...1. Smoking imposes a huge economic burden on society— currently up to 15% of total healthcare costs in developed countries. 2. The Benefits of smoking cessation: a. Improvements in life expectancy and prevention of disease, improvement in individuals’ and passive smokers quality of life after stopping smoking, b. economic benefits to individuals and society. 3. Economic burden of smoking: In US economic cost is 0.6% to 0.85% GDP, $50bn a year for the treatment of smoking related diseases, in addition to an annual $47bn in lost earnings and productivity. Smoking related fires cause about £151m of damage each year in England and Wales. 4. Cost effectiveness of cessation programs: Clear evidence exists that smoking cessation interventions are effective. Face to face cessation interventions provide excellent value for money compared with other medical interventions. Cessation program tends to be more effective as its intensity increases; increased intensity is associated with increased costs, therefore increasing both sides of the cost effectiveness ratio. In the United Kingdom Using PREVENT simulation model which includes four interventions: a basic intervention of three minutes of opportunistic brief advice; brief advice plus self help material; brief advice plus self help material and nicotine replacement products; and brief advice plus self help material. The most cost effective intervention was the brief advice alone, in US the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality’s...
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...situations. These are situa‐ tions in which each person, when deciding what action(s) to take, must first consider how others might respond to that action. Decision‐making is a constant activity of managers and business. Strategic decisions have to be made every day. Making the wrong decision can have a negative effect not only on the manager’s career, but also on the company’s survival. Even the most successful executives make mistakes from time to time. This is in many cases due to the way in which executives process information coming from the outside world. Managers and business students study psychology and negotiation to avoid mind traps. Particular techniques can be used to facilitate the decision‐making process (brainstorming, simulations, etc). Oil Pricing is a so‐called ʺsocial trapʺ exercise, in which long‐term maximization requires mutual trust where significant short‐term gains are possible by breaking that trust. In most rounds, communication must be implicit, and is hence highly ambiguous and subject to misinterpretation, usually by the pro‐ jection of negative and adversarial intentions that donʹt actually exist. At certain points, the parties are given the opportunity to communicate explicitly, and may choose to reach pricing agreements or not (and subsequently, to honor those agreements or not). The exercise highlights the frequency with which we make imprecise and inadequately supported assumptions, suggesting the importance of making and keeping assumptions...
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...PART II INSTRUCTOR’S NOTES ON TEXT CASES CASE GUIDE CHAPTER CASE | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 1–1 Starbucks – Going Global Fast | X | X | | X | X | | | | | | X | X | | | | | | | | 1–2 Nestlé – The Infant Formula Incident | | X | X | X | X | | | X | | | X | X | | | | | | | | 1–3 Coke and Pepsi Learn to Compete in India | | | | X | X | X | | | | | X | X | | | | | | | | 1-4 Marketing Microwave Ovens to a New Market Segment | | | | X | X | | | | | | X | X | | | | | | X | | 2–1 The Not-So-Wonderful World of EuroDisney | | | | X | | X | X | X | | | X | | | | | | | X | | 2-2 Cultural Norms, Fair and Lovely, and Advertising | | | | X | X | | | X | | | X | X | | | | | | | | 2–3 Starnes-Brenner Machine Tool Company – To Bribe or Not to Bribe | | | | | X | | X | | | | | | | | | | X | | | 2-4 Ethics and Airbus* | | | | X | X | X | X | | | | | | X | | | | | | | 2–5 Coping with Corruption in Trading with China | | | | | X | X | X | | | | | | | | | | | | | 2–6 When International Buyers and Sellers Disagree | | | | | | | X | | | | | | | | X | | | | | 2-7 McDonald’s and Obesity | ...
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...almost on the verge of becoming number one in their respective categories. Most of our machineries have been imported from world famous brands as Krones, Tetra Pak, Alfalaval, Sipa, and Husky to achieve the best quality. The history of Akij Group stretches back to later part of the forties. In its infancy, the Group started in humble way with jute trading which was known as the golden fiber of the country, earning highest amount of foreign exchange. Akij Group's ceaseless efforts with dynamic management and support from our numerous clients have led our Group in diversifying its business activities. In the second phase, the Group went into manufacturing handmade cigarettes popularly known as “Biris”. This sector gave a real boost to the revenue earning of the Group as well as making a substantial contribution to government exchequer. With the passage of time, the Group undertook new ventures and presently there are 15 units of industries under its umbrella like...
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...Sipa, and Husky to achieve the best quality. The history of Akij Group stretches back to later part of the forties. In its infancy, the Group started in humble way with jute trading which was known as the golden fiber of the country, earning highest amount of foreign exchange. Akij Group's ceaseless efforts with dynamic management and support from our numerous clients have led our Group in diversifying its business activities. In the second phase, the Group went into manufacturing handmade cigarettes popularly known as “Biris”. This sector gave a real boost to the revenue earning of the Group as well as making a substantial contribution to government exchequer. With the passage of time, the Group undertook new ventures and presently there are 15 units of industries under its umbrella like cigarettes, handmade...
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...Unfortunately, there is a lack of research on group-level determinants. 1.1 RATIONALE OF THE STUDY In-store marketing is increasingly becoming an important part of promotion. Advertising is becoming highly diversified. Increased number of media channels has created a clutter for the consumer. Due to the increased demand, the media channels rates have gone up, as they enjoy higher viewership than before. Middle scale businesses can’t afford such higher rates, so they find out newer channels for their product advertisement. This situation has compelled the middle and small level businesses to go for in-store advertising. There is one another reason why businesses started focusing on this type of media and that is also applicable to huge level organizations as well. The reason is focusing on short term or the desire to achieve the goals in short term. Marketing departments are constantly under pressure to show the effects of their activities directly...
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...Table of Contents INTRODUCTION 2 I. LITERATURE REVIEW 3 I.1 Externalities 3 I.2. Environmental tax 5 II. THE LEVY ON PLASTIC BAGS IN IRELAND 8 II.1. Summary 8 II.2.The nature of the levy 10 II.3. Implementation and enforcement 12 II.4. Results and impacts 12 III. LESSON FROM PLASTIC BAGS LEVY IN IRELAND 17 III.1. Ireland’s lessons 17 III.2. Plastic bags levy in Vietnam: 19 CONCLUSION 23 REFERENCES 24 INTRODUCTION Now that people increasingly pay more attention to environmental issues, they are manifested in all areas of life. Air pollution? Do not worry. Already a car powered by electricity or eco-gasoline or even grass. Water pollution? Do not worry. Already advanced wastewater treatment technologies. So what if the pollution is caused by the consumption of plastic bags? Not easy to answer. Let’s stand in the shoes of a public economist. The consumption of plastic bags brings a lot of benefits for everyone. If you are a manufacturer of plastic bags, you will get a lot of money as your profit. If you are a consumer of plastic bags, you will be satisfied with the benefits that they bring you. They are cheap, very light and of course, very easy to throw away after used. Now the problem has arisen. Have you ever wondered where plastic bags will be after discarded? We can say for sure that they do not disappear. They stay and pollute the environment. Environment Commissioner Janez Potocnik used to say: "The impact of this plastic waste can be seen...
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...Technology Management and Strategy (IMEN 301) 目录 1. Abstract 3 2. Introduction 3 1) A creator: James Dyson 3 2) Early products by James Dyson 4 3) A new idea 4 4) The $ 2000 vacuum cleaner 4 5) The first Dyson 4 3. Product 5 1) Vacuum cleaners 5 2) Hand Dryer 5 3) Washing Machine 6 4. R&D 7 5. Marketing 7 1) Evolution of Dyson in the market 7 2) Turnover 8 3) Differentiation Strategy 9 4) Focus Strategy 10 5) Cost Strategy 10 6. Innovation 11 1) The innovator’s challenge 11 2) Fast transition from concept to 3D 11 3) Rapid prototypes from design data 12 4) Computer simulation boosts design accuracy 12 5) Protecting their innovations 13 7. Analysis 13 1) Porter’s Five Force Model 13 Existing Rivalry 14 Bargaining Power of Supplier 14 Potential Entrants 14 Threat of Substitutes 14 Bargaining Power of Buyer 15 2) SWOT Analysis 15 Strength 15 Weakness 15 Opportunity 15 Threat 16 1. Abstract In 1978, James Dyson noticed that the air filter of the workshop where the spraying finishing operations on Ballbarrow models was constantly obstructed powder particles (like a vacuum cleaner bag is blocked by dust). He has designed and manufactured industrial cyclone tower, which removed the powder particles by exerting a centrifugal force 100 000 times the force of gravity. The same principle could he operate in a vacuum? James Dyson began to work. Five years and 5,127 prototypes later, the first Dual Cyclone bagless Vacuum...
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...BRANDING VERSUS A CHANGING CONSUMER CULTURE By Polly Stone Submitted in partial fulfillment for the degree BA Advertising London College of Communication University of the Arts London Dissertation Tutor Dr. Adrian Sledmere April 2014 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS As this work represents the culmination of my education so far and three years of personal development and growth in ways I could have never foreseen, I would like to firstly thank my incredible family for their unwavering love and tenacious support. Secondly, I thank my dear friends whom I embarked on this journey with in September 2011, our share of challenges and triumphs have built characters of us all. I am proud of each and every one of us for remaining sane in the times of adversity and having the courage to finish what we started. I must also thank my creative partner Kim Svanström, for bequeathing me with his design genius, for the patient hours he spent helping me in the digital space and oftentimes, making me laugh harder than I worked. Lastly I would like to thank Dr Adrian Sledmere, for being the stable one and also if unbeknownst to himself, a truly inspiring educator. ABSTRACT The growing disillusionment and scepticism of brands is now a fact in society but where does it stem from and where does it leave brands? This journey started when I read Klein’s (1999) ‘No Logo’ but wanted to explore further why the anti-capitilist protests and movements were happening, what was it inside...
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...Divergent Veronica Roth Dedication To my mother, who gave me the moment when Beatrice realizes how strong her mother is and wonders how she missed it for so long Contents Dedication Chapter One Chapter Two Chapter Three Chapter Four Chapter Five Chapter Six Chapter Seven Chapter Eight Chapter Nine Chapter Ten Chapter Eleven Chapter Twelve Chapter Thirteen Chapter Fourteen Chapter Fifteen Chapter Sixteen Chapter Seventeen Chapter Eighteen Chapter Nineteen Chapter Twenty Chapter Twenty-One Chapter Twenty-Two Chapter Twenty-Three Chapter Twenty-Four Chapter Twenty-Five Chapter Twenty-Six Chapter Twenty-Seven Chapter Twenty-Eight Chapter Twenty-Nine Chapter Thirty Chapter Thirty-One Chapter Thirty-Two Chapter Thirty-Three Chapter Thirty-Four Chapter Thirty-Five Chapter Thirty-Six Chapter Thirty-Seven Chapter Thirty-Eight Chapter Thirty-Nine Excerpt from Insurgent Chapter One Chapter Two Acknowledgments About the Author Back Ad Praise for Divergent Books By Veronica Roth Credits Copyright About the Publisher CHAPTER ONE THERE IS ONE mirror in my house. It is behind a sliding panel in the hallway upstairs. Our faction allows me to stand in front of it on the second day of every third month, the day my mother cuts my hair. I sit on the stool and my mother stands behind me with the scissors, trimming. The strands fall on the floor in a dull, blond ring. When she finishes, she pulls my hair away from my face and twists it into a knot. I note how calm she looks and...
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...Lifesourcing – Blog (www.shomprakash.com) This is Friday Shomprakash Sinha Roy About the author : Shomprakash Sinha Roy is a Senior Technical Consultant and Social Media Professional for Dell International Services. He moonlights as a blogger on a few websites. Notable among them, are his contributions at The Youth Express, and Lifesourcing (www.shomprakash.com). For Roy, writing has been a necessity driven by experiences; more than anything else. Having struggled for survival for three straight years, he finally has a job that pays so that he can keep writing and stay alive at the same time. He dreams of the times of Hemingway and Bill Shakespeare, and idolizes Gabriel Garcia Marquez, Arundhati Roy and Rabindranath Tagore. The story “This is Friday” was presented via the blog Lifesourcing, and was accepted as a truly contemporary work of romance by thousands of readers. It was also promoted via different social media channels and as made its way to readers across India, the Middle East and the United States of America. It’s about one night that begins as a drunken journey across the protagonist’s favourite shopping mall to his favourite lounge in town. It explores a rhythmic side to the city of Bangalore, where the protagonist dwells upon his desires and deep-rooted values of friendship and “trust”. It also turned out to be the author’s first successful attempt to use the present continuous narrative form. His debut novel “The Pink Smoke” is being published by Grapevine...
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...This book has been optimized for viewing at a monitor setting of 1024 x 768 pixels. MADE TO STICK random house a new york MADE TO STICK Why Some Ideas Survive and Others Die • • • C H I P H E AT H & D A N H E AT H Copyright © 2007 by Chip Heath and Dan Heath All rights reserved. Published in the United States by Random House, an imprint of The Random House Publishing Group, a division of Random House, Inc., New York. Random House and colophon are registered trademarks of Random House, Inc. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Heath, Chip. Made to stick : why some ideas survive and others die / Chip Heath & Dan Heath p. cm. Includes index. eISBN: 978-1-58836-596-5 1. Social psychology. 2. Contagion (Social psychology). 3. Context effects (Psychology). I. Heath, Dan. II. Title. HM1033.H43 2007 302'.13—dc22 2006046467 www.atrandom.com Designed by Stephanie Huntwork v1.0 To Dad, for driving an old tan Chevette while putting us through college. To Mom, for making us breakfast every day for eighteen years. Each. C O N T E N T S INTRODUCTION WHAT STICKS? 3 Kidney heist. Movie popcorn. Sticky = understandable, memorable, and effective in changing thought or behavior. Halloween candy. Six principles: SUCCESs. The villain: Curse of Knowledge. It’s hard to be a tapper. Creativity starts with templates. CHAPTER 1 SIMPLE 25 Commander’s Intent. THE low-fare airline. Burying the lead and the inverted pyramid. It’s the...
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...[pic] Frank G. Madsen Queens’ College University of Cambridge International Monetary Flows of Non-Declared Origin This dissertation is submitted to the University of Cambridge to Fulfil the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy April 2008 Ambrogio Lorenzetti, Effetti del Buon Governo Siena, Palazzo Pubblico Sala dei Nove 1337-1340 Declaration This dissertation is the result of my own work and includes nothing, which is the outcome of work done in collaboration. Chapter 3, “Complexity, TOC and Terrorism”, was presented in an embryonic form at the ISA conference in Chicago, USA, March 2007. Chapter 4, “Organised Crime”, is the further elaboration of a chapter of the same title published in 2007 in the Oxford Handbook on the United Nations Statement of Length The dissertation does not exceed the word limit of 80,000 words Fieldwork Thailand (money laundering); Indonesia and Burma (deforestation); New York (US money supply); Washington DC and Fort Worth, Texas (Organised Crime linked to terrorist funding); Australia (Sydney, (APG) and Canberra (money laundering, South Pacific); and Rome, Italy (Chinese organised crime). Contact Frank.Madsen@cantab.net Abstract Through an analysis of the presence and nature of international monetary flows of non-declared origin and their relation to deviant knowledge, the thesis...
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...A test or examination is an assessment intended to measure a test-taker's knowledge, skill, aptitude, physical fitness, or classification in many other topics (e.g., beliefs). A test may be administered orally, on paper, on a computer, or in a confined area that requires a test taker to physically perform a set of skills. Tests vary in style, rigor and requirements. For example, in a closed book test, a test taker is often required to rely upon memory to respond to specific items whereas in an open book test, a test taker may use one or more supplementary tools such as a reference book or calculator when responding to an item. A test may be administered formally or informally. An example of an informal test would be a reading test administered by a parent to a child. An example of a formal test would be a final examination administered by a teacher in a classroom or an I.Q. test administered by a psychologist in a clinic. Formal testing often results in a grade or a test score.[1] A test score may be interpreted with regards to a norm or criterion, or occasionally both. The norm may be established independently, or by statisticalanalysis of a large number of participants. A standardized test is any test that is administered and scored in a consistent manner to ensure legal defensibility.[2]Standardized tests are often used in education, professional certification, psychology (e.g., MMPI), the military, and many other fields. A non-standardized test is usually flexible in scope...
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...1 UNIT 1 Living Things and Their Environment DRAFT April 29, 2014 Photo Credit: http://www.flyingfourchette.com/2013/05/25/around-ubud/ 2 UNIT 1: Living Things and Their Environment Introduction At this point, students have already learned in Grade 8 how the body breaks down food into forms that can be absorbed through the digestive system and then transported to each cell, which was on the other hand discussed in Grade 7 to be the basic unit of life. The learners have also discovered that cells divide to produce new cells by mitosis and meiosis. They have understood that meiosis is an early step in sexual reproduction that leads to variation. Students have been introduced to genetics to be able to appreciate evolutionary differences among species. Learners have also found out that biodiversity is the collective variety of species living in an ecosystem, and by studying the ecosystem; they have come across the various cycling of materials and energy transformation. DRAFT April 29, 2014 All modules in Grade 9 Unit 1-Living Things and Their Environment present student-centered activities that will allow the learners to discover and develop concepts that they may consider useful to their everyday life. At the end of each lesson, key concepts are provided for the students to grasp ideas and information that they will remember even after they have left school. Instructional activities are designed to build up the students’ knowledge, understanding, skills, and ability to transfer...
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