...Chronic Diseases Your Name Class Name Date Instructor Name Chronic Diseases Cancer is a major cause of death in developed countries such as the United States. Over twenty percent of all deaths are caused by cancer of some type, although the percentage can be higher at younger ages. It makes sense to try to avoid developing cancer in the first place, especially since the treatments are often only partially effective and frequently almost as unpleasant as the disease itself. After many years of research and spending billions of dollars researchers have still not found what causes cancer. When it comes to risk factors you can control some of them, but not all of them. Those you can't control can include genetics or family history. The environmental exposures or behaviors that occurred in a person’s past should also be considered when determining risk factors. Those you can control include your current and future behavior, including diet and exercise, and your current and future environmental exposures, Risk factors are not absolutes, having one or more risk factors does not mean you will definitely get cancer, and avoiding risk factors does not guarantee you will be healthy. Genetic risk factors include certain mutation of genes that can make cells unstable, therefore a higher chance of getting cancers such as hereditary breast and ovarian cancer. Diet and exercise can become risk factors for cancer. There are changes a person can make in their life to lessen the risk...
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...Brandy Shields Mrs. Knutsen ENC1101-83 16 April 2014 Chronic Pain: Curable or Not Abstract Chronic Pain is an interesting problem in society today. The exact cause of Chronic Pain is not the same in every patient. In fact most patients present with different symptoms and associated pathologies, such as the strong link with depression. Treatment of Chronic Pain is often performed a single practitioner whether that be a Medical Doctor, Chiropractor, Nutritionist, or an alternative health care professional. Chronic Pain is often extremely complex, because of this treatment needs to be multidimensional. Effective care of Chronic Pain requires the collective cooperation of health care professionals Chronic pain is an increasing problem affecting society today. Chronic pain is a complex condition that affects 42 million-50 million Americans, according to the American Pain Foundation. A recent market research report indicates that more than 1.5 billion people worldwide suffer from chronic pain and that approximately 3- 4.5% of the global population suffers from neuropathic pain, Despite decades of research, chronic pain remains poorly understood and notoriously hard to control. A survey by the American Academy of Pain Medicine found that even comprehensive treatment with painkilling prescription drugs helps, on average, only about 58% of people with chronic pain. The frequency of pain has a great impact on business, with a recent report by the Institute of Medicine (Medicine) ...
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...Introduction: In this section you will tell the reader what the assignment is about. Introduce the condition you are going to discuss and give a brief pathophysiological description of the condition. End by stating which psychosocial problems may arise from having this chronic illness. (500 words) Body: Describe the psychosocial implications you identified in the introduction. Discuss these implications within a chronic care framework of your choice. (1000– 1100 words) Conclusion: In this section summarize what you have discussed in the body and outline the implications for practice. (400 words) The assignment should not be longer than 2000 words long. All references must follow the APA system of referencing. Please make sure that in the body, you find a chronic care framework and relate in to the chronic condition (.i.e. epilepsy) Also, The treatment control, personal control and illness dimensions needs to be included in the assignment. Notes that need to be included in the assignment: My chosen chronic condition is Epilepsy. Introduction: You need to tell the reader what the assignment is about and write something brief about your chosen chronic illness (pathophysiology). E.g. what is Epilepsy due to? This has to be followed by psychosocial problems. E.g. what are the consequences of having this disease? E.g. the person feels frustrated, guilty, low self-esteem, stigma, body image, finding a problem to dress up by themselves, feeling a sense of anger...
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...Have you ever had a headache before? If so then you’re probably familiar with the pounding pain that wouldn’t go away. As I write this, the pounding sensation on the right side of my brain is undeniable. It has been there for almost two years and has remained twenty- four hours a day, seven days a week. Chronic migraines have an impact on every aspect of life. So you are probably wondering how this neurological disorder came about? Well I still don’t have an answer as to how it happened myself. It all occurred one evening in November on my way home from work. My vision rapidly began to blur until things were no longer visible in my right eye. Accompanying the vision was a sharp stabbing pain in my eye, which ran across the section of my right brain. I called my parents and was rushed to the emergency room. When I arrived they rushed me down to testing where they ran a CT which later returned normal. After testing returned normal they went through a medical history, gave me a shot of dilaudid, and sent me on my way home. I was hoping that would be the last time I would experience that pain and the last trip to the emergency room. Unfortunately, the pain continued for a week or two, along with the blurred vision. I decided to see my doctor, who sent me to an ophthalmologist, who then sent me to a neurologist. My pain continued to increase and I remained in a dark room, in bed a lot of the time. The ophthalmologist ran tests on my eyes and found decreased vision in my right...
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...Addiction as a Chronic Illness Donnell Parker PS370-01 Health Psychology January 17, 2012 Chronic illness refers to conditions that have the following conditions: The condition involves some disability; it is caused by mostly nonreversible pathological change; and it requires training and motivation on the part of the patient to care for himself or herself. The onset of chronic illness can be sudden or gradual, but one characteristic common to all chronic illnesses is that the patient cannot fully return to the pre-illness state of health (Friedman 2002). Some examples of chronic illnesses are AIDS, various forms of cancer, epilepsy and asthma. Addiction is a condition that results when a person ingests a substance (alcohol, cocaine, nicotine) or engages in an activity (gambling) that can be pleasurable but the continued use of which becomes compulsive and interferes with ordinary life responsibilities, such as work or relationships, even health. Users may not be aware that their behavior is out of control and causing problems for themselves and others (Iliff 2012). Addictions are another form of chronic illnesses. Addictions are characterized by relapses in thinking or a return to substance abuse. Relapse is now seen as the rule rather than the exception in addiction recovery. And it is no longer viewed as a catastrophe but as an opportunity for learning more and better strategies for overcoming urges and for identifying the moods and...
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...an “unpleasant feeling, conveyed to the brain by sensory neurons” (Medical Dictionary, 2013). Pain is a subjective interpretation, which describes location, intensity and nature of sensory information resulted from noxious stimulation of nerve endings. The emotional response and other various conscious or unconscious responses add to the concept of pain. Acute pain usually results from tissue damage and it usually ends once the injury is healed. Chronic pain is a long term condition related to a persistent or degenerative disease or it doesn’t have an identifiable cause. Although there are different opinions about when a patient can be declared as suffering from chronic pain (after six months or twelve months), the presence of such sensation after the healing period usually leads to this diagnosis. One of the diseases with a generalized chronic pain as a symptom, which continues to generate many debates in the medical world, is fibromyalgia. Fibromyalgia, a disorder that affects the overall system and has an effect of generalized chronic pain, will be delineated in this paper, including its causes, manifestation, and part of the process of managing this disease in which a kinesiologist would have a central role. Fibromyalgia, estimated to affect 4% of the population, is a compilation of symptoms accompanying pain, which include fatigue, stiffness and sleep disturbance, along with psychiatric conditions such as depression, anxiety or post-traumatic stress disorder. There are different...
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...Chronic Intractable Pain Diane Purcell Sophia Praskala Types of Pain: * Acute pain- short term, self-limiting, recent onset, transient often follows an injury. * Chronic pain- 6 months or longer. Persistent pain which can be divided into malignant and non-malignant. These individuals usually present with a complex array of medical and psychosocial problems that render them as a “vulnerable population.” There is evidence of prejudicial attitude esp. by Health Care Providers. * Intractable pain-severe, constant pain that is not curable by any known * means and which may cause a bed or house-bound state. It may cause adverse biologic effects on the body’s cardiovascular, hormone, and neurological systems. Common Causes of Intractable Pain: * Spine degeneration * Auto immune rheumatoid disease- Fibromyalgia, Lupus * Peripheral nerve damage or Reflex systemic dystrophy * Abdominal adhesions * Headaches- post concussion or post trauma * Malignant Fibromyalgia * Arachnoiditis * Pelvic Floor, Groin, Vulvar, or Prostatic pain * Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy Stats: * Back pain reported as primary source of chronic pain followed by osteoarthritis. * Internet survey- 30.7% reported chronic pain, females 34.3% and males 30.7%. Increasing age and lower socioeconomic status are indicators for increase in chronic pain. * In N.C. unintentional overdose accounts for approx. 3 deaths a day...
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...Chronic Pain 1. What are the risk factors for low back injury? 2. Describe differences between acute pain management and chronic pain management. 3. Identify common concerns related to long-term use of opiod medications. 4. What are the top three nursing diagnosis priorities for a patient with an acute exacerbation of chronic pain? 5. Identify and explain at least two adjuncts, other than medications, that are used for chronic pain management. 6. Describe the possible impact of chronic pain on the psychosocial, spiritual, cultural, and developmental levels of a patient. Asthma 1. What are the risk factors for asthma? 2. Describe routine nursing care that would be appropriate for a homecare patient. 3. Describe education a patient requires to self-administer nebulizer treatments. 4. What are the top three nursing diagnosis priorities for the patient having an asthma attack in the home. 5. Identify three common complications for untreated asthma. Explain the nursing care designed to prevent each of these complications from occurring. 6. Describe the effects of common asthma medications. 7. Prepare for teaching a patient with limited English proficiency how to manage asthma at home. Tuberculosis 1. What are the risk factors for tuberculosis? 2. Describe three different types of tuberculosis and the common treatment recommendations for each. 3. Identify common concerns related to long-term administration of tuberculosis...
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...Chronic back pain can occur due to a variety of situations. It is a difficult condition to live with and even more difficult for a medical provider to treat. This is because the spine is literally the backbone of your body. It is why you can sit down and stand up, walk and bend over. Feeling and movement would not exist as we know it without these 24 vertebrae lined up vertically in your back. Each of these vertebrae provide support and structure. They hold and protect your spinal cord and when something goes wrong in this area, the nerves and tendons attaching to and moving through them are affected. Pain, numbness, tingling and loss of feeling or movement can result. How the damage occurs is key to treating the problem. Most chronic problems develop from acute or one time conditions that are not addressed. There are many contributing factors that increase the chances your spine can be injured and become a long term or chronic condition. Because our vertebrae are bones, they are made up of salts which are minerals. The tendons and muscles that attach to them are elastic and they need to be flexible yet strong. Many people do not take the time to “feed” their spine and stretch their muscles. Feeding your spine mineral supplements along with vitamin D can help keep your vertebrae strong. Over the years the bones can degrade, and these minerals and vitamin are the hammers and nails that keep your bones strong. What exercise does for the muscles and tendons, minerals...
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...Management of Chronic Pain Chronic pain occurs due to various reversible and irreversible disorders. But mainly causes of chronic pain are irreversible. Therefore most of the chronic pain conditions cannot be cured completely. But the pain can be managed to allow the individual to carry out a normal life style. Also it is important to remember that pain is treatable. The goal of chronic pain management is to improve function, enabling the individual to work, attend school, or participate in other day-to-day activities (7), to interrupt the reinforcement of pain behavior and modulation of pain responses (9). Despite the effectiveness of the treatment method, appropriate precautions should be...
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...A kidney’s function is filtering the waste products from the blood and converting them to urine. Whenever the kidney loses this ability, waste products are going to build up, which is critically dangerous and can be life threatening (1). The treatment of the chronic kidney disease starts with analyzing the causes of chronic kidney disease (6), and this absence of kidney’s function is known as the end stage of chronic kidney disease or renal failure (kidney failure) and this absence is the most common stage for needing a kidney transplant (1). Furthermore, patients with kidney failure will need to choose the next stage of treatment. However, deciding the type of treatment depends on a few points such as the patient’s lifestyle, availability of resources and the patient’s financial condition (2). Choices the patient will be faced with are dialysis “a means of artificially replacing some functions of the kidney” or a kidney transplant. Kidney transplants can be very successful. For instance, over 94% of transplants are working one year later (2). However, kidney transplantation is a complex process that undergoes three steps, which are waiting for a kidney, testing the donor and the actual surgical transplant procedure....
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...Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Kristina Morgan ITT Technical Institute Ms. Gesicki October 11, 2015 Chronic fatigue syndrome is a complicated disorder characterized by extreme fatigue that can't be explained by any underlying medical condition. The fatigue may worsen with physical or mental activity, but doesn't improve with rest. The cause of chronic fatigue syndrome is unknown, although there are many theories — ranging from viral infections to psychological stress. Some experts believe chronic fatigue syndrome might be triggered by a combination of factors. There are eight official signs and symptoms of chronic fatigue disorder, including the official symptom that give this disorder its name. Symptoms include: extreme fatigue, loss of memory and difficulties with concentration, sore throat, enlarged lymph nodes, unexplained muscle pain, joint pain that seems to move from joint to joint without any swelling or redness, headaches, inability to be refreshed by sleep and extreme exhaustion after periods of physical exertion lasting more than 24 hours. Fatigue can be a symptom of many illnesses, such as infections or psychological disorders. Scientists don't know exactly what causes chronic fatigue syndrome. It may be a combination of factors that affect people who were born with a predisposition for the disorder. Some of the factors that have been studied include: * Viral infections. Because some people develop chronic fatigue syndrome after having a viral infection, researchers...
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...Kidney disease 1 Running Head: CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE Understanding Chronic Kidney Disease Kim Prior Rock Valley College Kidney disease 2 Understanding Chronic Kidney Disease Chronic kidney disease is a growing problem with increasing numbers of patients being diagnosed and those beginning dialysis or the transplant process. “Currently, 26 million Americans have CKD…and 111,000 patients were newly diagnosed with end-stage renal disease in 1 year” (Castner, 2010, p. 26). Chronic kidney disease develops over years and can be considered a silent disease because many patients with this disease are diagnosed while being tested for another condition. Signs and symptoms of the disease are dependent on the cause, stage, and other medical conditions the patient has that may complicate the kidney disease. The first step is to identify patients with increased risk factors and early signs and symptoms of kidney disease. Risk factors include a family history, diabetes, smoking, obesity, hypertension, exposure to harmful substances that may injure the kidneys, and cardiac conditions such as heart failure or acute myocardial infarction (Castner, 2010). Patients that have these risk factors should be evaluated frequently by their physician as well as educated about lifestyle changes to decrease their risk (weight loss, exercise, smoking cessation, blood sugar control, blood pressure monitoring, and a healthy diet. Early signs and symptoms include fatigue...
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...Pathophysiology Chronic Kidney Disease: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an irreversible condition that progresses causing kidney dysfunction and then to kidney failure. It is classified by a GFR of <60mL/min for longer than 3 months. There are five stages of CKD: Stage 1 has kidney damage but has a GFR ≥ 90. Stage 2 has mild damage and a GFR of 60-89. Stage 3 has moderate damage and a GFR of 30-59. Stage 4 has severe damage and a GFR of 15-29. Stage 5 is also known as end stage renal disease (ESRD), this is kidney failure with a GFR of ≤ 15 and theses patients are typically on dialysis or in need of an immediate transplant. The leading cause of CKD is diabetes. Hypertension is also a major cause. Since most DM patients have HTN, this is why most cases involve DM. The lack of tissue perfusion leads the kidneys to fail in properly filtering out waste and excreting. In ESRD most patients become anuric. The clinical manifestations of CKD affect the entire body system, called uremia. This is caused by the build up and retention of waste products such as; urea, creatinine, phenol, hormones, electrolytes, and water. This can cause hypervolemia, peripheral edema, hyperphosphatemia, hyperkalemia, hypocalcemia, metabolic acidosis, anemia, and peripheral neuropathy. As the BUN increases, nausea, vomiting, lethargy, fatigue, headaches, and impaired thought process result. This toxic build up causes many complication system wide. This patient presents with slow motor and thought...
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...Central University of Technology, Bloemfontein Early detection and prevention of Chronic Kidney Disease Contents page Definition of key terms used in the assignment Abbreviations used in the assignment Introduction Chronic Kidney Disease, a condition characterised by a gradual loss of kidney function. CKD is often misdiagnosed owing to the lack of knowledge about the disease. With early detection and prevention of the progression of the disease CKD patients can still enjoy life to the fullest while they manage their disease, however if the healthcare professionals fail to identify the disease on time the patient can suffer dire consequences. Besides the financial implications associated with the disease, there are the emotional implications together with physical and psychological. This assignment seeks to explore such implications in an effort to highlight the importance of early detection and prevention of kidney disease, with the best interest of the patient at heart Background Normal kidney anatomy http://doctorstock.photoshelter.com/image/I000096SqkYwaLhE The bean-shaped kidneys lie in retroperitoneal position in the superior lumbar region. Extending approximately from T12 to L3, the kidneys receive some form of protection from the lower part of the rib cage (E.N. Marieb, K Hoehn, 2010) The kidneys functions can be divided into two, non-excretory functions and excretory functions. Under excretory we have Glomerular filtration, Tubule...
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