...jRUNNING HEAD: The role of psychology in the onset of a chronic illness, as well as how psychological factors are related to the experience of chronic illness. Introduction American Psychology defines Association defines chronic illnesses as those who either have symptoms that occur on a constant basis or flare up episodically. While some chronic diseases may be terminal, much more are not. While these conditions can only be alleviated, they can usually be controlled through diet, exercise, lifestyle, and medical care and may even go into temporary remission. Chronic illnesses are common; it is estimated that more than 80% of older adults suffer from at least one chronic disease. (( The Psychology of Illness). Discussion Unlike acute illnesses...
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...insurance plan to temporarily continue coverage after their employment has ended. To meet qualifications for continued coverage the employer must have had at least 20 employees, and the employee cannot loose their job as a result of gross misconduct. The type of qualifying event, or the reason the employee lost their job will determine how long COBRA coverage can be continued. Mr. Davis's employers have 30 days to notify their health plan administrators of his termination and he should receive an election notice no later than 14 days after the health plan administrators have been notified. Mr. Davis will then have 60 days to decide whether or not to elect coverage. If Mr. Davis chooses to elect COBRA coverage he then has 45 days to pay the initial premium. The premiums for COBRA coverage can be substantially more expensive than what the former employee was paying under their group health insurance while employed depending on how much of the premium the former employees employer was paying. I would encourage Mr.Davis to "shop around" for individual health insurance coverage and to contact the Department's Employee Benefits Security Administration to see if he may qualify for COBRA premium reduction. If Mr. Davis has been deemed disabled due to his illness he may qualify for Medicaid. The biggest challenge states and local governments are facing in providing care for patients like Mr. Davis who have long term, chronic illnesses and require care is funding that care. States...
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...Have you ever had a headache before? If so then you’re probably familiar with the pounding pain that wouldn’t go away. As I write this, the pounding sensation on the right side of my brain is undeniable. It has been there for almost two years and has remained twenty- four hours a day, seven days a week. Chronic migraines have an impact on every aspect of life. So you are probably wondering how this neurological disorder came about? Well I still don’t have an answer as to how it happened myself. It all occurred one evening in November on my way home from work. My vision rapidly began to blur until things were no longer visible in my right eye. Accompanying the vision was a sharp stabbing pain in my eye, which ran across the section of my right brain. I called my parents and was rushed to the emergency room. When I arrived they rushed me down to testing where they ran a CT which later returned normal. After testing returned normal they went through a medical history, gave me a shot of dilaudid, and sent me on my way home. I was hoping that would be the last time I would experience that pain and the last trip to the emergency room. Unfortunately, the pain continued for a week or two, along with the blurred vision. I decided to see my doctor, who sent me to an ophthalmologist, who then sent me to a neurologist. My pain continued to increase and I remained in a dark room, in bed a lot of the time. The ophthalmologist ran tests on my eyes and found decreased vision in my right...
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...A nurse addressing these issues is crucial to improve patients’ emotional health but also their physical health. Their quality of life is impacted negatively, which in turn influences how individuals feel physically, the extent to which they can have control over their life. Nurses’ ability to positively influence patient outcomes and patient empowerment is tremendous. They are extremely well positioned to support patients, due to the continuous and lasting relationships they’re building with them. Nurses have the comprehensive, holistic view of each patient’s medical and lifestyle needs. Nurses bring a substantial caring aspect into chronic condition management, to patients and their...
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...1 Creating a Social Program Final Nancy Elsesser 5/16/2014 Amy Tardy 2 Children are our future, and as our future we want our world to be free of sicknesses and diseases, well as much as we like the idea it is not going to happen. We have children who are suffering from life- threatening illnesses who do not have a chance to be a kid or to grow up with the memories of childhood. We try all we can as parents and family to keep our children safe we just can not perdict a child getting a life threating illness, we do all we can to make our child happy while going through a scary ordeal. If we can make one dream come true for a sick child for one day of forgetting they are staring down a life threatening illness and make that child laugh wouldn't giving that child a wish come true be amazing? The social program I am creating is a program to help a child who is terminally ill or has a life threatening illness called “Dreams Come True.” A dream come True program would for one day grant sa wish one child makes come true. To make this happen I would need to set up the program, find donors and volunteers, financing to help the wishes come true. Advances in medicine and modern technonogy have increased the survival rate in children with chronic illness, including illnessess that were considered fatal (Cohen,1995).Witnessing the child's pain and fear, combined with the constant fear of death makes...
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...achieve the dual objectives of cost savings and coordination of care? Why or why not? Identify three reasons supporting your position, grounded in the literature. I believe that the ACO experiment has the potential to provide cost saving methods and coordination of care because of the structured care patient will receive from one managed group of physicians, who can collaborate and share data, the incentives the facilities will be offered for efficient and effective care, and the quality measures that will be in place for the organization to follow. According to NPR.ORG, HHS estimates that ACOs could save Medicare up to 960 million dollars within the first three years of implementation. Also Kaiser Health News stated that all 32 Pioneer ACOs succeeded in improving quality and performed better than Medicare fee for service in 15 quality measures. In 2012, they also generated 87.6 million in the first year of the program (Kaiser). The three ways I feel ACOs will achieve cost savings and coordination of care are by: Cohesive and organized patient care: ACOs will provide better communication in order to streamline procedures and processes across the different HC settings, so the patient can obtain more education and information. These organizations will be able to keep costs down because they can monitor and share information responsibility between one another to ensure the patient is receiving the appropriate care. Healthcare will be more of a unit instead of different parts that...
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...Health Education Plan NUR/405 October 10, 2011 Health Education Plan Educating the public is a role every nurse must participate in to promote, maintain, and restore health among a community. To accomplish such requires community members receive and have a practical understanding of health-related information (Stanhope & Lancaster, 2008). One method to accomplish such is to develop a health educational plan. The purpose of this paper is to create a health education plan based upon information collected from a windshield survey and Friedman family assessment conducted by a nurse in the community of Palmdale, California. Areas that will be discussed include, a description of the educational need based upon assessment findings, educational goals and objectives, educational methods that will be used to implement the health educational plan, and the methods applied to evaluate the educator and process used in the development and implementation of the health education plan. Identification of a Health Educational Need In conducting a windshield survey and Friedman family assessment, the nurse identified multiple educational needs. The priority educational need in common and identified among both the family and the community of Palmdale, California is the need for education on the maintenance of chronic illnesses. Determining what chronic illness to focus on in terms of development of the health educational plan however, presented more of a challenge. When observing...
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...Health Care Reform The Council of Economic Advisers (CEA) The council of Economic Advisers (CEA) is an agency that is within the office of the President of the United States of America. Their main job is to advise both international and domestic policies by using formula and analysis on economic research and empirical evidence, using the best data available to support the president in setting out nation’s economic policies. After years of research, reports revealed that the market failure in the current healthcare system has imposed tremendous economic burdens on families, employers, and government at every level. One in every six Americans was without health insurance, healthcare spending was quickly skyrocketing, medical errors were excessive and administrative cost was enormous ("About cea.") The CEA reports also found that authentic healthcare reform has considerable benefits if slowing the growth of healthcare cost has the following components: Increase the standard of living by improving efficiency if resources are freed up that can be used to make other goods and services. Prevent dreadful budgetary ramifications and raise national savings. Finally, slowing the growth of health care cost would raise employment and lower unemployment now and later on without prompting inflation (whitehouse.gov) Labor A second component of healthcare reform, would increase the overall economic welfare of the uninsured extensively more that the costs of insuring them. In addition...
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...the management of chronic conditions. This article offers a short history of self-management. It presents three self-management tasks—medical management, role management, and emotional management—and six self-management skills—problem solving, decision making, resource utilization, the formation of a patient–provider partnership, action planning, and self-tailoring. In addition, the article presents evidence of the effectiveness of self-management interventions and posits a possible mechanism, self-efficacy, through which these interventions work. In conclusion the article discusses problems and solutions for integrating self-management education into the mainstream health care systems. Whether one is engaging in a health promoting activity such as exercise or is living with a chronic disease such as asthma, he or she is responsible for day-to-day management. Gregory Bateson (3) once said, “one cannot not communicate.” The same is true for health behavior and disease management. One cannot not manage. If one decides not to engage in a healthful behavior or not to be active in managing a disease, this decision reflects a management style. Unless one is totally ignorant of healthful behaviors it is impossible not to manage one’s health. The only question is how one manages. The issue of self-management is especially important for those with chronic disease, where only the patient can be responsible for his or her day-to-day care over the length of the illness. For most of these...
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...Health care provider and faith diversity Diana Nguyen Grand Canyon University HLT-310V Spirituality in Health Care Andre Mooney May 11, 2013 Health care provider and faith diversity Abstract: Spiritual healing is defined as the practice of laying on of hand or of distant healing ((Brown, 1998, p. 171). Spiritual healing is a term known to many. However, it means different things and affects different ways to different people depending on their religion backgrounds and beliefs. Within three diverse faiths that are less well-known than the mainstream faith such as Shintoism, Buddhism, and Baha'i, the author will compare the philosophy of providing care from the perspective of each of these three faiths with that of the Christian perspective and the author own personal perspective. Shintoism Shintoism is the religious beliefs and practices of Japan. According to Shouler, Shinto is an optimistic faith in believing that all humans are fundamentally good and evil is caused by evil spirits. It is a form of animism and involves the worship of kami which mean “sacred spirit”. Shinto is created by combining two works: “Shin” means God or spirit and “to” means way or path. Shinto beliefs are in the mysterious creating and harmonizing power of kami and in the truthful way of kami. The kami began as the mysterious forces of nature associated primarily with permanent features in the landscape, such as unusual mountains, rocky cliffs, caves, springs, trees and stones("Shinto...
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...Implications of Health Economic Concepts for Health Care Melissa James Strayer University Dr. Wanda Allen Health Economics – HSA 510 February 1, 2015 Assignment # 1 Implication of Health Economic Concepts for Health Care Assess the value of healthcare professionals and decision makers understanding the discipline of health economics. Healthcare is getting gradually complex around the world. The need for technological development, economic support, demographics changes and the study of diseases are shifting at a fast speed. There had been numerous labors in describing collective capabilities and values within the healthcare organizations. It is necessary for learning and training programs to be regulated based on the needs of the humanities they support. Therefore, the institutions that are designing and delivering those activities must take responsibility for the products they manufacture for the use of the society. Hence, Academic institutions that are in charge of educating healthcare professionals together with their various stakeholders must interact in collaboration to create actual and proficient strategies that will promote suitable culture in the healthcare systems. Current medical education process has its origins in the European institutions of higher learning that customarily cherished academic freedom, sovereignty and self-regulating exploration...
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...find a way to inspire people to make behavior changes within the current environment that are sufficient to resist the push of environmental factors toward weight gain. This will require conscious effort on the part of most people to make behavior choices that counteract the environmental pressure. (Hill, J.C., 2003) Many cities across America are adapting new policies to address the problems of environment and behavior. Policies for more nutritional education and increased availability of fresh healthy foods in schools are increasing. More parks and recreation centers are being built, especially in low income areas where they are few or absent. One of the national policies put into effect in the last few years, as part of the Health Care Reform Act, states “establishments with 20 or more locations nationwide must post calories in a clear and conspicuous manner," along with "a succinct statement concerning suggested daily caloric intake." With this information being easily available and ‘in your face’ people may be more likely to make a healthier food choice when eating out. Calorie labeling demonstrates that larger portions have more calories. (Nestle, 2010) California, along with many states across the country, are...
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...religious views. It can be used to help understand health care settings of people from different backgrounds. Heritage Assignment Tool can be used to understand individual’s sights of health protection, restoration and maintenance. This paper will discuss the three ethnic groups interviewed and their point of views. The three different cultural groups are Europeans, Hispanics and Mine, Asian. This questionnaire has helped to understand the difference between the three races and how they blend into their cultural heritage. Cultural Heritage is “an expression of the ways of living developed by a community and passed on from generation to generation, including customs, practices, places, objects, artistic expressions and values. Cultural Heritage is often expressed as either Intangible or Tangible Cultural Heritage (ICOMOS, 2002).” United States isn’t just one culture but consists of many cultures in one society or community, thus known as then melting pot. Using HAT allows healthcare professionals to develop cultural competencies, and every cultural beliefs views vary accordingly. Using the health care system on three different ethnical adolescents help understand their different health care tradition. Those participated in HAT questionnaire had married within their ethnic group thus creating a bond within their family and culture and expanding it to the future generation. Using HAT determines the improvements of health and illness beliefs and practices within the family. By using the...
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...Diabetes- Potential Effects as a Chronic Process Diabetes-Potential Effects as a Chronic Process Diabetes is a serious problem in the United States. It is a disease where blood glucose levels are above normal. There are two types of diabetes, Type 1 diabetes (juvenile onset diabetes) and Type 2 diabetes (adult onset diabetes). Both types of diabetes exhibit similar symptoms or no symptoms at all. In this paper, we report the incidence of diabetes, typical signs and effect diabetes has on the body, teaching requirements and psycho-social challenges that go along with the disease. Diabetes mellitus affects about 17 million people, 5.9 million are undiagnosed. In the United States, approximately 800,000 new cases of diabetes are diagnosed yearly (Bare, 2006). Among working adults diabetes is the leading cause of non-traumatic amputations, blindness and end-stage renal disease. Diabetes is the third leading cause of death by disease, primarily because of the high rate of cardiovascular disease (Bare, 2006). Hospitalization rates for people with diabetes are 2.4 times greater for adults and 5.3 times greater for children than for the general population. Among adults in the United States, diagnosed cases of diabetes increased 49% from 1990 to 2000, and similar increases are expected to continue (Bare, 2006). According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, approximately 5% to 10% of people with diabetes have type 1, which the insulin-producing pancreatic beta cells...
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...Pericarditis is an inflammation of the pericardium, which is the membranous sac that encloses the heart and great vessels. The inflammatory response causes an accumulation of leukocytes, platelets, fibrin, and fluid between the parietal and the visceral layers of the pericardial sac, thus producing a variety of symptoms, depending on the amount of fluid accumulation, how quickly it accumulates, and whether the inflammation resolves after the acute phase or becomes chronic. An acute pericardial effusion is caused by an accumulation of fluid in the pericardial sac. The fluid accumulation interferes with cardiac function by compressing the cardiac chambers. Chronic constrictive pericarditis usually begins as an acute inflammatory pericarditis and progresses over time to a chronic, constrictive form because of pericardial thickening and stiffening. The thickened, scarred pericardium becomes nondistensible and decreases diastolic filling of the cardiac chambers and cardiac output. Chronic pericardial effusion is a gradual accumulation of fluid in the pericardial sac. The pericardium is slowly stretched and can accommodate more than 1 L of fluid at a time. Between 26% and 86% of people with pericarditis have illnesses that are considered idiopathic (occurring without a known cause). Pericarditis may also be classified etiologically into three broad categories: infectious pericarditis, noninfectious pericarditis, and pericarditis presumably related to hypersensitivity or autoimmunity...
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