...Liberty University Research Paper The Origin of Anabaptist Submitted to Dr. Jerry Sutton “Church History” – CHHI 694 By Jonathan Whitfield August 11, 2013 Table of Content Thesis Statement 3 Introduction 4 Origins 5 History 7 Beliefs 10 Rituals and Worship 12 Ethics and Community 13 Conclusion 15 Bibliography 16 Thesis Statement The Anabaptists were distinct because of their assertion of the necessity of adult baptism, rejecting the infant baptism practiced by the Roman Catholic Church, and by defining their characteristics in the belief in the separation of church and state, and the concept that the church represents the community of the saved. Introduction Four hundred seventy years ago the Anabaptist movement was launched with the inauguration of believers' baptism and the formation of the first congregation of the Swiss Brethren in Zurich, Switzerland. The movement was formed to give men and women the opportunity to follow the whole Word of God by the virtues thought by Jesus Christ. This movement also gave a significant stance of issues that were pertinent to their beliefs and the local community. In our view of such participation we would call them dominant and forceful especially when it came to the questions on slavery. This was more than just an active voice, they responded to slavery by assisting the escape efforts of...
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...Christian history details around many various topics such as the role of women as well as the duty to care for the poor. Christians are commanded to help one another, primarily those with less means. As revealed throughout the New Testament, it is in a believers best interest to provide to the needy as those who give will lack nothing but those who ignore the poor will suffer (Proverbs 28:27). Throughout the Bible, it is also evident that men were predominantly the heads of families and crucial leaders in past time. With primary figures such as Abraham, Moses, and David in the Old Testament, history proves that the Bible is primarily patriarchal. Women, however, have played an integral part to the work of the early church. As the last disciples...
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... I. Introduction II. Who was Martin Luther? III. Martin Luther Calls for Reformation IV. A Short synopsis of the Ninety Five Theses V. Result of the Theses VI. Sources Consulted Introduction Martin Luther was the first person to translate and publish the Bible in the commonly-spoken dialect of the German people. Luther's hymns sparked the development of congregational singing in Christianity. His marriage, on June 13, 1525, to Katharina von Bora, a former nun, began the tradition of clerical marriage within several Christian traditions. Martin Luther was one of the most influential and compelling figures of Church history. Some of the most fundamental tenets of the Catholic Church were called into question by Luther, and lead to the greatest religious revolt in Church history, now known as the Protestant Reformation. Who Was Martin Luther? Martin Luther was born to Hans and Margaretta Luther on November 10, 1483 in Eisleben, Germany. He was baptized on the feast day of St. Martin of Tours, for whom he was named. Martin’s childhood was one of abuse and uncompromising cruelty, “His father once beat him so mercilessly that he ran away from home …His mother, "on account of an insignificant nut, beat me till the blood flowed, and it was this harshness and severity of the life I led with them that forced me subsequently to run away to a monastery and become a monk." His father owned and worked a copper mine in the nearby...
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...| Thinking Like An Historian | The Dialectic in Faith/Reason and Ethics/Daily Life | | | History 104: The Medieval World: 500-1500 C.E. | This paper is going to cover two countries. One is a western European nation and one is a Middle Eastern nation. We are going to be covering France and Iraq and how their medieval formation of religion shaped their country into what it is today. The purpose of this paper is to outline how religion used to have such an impact and see how much that impact is today. Church and State have made a separation but is that a good thing or a bad thing? When you think of France you think of the Eiffel Tower, rolling fields of grapes at one of the many vineyards on the countryside, the fantastic food and the endless romance. Most do not often think about the days when soldiers in suits made of iron ran the countryside and collected the King’s taxes from all of the peasants he ruled over. It was a time when work and the Church were the only things in your life. Modern day France is Parliamentary Republic with two Houses of Parliament (the Senate and the National Assembly) and the Council of Ministers, led by the Prime Minister.1 The Republic of France is ultimately led by a President but he/she must confer with all branches of government before any major changes can be made. This political checks and balances system ensures that the people of France have a part in how government rules over nation. National sovereignty is vested in the...
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...Feudalism At the start of the middle ages, most of Europe’s many nations lacked any source of structure or government. Things were very chaotic, and when the king of France realized that his civilization was crumbling, he decided to do something about it. He started a system in which he rented out his kingdom’s land in return for money, labor, or military service. This system is known as feudalism. In many ways it was a very beneficial system, but it had its faults. Over the middle ages, feudalism spread all throughout Europe. And even though it eventually failed, feudalism grew into one of the most powerful and well known political systems in history. Feudalism originally grew out of the chaos amongst the empires within Europe between the 9th and 15th centuries. Cities and states were struggling with each other and feudalism was a cure to their problems. It was a way to gather and organize an army of men and keep them on hand to restore and keep order in the land. The feudal system consisted of vassals, someone who serves, arranged in a pyramid. At the base of the pyramid was the largest group, the peasants or serfs that provided food and services. Above them were the merchants and craftsmen that served the lords and knights. The knights and nobles served the barons, bishops, and other officials. At the peak of the pyramid sat the king, who ruled everyone. Although this “pyramid” may resemble the social and political structure of previous societies, such as ancient...
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...Samuel 7, I Kings 6:1-38, Amos 2, 4:4-8, 5:21-24, 7, 9:13-15. Isaiah 53, Jeremiah 31:31-33, Ecclesiastes 3, Daniel 7:13-14, 12:2. Enuma Elish in Course Documents Epic of Gilgamesh http://www.ancienttexts.org/library/mesopotamian/gilgamesh/ 9/3-9/17: Biblical History and Selections from the Hebrew Bible. 9/22: Test #1. Hebrew Bible and History. 9/24-10/8: New Testament History and Biblical Selections. Mueller: pgs 73-124. Gospel of Mark. John 1:1-18, Acts of the Apostles, TBD, Letter from Paul to the Galatians, Letter from Paul to the Romans. Continued New Testament History, early Christianity. Women in the New Testament period. Mueller, pgs 105-124, 277-296 Council of Nicea, http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/3801.htm Council of Constantinople and Council of Chalcedon http://ancienthistory.about.com/od/monotheisticreligions/g/chalcedoncreed.htm Council of Constantinople, http://www.piar.hu/councils/ecum02.htm 10/13: Classes meet on a Monday schedule. 10/15: Paul. Early Christianity. 10/20: Test #2. New Testament and Christian History. 10/22 -11/3: Christian History--4th century to Modern times. Muslims, Protestants, Eastern Orthodox, Roman Catholics. Mueller, pgs 299-322, pgs 155-177. 11/5-11/12: Catholic and Protestant Theologians: Augustine,...
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...THE PRESBYTERIAN UNIVERSITY OF EAST AFRICA DEPARTMENT OF THEOLOGY TOPIC: Contribution of African Instituted Churches to the growth and rapid spread of Christianity into the interior of Africa. Submitted to LECTURER: REV. DR. HEZEKIAH MURAYA By STUDENT: SAMUEL RIUNGU MURATHA(V30/34302/2014) Being partial fulfillment of COURSE: AFRICAN CHURCH HISTORY 1 (TCH 102) On DATE: 31st March 2015 OUTLINE 1. INTRODUCTION 2. THE BEGINNINGS 3. ITS PRACTICE: AVENUE INTO THE HEART OF AFRICA 4. CONCLUSION 5. BIBLIOGRAPHY Introduction Thesis: this paper is meant to highlight on the beginnings and the rationale behind the founding of African Instituted Churches, their spread throughout Africa and discuss their contribution to the spread of Christianity in Africa and especially the interior of the continent. Hereafter referred to as AICs, they are usually identified as; African Independent Churches, African Initiated Churches, or African initiated churches. The AICs, represent well over 10,000 independent Christian denominations in Africa. African Independent Churches are found in every region and country in Africa. The common thread uniting all of the Christian churches is that they were all established by African initiative rather than by foreign missionary agendas. Even though many of these churches have traditional denominational names and relationships, they are not defined by these traditions. These churches emphasize that they...
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...John Mark Terry wrote a concise history of the church’s work of evangelism from the time of Jesus until the modern day. Inspired by a chapter on the history of evangelism in Delos Miles’s book, Introduction to Evangelism, he set out to write a longer, fuller treatment of the subject. The book was written primarily for ministry students in colleges and seminaries in North America. He said the book was designed as a supplemental text for introductory courses in evangelism or as a primary text for courses on in the history of evangelism. The book was written in chronological order from the time of Jesus until the modern day. The first two chapters dealt with Jesus’ own practice of evangelism and the evangelistic work of the New Testament church. In the chapters, he discussed the characteristics of their evangelism and the strategies they used. The third and fourth chapters of the book covered the history of evangelism from the Second Century through the Middle Ages. He noted the change in methods as people were forced by governments to convert to Christianity. Chapters 5 and 6 described the work of evangelism before and during the Reformation. Chapter 5 unpacked information leading up to the Reformation, emphasizing the preaching of the Bible, ministry to common people, the importance of preaching over the sacraments, and the relatively new communication of Bible truth in the common language of the people. Chapter 6 covered the evangelism of Luther, Calvin, Zwingli, and the Anabaptists...
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...History of Christianity Constantine: A Rulers effect on Christianity Since the beginning of time, the ancient Romans worshipped hundreds of gods and goddesses. Many of those deities came from foreign lands that the Romans had conquered. As different faiths sprang up across the ever-expanding empire, they were more or less tolerated. Such open attitude, however, was not the case for Judaism and Christianity. Both religions pointedly refused to honor Roman gods and to idolize Roman emperors. As a result, the Jews and Christians endured centuries of hardship. That was until Constantine took control of Rome introducing tolerance throughout the empire. Throughout this paper the research will show how Constantine’s conversion to Christianity shaped and has continue to shape how Christianity spread throughout the World. Christian Life Before Constantine Before we can dive into how Constantine shaped the Christian world we need to talk about the life of a Christian before Constantine was emperor. A Christian’s life was not fully marked with persecution, as it is commonly believed. While Diocletian was sole emperor Christians lived in relative peace with the Roman government. Eusebius who described the time with extraordinary terms “the glory and the liberty with which the doctrine of piety was honoured” documented this fact. It was not until Diocletian shared the throne with Galerius that the empire began persecuting Christians again. The two of them convened in Nicmedia in...
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...that regulates all aspects of freedom, including religion, for its people, explains why North Koreans are approximately one percent evangelized. North Korea is ranked as the number one country where Christians are most persecuted for their belief. God remains faithful to His intent on reaching all peoples and Koreans are not the exception. In order to bring the Gospel to them, much planning, preparation, and training must take place before taking such a dangerous journey. It is the intention of this paper to devise a strategy to bring God’s name to this unreached people group. This paper will first discuss their background, historical events, language, society, and religions. Second, this paper will include a brief review of the history of...
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...Liberty University The Chaplain in Today’s Military A paper submitted to Dr. Charlie Davidson In partial fulfillment of the Requirements for the course CHPL 600 Liberty Theological seminary By Jonathan Keene Lynchburg, Virginia Friday, October 11, 2013 Table of Contents Introduction 3 Legal Boundaries 3 Theological/Biblical Justification for the Christian Chaplaincy 5 The Chaplain’s Present Ministry 6 The Future of the Christian Military Chaplain 9 Conclusion 12 Bibliography 13 Introduction The chaplaincy in the American Military is as old as the United States of America. Chaplains fought alongside General George Washington in the revolutionary war and served as officiators over many ceremonial precedings in the early days of United States history. Today’s military chaplain still fights alongside military men and women in austere environments around the globe. He is responsible for providing meaningful worship materials and services for the variety of faiths that are represented by individuals in the United States Military. It is through the policy of pluralism in an attitude of tolerance and compassion that the military chaplain is able to minister to service men and women of various faiths. Recent policy decisions by the United States Pentagon, the last few presidential administrations, and the leaders of the armed forces have created an increasingly difficult environment for devout Christians to...
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...have living in the country of Israel, and how their culture meshes with that of Israel as a whole. Making up only about 2 percent of the 7,000,000 people of Israel, Christians living in Israel are very much a minority by number.1 Interestingly, though, Israel is the only country in the Middle East where the Christian population has grown over the past 60 years, now standing at over 155,000.2The Christian peoples of Israel can be classified into four main groups. These are the Orthodox Churches, the Non- 1 Eldar, Yishai, “Focus on Israel – The Christian Communities of Israel” 2 Reidy, Tim, “The Holy Land and the Church in the Middle East” Chalcedonian Churches, the Latin and Uniate Churches, and the Protestant Churches.3 Specifically, the state of Israel officially recognizes a number of Christian Communities. This recognized status allows the ecclesiastical, or church, courts of these communities to be granted jurisdiction in matters of personal status, for example the areas of marriage and divorce. These recognized communities are the Greek Orthodox, the Greek Catholic (Melkite), the Latin, the Armenian Orthodox, the Armenian Catholic, the Syrian Orthodox, the Syrian Catholic, the Chaldean Catholic, the Marionite, and the Anglican (Evangelical...
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...differences between Evangelicals and Contemporary Roman Catholics. A. Origin of the Roman Catholic Church. 1. Different views of Church History. 2. Apostolic Succession. 3. Veneration of the Saint/ Virgin Mary. B. Mass/ Sacraments/ Eucharist/ Purgatory. III. Protestant Reformation. A. Council of Trent. 1. Vatican Counsel II. 2. Biblical Canonization/ Apocrypha B. Evangelical Attitude toward Contemporary Roman Catholicism? 1. Areas of Agreement. 2. Area of Disagreement. 3 Different views of Church of Authority. 4. Different view on Salvation on justification. IV. Conclusion: Evangelicals persist that some of the Contemporary Roman Catholic teachings can be misleading, in spite of this salvation to the believer can still be achieved. Introduction Since the Vatican Council II commenced in 1963, the Roman Catholic Church had a paradigm shift in regard to its interaction with Protestant believers. The Catholic Church reformed their approach from a strict theological tradition to a refashioned tolerance to modern culture. The Roman Catholic Church has also reached out to Protestants and formed organizations such as...
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...SEMINARY LIBERTY UNIVERSITY SEPERATION OF CHURCH AND STATE A NEEDED REFORM PROPOSED BY THE ANABAPTISTS SUBMITTED TO DR. TIMOTHY McALHANEY IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR CHHI 525 – HISTORY OF CHRISTIANITY 2 SECTION B13 BY DEAN GREGORY STUDENT ID # XXXXXXXXXX SUBMITTED ON TUESDAY, MARCH 12, 2013 CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 2 CHURCH AND STATE RELATIONS 2 THE BEGINNING 3 PRE-REFORMATION ABUSE 3 REFORMATION 4 POST-REFORMATION 8 CHURCH AND STATE SEPARATION 8 CONSLUSION 10 BIBLOGRAPHY 11 INTRODUCTION Constantine changed the relationship between the church and the state from seeing the church as a threat to seeing the church as a way to bind a nation together. Over time, the church and the state blended to the point of them becoming seen as one institution instead of two distinct institutions. As the church became more and more politically powerful, it was able to control state affairs to the point of being proclaimed the official religion of the state. This intertwining of the church and state eventually was seen by some radical groups, like the Anabaptist, in need of change during the Reformation period. It has been shown during the reformation that a state sanctioned religion has typically caused corruption in the religion, bloodshed in the name of God, and shows the Anabaptist desire to separate the church and state to be a superior model. This paper will argue the need of the church to be separate from the state for God’s...
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...Tanya Spinella 2-18-11 History 102 Essay # 1 The feudal system of Europe was created in response to a need by the king of the Franks, Charles Martel, to pay his warriors. Martel began to give fiefs owned by the church, in return for a well-trained vessel to protect his kingdom from the Moors, who were threatening their attack. This system, feudalism, is a hierarchical structure used to govern and oppress the peasants. The Catholic church played a major role in the upholding of the feudal system by threatening excommunication to the lowly servants of God. The end of feudalism was a gradual happening caused by the Black Death, the commercial revolution, and humanism in European Society resulting in the enlightened, free thinking peoples of the Renaissance. The Black Death was one of the leading causes for the disintegration of the feudal system. Also known as the Bubonic Plague, the Black Death originated in China in the early 1000’s A.D.[1] The epidemic spread to Europe around 1347 A.D. killing two-thirds of the population. Denser populated areas of Europe, like London, were affected the most however; because of it’s crowded towns, and poorer families housing at least twelve people, the black plague swept through these places easily. [2] Because of the drastic drop off in population, new opportunities began to present themselves to the once hapless citizens who survived the bubonic plague. An increase in available land was one of these many benefits resulting in more crop...
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