...Early and Middle Adulthood Nakia Spates PSY/280 February 3, 2012 Michael Moore Early and Middle Adulthood The person must learn how to form intimate relationships, both in friendship and love. The development of this skill relies on the resolution of other stages. It may be hard to establish intimacy if one has not developed trust or a sense of identity. If this skill is not learned the alternative is alienation, isolation, a fear of commitment, and the inability to depend on others. Early adulthood you experience freedom and mistakes due to you becoming a young adult or somewhat anxious to get away from mom and dad. Some young adult are very careless with relationships as well as sexual acts too, which would change everything meaningless and unprotected sex usually ends up pregnancy. The intimacy comes in later adolescence and is marked by the teen's ability to sustain a relationship in which self-fulfillment is balanced with the desire to satisfy another's needs. Such a relationship is characterized by the ability to combine affection, sexuality, and friendship all in one. One can...
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...provides a glimpse into the early roots of his and his mother’s lifelong relationship. In Chapter 6, Bjorklund (2013) discusses social relationships and defines attachment as the strong affectionate bond formed between an infant and their primary caregiver. Research suggests that the attachment bond that one has with one's caregiver in childhood significantly influences the relationships that one forms in adulthood. Russo describes the relationship that he and his mother formed throughout Richard’s childhood as one in which “we, the two of us, were all we needed [because] as long as we had each other, we’d be fine” (Russo, 19, 2012). This characterization foreshadows an adult bond of interdependence and reliance, one in which Richard and Jean would rely on each other to provide guidance, counsel, and meaning in life. As such, Richard’s transition into adulthood, marked by his move away to college at the University of Arizona, is complicated by his relationship with his mother. Arnett (2000) describes the period of emerging adulthood...
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...AGRICULTURE HOME > VOLUME 64 > NUMBER 4 > VIEWING HTML W/LINKS Peer-Reviewed Research Article Effects of stress on health and aging: Two paradoxes Authors Carolyn Aldwin, Oregon State University Loriena A. Yancura, University of Hawai'i Publication Information California Agriculture 64(4):183-188. DOI: 10.3733/ca.v064n04p183. October-December 2010. Author Affiliations C.M. Aldwin is Professor, Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, Oregon State University, Manoa. L.A. Yancura is Associate Professor, Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, University of Hawai'i, Manoa. Abstract Although older adults are thought to experience more stress and to be more vulnerable to its adverse effects, they often report less stress than younger adults and sometimes show more resilience. Paradoxically, while stress sometimes has long-term positive effects on well-being, studies differ as to whether this increases or decreases with age. We conclude that older individuals have learned to appraise and cope differently with stress. This protects them in spite of their increased physiological vulnerability and may also increase the possibility of stress-related growth and optimal aging. Full Text [View Enlargement] As people age their health trajectories tend to diverge, with some developing multiple chronic conditions and others maintaining good health; stress may play a role in this aspect of aging. Over the past century, remarkable changes have occurred in...
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...where cash income failed to be good enough for their beneficial uses. Another one-fifth lived in families whose incomes were no more than twice the poverty threshold. Childhood poverty lasted 10 years or more. Income poverty is the condition of not having enough income to meet basic needs for the things that were needed. Because children are depending on others, they enter or avoid poverty by virtue of their family’s economic circumstances. Children cannot deal with family conditions by themselves, at least until they approach adulthood. Government programs, such as EBT, Child support, and HUD have been developed to increase the likelihood that poor...
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...Early and Middle Adulthood Paper Morgaine Smith PSY280 April 17, 2012 Early to middle adulthood is a time of independence, identity seeking, and lifestyle forming. During this time people strike out on their own, building relationships and establishing social and health-affecting habits. Middle adulthood differs from young adulthood in social needs (although the basic need for socialization remains the same), and represents a shift in attitude about relationships and vocations that moves from fluidity to stability. Health practices are also at work here, with factors such as diet, exercise, and drug use in young adulthood impacting middle adulthood later on. Erikson believed that people need constant contact with others throughout their lives, from birth to death, whether that contact is romantic intimacy or a relationship with friends and family. In romantic relationships, young adults tend to be “serially monogamous” [ (Berger, 2010) ], or remaining emotionally or sexually involved with only one person for a period of time, though the relationship is rarely permanent, and the young adult may have many of these relationships during this stage of his or her life. This is typical for the age group, which is characterized by an unwillingness to commit permanently to a job, a spouse, or even an educational program. Young adults today are markedly different from young adults in the previous generation, in that they marry later and may not start families or enter a permanent...
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...Adulthood adulthood, the period in the human lifespan in which full physical and intellectual maturity have been attained. Adulthood is commonly thought of as beginning at age 20 or 21 years. Middle age, commencing at about 40 years, is followed by old age at about 60 years. Physically, early and middle adulthood are marked by slow, gradual declines in body functioning, which accelerate as old age is reached. The muscle mass continues to increase through the mid-20s, thereafter gradually decreasing. The skeletal mass increases until age 30 or so, and then begins to decrease, first in the central skeleton (pelvis and spine) and last in the peripheral skeleton (fingers and toes). Throughout adulthood there is a progressive deposition of cholesterol in the arteries, and the heart muscle eventually grows weaker even in the absence of detectable disease. The production of both male and female hormones also diminishes with age, though this cannot be directly related to the gradual diminution in sexual activity that occurs in both males and females between 20 and 60. There is clear evidence that with increasing age adults display a slow, very gradual tendency toward decreasing speed of response in the execution of intellectual (and physical) tasks. Slowing rates of electrical activity in the older adult brain have been linked to the slowing of behaviour itself. This decline in the rate of central nervous system processing does not necessarily imply similar changes in learning, memory...
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...Early childhood experience, an indicator for distress? We live in a busy world with all kinds of life events competing for our attention. It is no wonder that we drop the occasional ball when juggling different needs. Sometimes stressors converge and can overwhelm us. We are unable to bring the usual resilience to meet the challenges we are faced with. It may be that home and work life stressors are just too much to bear and we need the help of outside agencies. This bucks our natural tendency to shoulder the problems and work through them independently to bring about successful solutions and outcomes. Just talking through our problems with a good friend can be enough to support us through but on occasions resorting to a counsellor and sometimes medication is necessary and helpful. What neuroscientists are finding is that there are some people who are more susceptible to stress than others. Brain imaging techniques [functional Resonance Imaging (fRMI)] show that structures in the limbic system of the brain associated with emotional responses , can suffer damage. This predisposes some individuals to significantly more emotional affects by stressors. The HPA axis controls our reactions to stress and comprises of the hypothalamus, pituitary gland and adrenal glands. When a perceived threat is experienced the HPA axis produces a number of hormones to engage the body in “flight or fight “mode. Exposure to chronic stress will cause neuronal damage in structures within...
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...Adulthood adulthood, the period in the human lifespan in which full physical and intellectual maturity have been attained. Adulthood is commonly thought of as beginning at age 20 or 21 years. Middle age, commencing at about 40 years, is followed by old age at about 60 years. Physically, early and middle adulthood are marked by slow, gradual declines in body functioning, which accelerate as old age is reached. The muscle mass continues to increase through the mid-20s, thereafter gradually decreasing. The skeletal mass increases until age 30 or so, and then begins to decrease, first in the central skeleton (pelvis and spine) and last in the peripheral skeleton (fingers and toes). Throughout adulthood there is a progressive deposition of cholesterol in the arteries, and the heart muscle eventually grows weaker even in the absence of detectable disease. The production of both male and female hormones also diminishes with age, though this cannot be directly related to the gradual diminution in sexual activity that occurs in both males and females between 20 and 60. There is clear evidence that with increasing age adults display a slow, very gradual tendency toward decreasing speed of response in the execution of intellectual (and physical) tasks. Slowing rates of electrical activity in the older adult brain have been linked to the slowing of behaviour itself. This decline in the rate of central nervous system processing does not necessarily imply similar changes in learning, memory...
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...when she was a little. So she raised by her uneducated aunt which leads to she barely experienced early childhood education. Carla got a divorce at young age, and she sole parented two children. Fortunately, her neighbours help her share childcare duties. So Carla has good interpersonal relationship in their community. She also is a kind-hearted woman. She still took care of her husband when he suffered a crisis, even they are separated. However, she is impoverished and lonely in late middle adulthood. She cannot find a fixed income and stable job; she even cannot afford the cost of visits on public transport. Also, many of...
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...tics. This disorder is known to be hereditary, but also may just so happen due to stress and what not. It is known when having Tourette’s syndrome; you may also have another sort of disorder. Sadly, there is no cure for this mysterious disorder, but with professional help and medication, the tics can be less severe. But hopefully soon enough, maybe later on in the future there will be a cure for this disorder. If having tics for over a year a doctor would say you have a chronic tic disorder, in most cases its part of Tourette’s, which was first determined, in 1825 by a doctor named Georges Gilles de la Tourette, a French neurologist. In 1885, he proclaimed a cause of the syndrome on a few patients. Most of his patients were young men. It was known that having this disorder was very rare. He found that the disorder was running in families. While finding ways to describe the disorder, it has been named after him. With having this disorder it is mostly found during childhood, usually within the ages of 7 and 10 years. “Tourette’s occurs in people from all ethnic groups; males are affected about three to four times more often than females. It is estimated that 200,000 Americans have the most severe form of Tourette’s syndrome, and as many as one in 100 exhibits milder and less complex symptoms such as chronic motor or vocal tics or transient tics of childhood. Although Tourette’s syndrome can be a chronic...
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...information is designed to help professionals understand the emotional, mental, and behavioral impact of early abuse and neglect in children who come to the attention of the child welfare system. • Effects of Maltreatment on Brain Development • Implications for Practice and Policy • Summary U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Administration for Children and Families Administration on Children, Youth and Families Children’s Bureau Child Welfare Information Gateway Children’s Bureau/ACYF 1250 Maryland Avenue, SW Eighth Floor Washington, DC 20024 800.394.3366 Email: info@childwelfare.gov www.childwelfare.gov Understanding the Effects of Maltreatment on Brain Development www.childwelfare.gov In recent years, there has been a surge of research into early brain development. New technologies, such as neuroimaging (e.g., magnetic resonance imaging or MRI), provide increased insight into how the brain develops and how early experiences affect that development. One area that has been receiving increasing research attention involves the effects of abuse and neglect on the developing brain, especially during infancy and early childhood. Much of this research is providing biological explanations for what practitioners have long been describing in psychological, emotional, and behavioral terms. There is now scientific evidence of altered brain functioning as a result of early abuse and neglect. This emerging body of knowledge has many implications for the prevention and treatment...
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...social control provides the most accurate picture of change because it helps us understand the entire life course of human development aspects of delinquency Biology and Crime BIOLOGY SHAPES DECISION MAKING Romanian Orphans * Lack of contact with caregivers * Lived under chronic stress * Lack of nurture and support * Needs were inconsistently met * Orphans experienced prolonged stress in their brains * Resulted in serious dysfunctions in several regions of the brain that are responsible fore regulating human behavior * Emotional control, attachment, empathy, etc. * All energy went into surviving Effect on the orphans * Poor cognitive and social skills * Poor school outcomes (learning disabilities) * Hyperactivity and impulse problems Prolonged stress in infancy antisocial behavior in adulthood * Mental health and psychiatric disorders * Aggression and antisocial behavior Process can be reversed if child adopted before 6 months of age Physical side effects of the brain. small and normal size are effected too Infancy and the brain * Violent behavior is linked to abuse and neglect that occurs within the first two years of life * Early violence disrupts the healthy development of the orbitofrontal cortex * Crucial for the regulation of emotion (impulse/ self control) * Responsible for “gut reactions” * Attachment * Empathy * Development of your brain helps you influence with people. Empathy...
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...When you look at a human you see whats on the outside, but on the inside 1.6 percent of humans ages 18 and older suffer from BPD (borderline personality disorder). Borderline personality disorder is a state of mind in which a persons emotions are unstable and unpredictable. BPD's history has been traced back to being found in mostly adolescence and early adulthood, in rare cases its seen in childhood. Most cases are not discovered until the age of 16 and 17. Eighty percent of BPD patients are women, and about one out of ten BPD patients commit suicide without failing. When someone has BPD they tend to make impulsive actions. they have an unstable mood and chaotic relationships. In the general population of people around the world personality disorders affect 10% of those general population. The DSM-IV explains ten aspects of PD (Personality DIsorder), BPD is more of a clinical practice due to it being the most difficult and having troubling problems in the phychiatry world. Borderline personality disorder is not easiely spotted in young children, it usually can not be diagnosed until adulthood. A person with BPD often have intense and unstable relationships, these relationships often swinging from love to hate and back to love. BPD patients are mostly persistent to avoid real or imagined abandonment, people with BPD often think that everything is either all good or all bad. BPD patients often think and view them selves as victims of a event and take little responsibility for...
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...Late Adulthood and End of Life Paper Yvonne Harris PSY/375 Matthew Warren 21 November 2011 Late Adulthood and End of Life Paper As one progresses through the many stages of life and eventually die, there are easily identifiable periods of growth; yet the older one gets the more indiscernible relative changes become. This paper will discuss late adulthood and death, placing emphasis on the following: how individuals can promote health and wellness into late adulthood and mitigate the negative effects of aging, an analysis of ageism and stereotypes associated with late adulthood, an exploration of different views of death and dying at different points in human development, and an examination of the attitudes of various cultures towards death and dying. Getting older does not have to mean that one gets sicker. Of course as we age our reflexes slow and the passage of time may appear more noticeably on one’s face. Yes we do get older, all of us; it is called senescence. Senescence is the process of aging and all humans go through it. But as previously stated one does not need to get sicker just because they get older. Some of the ways to promote wellness in an older adult include but are not limited to the following: exercise and dieting, eliminating unhealthy habits such as smoking and excessive alcohol consumption, and establishing healthy personal relationships. Older adults should be proactive in the pursuit...
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...<Crohn’s Disease affects roughly 500,000 to two million people in the United States ("Medicinenet.com", 1996-2012). Men and women both are affected likewise. Americans of Jewish European descent are four to five times more likely to get Crohn’s Disease than the general population. Crohn’s Disease traditionally has been a disease of Caucasians, but recently there has been a rise in registered cases the African American community. The dominance seems to have dropped in the Hispanic and Asian populations and communities. Crohn’s Disease mostly starts during adolescence and continues through early adulthood (typically between the ages of 15 and 35). There is a slight second peak of newly diagnosed cases after age 50. <The occurrence rates among Hispanics and Asians are at a decreased level than those for Caucasians and African Americans. A study in Puerto Rico examined hospitalization rates for African Americans. The commonness for African Americans was verified as 41.4 per 100,000 for Crohn's Disease ("Crohn's & Colitis Foundation of America", 2009). An 11-year study of incidence rates of pediatric Crohn’s Disease in one state study pointed out rates doubled for Crohn’s from 1991 to 2002 ("Crohn's & Colitis Foundation of America", 2009). In this study Caucasians had a greater occurrence of Crohn’s Disease (4.15 per 100,000); African Americans (1.83 per 100,000) and Hispanic populations (0.61 per 100,000) ("Crohn's & Colitis Foundation of America", 2009). Continuing...
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