it self is too far too complex and diverse for there not to be one (The Teleological Argument). Just like how we know a car or a skyscraper was created by people because of the complexity of the creation so is the same logic I use when I defend the existence of God, after taking biology this year it only made my belief in a God stronger by learning how life on earth works, from my point of view It really amazes me how people think that there is no God. The Afterlife: (Maximum 200 words) I am a theist and I believe that there is an after life. I am a firm Believer in God so naturally that would make me a firm believer in the after life as well. Proving that the after life is real is a very difficult thing to do but, I believe one of the biggest pieces of evidence that there is a life after this one is of all the testimony of...
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