... Submitted by : Ajitesh Kumar Soni(012) Anuj Tripathi(033) Ashish Kumar(042) Avi Shankar(052) Akash Yadav(017) Dheeraj Suri(060) Table of Contents Introduction 3 Cigarettes: 3 The Global Tobacco Market 3 ITC 4 MARKETING MIX 5 Product 5 Price 5 Promotion 5 Place 5 VISION AND MISSION (/www.itcportal.co) 6 VISION 6 MISSION 6 PEST ANALYSIS 6 POLITICAL ANALYSIS 6 SOCIAL ANALYSIS 6 SWOT ANALYSIS (itc-hikes-gold-flake-prices) 8 SEGMENTATION 9 FUTURE GROWTH PROSPECTS 9 Bibliography 11 APPENDIX 12 Introduction Cigarettes: Cigarette is a product consumed via smoking and manufactured out of cured and finely cut tobacco leaves and reconstituted tobacco, combined with other additives, then rolled or stuffed into a paper-wrapped cylinder (generally less than 120 mm in length and 10 mm in diameter). The cigarette is ignited at one end and allowed to smolder for the purpose of inhalation of its smoke from the other (usually filtered) end, which is inserted in the mouth. They are sometimes smoked with a cigarette holder. The term cigarette, as commonly used, refers to a tobacco cigarette but can apply to similar devices containing other herbs, such as cannabis. Approximately 5.5 trillion cigarettes are produced globally each year by the tobacco industry, smoked by over 1.1 billion people, which is more than one-sixth of the world’s total population (financialexpress.com). The Global Tobacco Market There...
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...Indian Institute of Management, Lucknow ITC Ltd: A Strategic Analysis Submitted to: Prof. Arun K Jain In partial fulfillment of the requirements of the course Strategic Management I Submitted by Saurav Goswami (ABM08012) Anuj Saraf (PGP27204) Kaushal Mathur (PGP27219) Sudhanshu Chawla (PGP27255) Section “D” Group 1 Letter of Transmission TO: Prof. Arun K. Jain, Strategy Group Indian Institute of Management, Lucknow FROM: Group 1, Section D Strategic Management Class DATE: March 23, 2012 SUBJECT: Strategic Analysis of ITC Ltd. Dear Sir, You had entrusted us with a project to analyze the strategy of any company of our choice using the frameworks given in the prescribed textbook. We chose ITC Ltd. for this project as it is one of India’s oldest and most diversified companies. This report begins with analyzing the strategic direction of the company which emanates from its vision & mission statements. It then looks at the decisions that the company has taken to achieve its vision by analyzing the environment it operates, the value chain and the core competencies that it has developed over the years and the key factors instrumental in its success. We end by commenting on its future prospects based on our analysis. We are grateful to you for providing us this opportunity to learn the strategic issues in contemporary businesses and giving us the necessary guidance in completing the project. We would also like to thank the entire...
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...Tool 3. Demand Analysis Economic Analysis of Tobacco Demand Nick Wilkins, Ayda Yurekli, and Teh-wei Hu DRAFT USERS : PLEASE PROVIDE FEEDBACK AND COMMENTS TO Joy de Beyer ( jdebeyer@worldbank.org) and Ayda Yurekli (ayurekli@worldbank.org) World Bank, MSN G7-702 1818 H Street NW Washington DC, 20433 USA Fax : (202) 522-3234 Contents I. Introduction 1 Purpose of this Tool 1 Who Should Use this Tool 2 How to Use this Tool 2 II. Define the Objectives of the Analysis 4 The Reason for Analysis of Demand 4 The Economic Case for Demand Intervention 4 Analysis of Demand for the Policy Maker 5 Design an Analysis of Demand Study 6 Components of a Study 6 The Nature of Econometric Analysis 7 Resources Required 7 Summary 8 References and Additional Information 8 III. Conduct Background Research 9 IV. Build the Data Set 11 Choose the Variables 11 Data Availability 11 Data Types 12 Prepare the Data 13 Data Cleaning and Preliminary Examination 14 Preparing the Data Variables 14 References and Additional...
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...HIER Harvard Institute of Economic Research Discussion Paper Number 2097 Paternalism and Psychology by Edward L. Glaeser December 2005 HARVARD UNIVERSITY Cambridge, Massachusetts This paper can be downloaded without charge from: http://post.economics.harvard.edu/hier/2005papers/2005list.html The Social Science Research Network Electronic Paper Collection: http://ssrn.com/abstract=860865 Paternalism and Psychology Edward L. Glaeser† Does bounded rationality make paternalism more attractive? This Essay argues that errors will be larger when suppliers have stronger incentives or lower costs of persuasion and when consumers have weaker incentives to learn the truth. These comparative statics suggest that bounded rationality will often increase the costs of government decisionmaking relative to private decisionmaking, because consumers have better incentives to overcome errors than government decisionmakers, consumers have stronger incentives to choose well when they are purchasing than when they are voting and it is more costly to change the beliefs of millions of consumers than a handful of bureaucrats. As such, recognizing the limits of human cognition may strengthen the case for limited government. INTRODUCTION An increasingly large body of evidence documenting bounded rationality and non-standard preferences has led many scholars to question eco1 nomics’ traditional hostility towards paternalism. After all, if individuals have so many cognitive difficulties then...
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...ISSN 1834-9854 Budget Review 2010–11 Last year’s Budget was framed amid a sharply deteriorating world economy which was considered the most challenging global economic conditions since the Great Depression. In 2009, the global economy contracted for the first time in the post-war era. In contrast, Australia grew by almost 1.5 per cent supported by monetary and fiscal policy stimulus, a well-functioning banking system, and strong growth in a number of East Asian economies. The third Rudd Government Budget, presented on 11 May 2010, was developed within an improving but still uncertain outlook, with events in Greece and other European Union countries reminding us of the risks to the global economic recovery. Strong economic growth in China and India is expected to continue to flow throughout the region and, despite a slower pace, the US is leading the recovery among our advanced economy major trading partners. Global economic growth is in the early stages of recovery but we should remain cognisant of the precarious economic environment which is continuing to challenge government policy makers around the globe. Once again the Parliamentary Library has produced the annual Budget Review that examines the key features of a selection of crucial measures contained in the Budget to assist parliamentarians in their consideration of these issues. The first article, Budget 2010–11: Key Features, provides a macroeconomic analysis and commentary of the Budget, including the...
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...Question 1. :-Define economics? Answer:-It is the study of allocation of resources available to organization or business. It is fundamentally concerned with the art of economizing i.e. making rational choice to yield maximum return of output in minimum resources & efforts by selecting best alternative course of action among various. Question 2. : - Contraction and extension of demand? Answer:-A variation in demand implies “extension” or “contraction” of demand. When with a fall in price more of a commodity is bought there is an extension of demand. Similarly, when a lesser quantity is demanded with a rise in price there is a contraction of demand. In short demand extends when the price falls and it contracts when the price rises. Both of the terms are technically used in stating the law of demand. Question 3. :-Opportunity cost / alternative cost? Answer:-It is measure in terms of the forgone benefits from the next best alternatives use of a given resources in simple words scarifies or loss of alternative use of a given resource is turn as an opportunity cost. The alternative or opportunity cost of one unit of product A is the amount of product B that has been sacrificed by allocating the resources to produce A rather than B. Question 4. :-Low of Demand? Answer:-According to Ceteris Paribus, “The higher the price of the commodity the smaller is the quantity demanded and lover the price larger the quantity demanded other things remain...
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...IN THIS CHAPTER YOU WILL . . . 1 Learn that economics is about the allocation of scarce resources Examine some of the tradeof fs that people face Learn the meaning of oppor tunity cost See how to use marginal reasoning when making decisions TEN OF PRINCIPLES ECONOMICS Discuss how incentives af fect people’s behavior The word economy comes from the Greek word for “one who manages a household.” At first, this origin might seem peculiar. But, in fact, households and economies have much in common. A household faces many decisions. It must decide which members of the household do which tasks and what each member gets in return: Who cooks dinner? Who does the laundry? Who gets the extra dessert at dinner? Who gets to choose what TV show to watch? In short, the household must allocate its scarce resources among its various members, taking into account each member’s abilities, efforts, and desires. Like a household, a society faces many decisions. A society must decide what jobs will be done and who will do them. It needs some people to grow food, other people to make clothing, and still others to design computer software. Once society has allocated people (as well as land, buildings, and machines) to various jobs, 3 Consider why trade among people or nations can be good for everyone Discuss why markets are a good, but not per fect, way to allocate resources Learn what determines some trends in the overall economy 1 TLFeBOOK 2 4 Ten Principles...
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...CASE EXAMINATION CELEBRATIONS AND MEMORIES LTD. (CML) MAY 2008 Copyright © 2008 The Society of Management Accountants of Canada All rights reserved. No part of this manual may be reproduced in any form without the permission of the copyright holder. TABLE OF CONTENTS MAY 2008 Case Examination Page Case Question: Backgrounder .................................................................................. 1 Additional Information .................................................................... 16 General Comments on Performance ...................................................... 24 Steps for Approaching Business Strategy............................................... 32 Assessment and Solution Notes for Markers .......................................... 35 Marker Assessment Guide ...................................................................... 66 Sample Response – Successful Attempt #1 ........................................... 78 Marker’s Comments – Successful Attempt #1 ........................................ 98 Sample Response – Successful Attempt #2 ......................................... 103 Marker’s Comments – Successful Attempt #2 ...................................... 124 Sample Response – Unsuccessful Attempt .......................................... 129 Marker’s Comments – Unsuccessful Attempt ....................................... 144 Supplement of Formulae * .................................................................... 149 *This...
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...MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING Study Material Prepared By INSTITUTE OF COST AND WORKS ACCOUNTANTS OF INDIA for Junior Accounts Officer(Civil) Examination Conducted By CONTROLLER GENERAL OF ACCOUNTS 1 BASICS OF COST ACCOUNTING 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 1.10 1.11 1.12 1.13 ♦ ♦ Evolution of Cost Accounting, Cost Concepts and Cost Classification Introduction Evolution of Cost Accounting Financial Accounting and Cost Accounting Management Accounting Financial, Cost and Management Accounting Cost Concept and Cost Object Cost Management Cost Classification Methods of Costing Techniques of Costing Specific Cost Systems Cost Department and its relationship with other Departments Installation of Costing System Specimen Questions with Answers Test Yourself Page . No 1 1 2 3 4 .5 6 7 10 12 13 14 16 17 18 20 1.0 EVOLUTION OF COST ACCOUNTING, COST CONCEPTS AND COST CLASSIFICATION 1.1 INTRODUCTION Traditionally, cost accounting is considered as the technique and process of ascertaining costs of a given thing. In sixties, the definition of cost accounting was modified as ‘the application of costing and cost accounting principles, methods and techniques to the science, art and practice of cost control and ascertainment of profitability of goods, or services’. It includes the presentation of information derived therefrom for the purpose of managerial decision making. It clearly emphasises the importance of cost accountancy achieved during the period by using cost concepts in...
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...MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING Study Material Prepared By INSTITUTE OF COST AND WORKS ACCOUNTANTS OF INDIA for Junior Accounts Officer(Civil) Examination Conducted By CONTROLLER GENERAL OF ACCOUNTS 1 BASICS OF COST ACCOUNTING 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 1.10 1.11 1.12 1.13 Evolution of Cost Accounting, Cost Concepts and Cost Classification Introduction Evolution of Cost Accounting Financial Accounting and Cost Accounting Management Accounting Financial, Cost and Management Accounting Cost Concept and Cost Object Cost Management Cost Classification Methods of Costing Techniques of Costing Specific Cost Systems Cost Department and its relationship with other Departments Installation of Costing System Specimen Questions with Answers Test Yourself Page . No 1 1 2 3 4 .5 6 7 10 12 13 14 16 17 18 20 ♦ ♦ 1.0 1.1 EVOLUTION OF COST ACCOUNTING, COST CONCEPTS AND COST CLASSIFICATION INTRODUCTION Traditionally, cost accounting is considered as the technique and process of ascertaining costs of a given thing. In sixties, the definition of cost accounting was modified as ‘the application of costing and cost accounting principles, methods and techniques to the science, art and practice of cost control and ascertainment of profitability of goods, or services’. It includes the presentation of information derived therefrom for the purpose of managerial decision making. It clearly emphasises the importance of cost accountancy achieved during the period by using...
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...On Bread and Circuses: Food Subsidy Reform and Popular Opposition in Egypt Ram Sachs Advisor: Professor Lisa Blaydes Center for International Security and Cooperation Stanford University May 21, 2012 ii Abstract In January 1977, Egyptian President Anwar al-Sadat faced tremendous public protest after implementing relatively small changes to the country’s food subsidy regime. In contrast, during the 1980s, and more aggressively in the 1990s, the government of Hosni Mubarak implemented more consequential reductions to subsidies on core food items while avoiding popular protest on a similar scale. I argue that the Mubarak regime engaged in covert price increases, distribution controls, temporary policy reversals, and repression, which allowed it to successfully reduce food subsidies without igniting regime-threatening public opposition during this period. Following the January 2011 revolution, further reform efforts are unlikely as the transitional democratic politics and the increased number of political participants will block change in the short term. iii iv Acknowledgements This thesis has served to unite my academic experience at Stanford. Four years of preparation, and the past year of writing, have produced this exploration of food, politics, and the Middle East. The CISAC Honors Program has provided a fantastic interdisciplinary home for this pursuit. I am thankful to Professors Blacker and Crenshaw for their guidance in this yearlong process. I...
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...INDIA TRYING TO LIBERALISE: INTRODUCTION The foundation of credible national security is based on the level of economic prosperity and well-being of the population of any country. This is especially so for developing countries like India. The attainment of sustained high economic growth is a necessary condition for improving the national security and the quality of life of the people throughout the country Many developing countries in the Asia-Pacific region, including China and India where nearly one third of the world’s population live, are currently going through economic transitions. India launched its market-oriented economic reforms in 1991. China launched similar reforms from 1978 and is now well ahead of India in integrating its national economy with the global economy. However, India is slowly but surely catching up in this race. The contrast in the experiences of these two countries with economic reforms under radically different political systems is remarkable. In India, post-1991 economic reforms have been evolutionary and incremental in nature. There have been delays and reverses in some areas due to the interplay of democratic politics, coalition governments, and pressure groups with vested interests. However, each of the five successive governments that have held office in India since 1991 have carried on these economic reforms, which have been based on market liberalization and a larger role for private enterprise. REFORMS IN INDIA...
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...Economic Outlook, Prospects, and Policy Challenges 01 CHAPTER This year’s Economic Survey comes at a time of unusual volatility in the international economic environment. Markets have begun to swing on fears that the global recovery may be faltering, while risks of extreme events are rising. Amidst this gloomy landscape, India stands out as a haven of stability and an outpost of opportunity. Its macro-economy is stable, founded on the government’s commitment to fiscal consolidation and low inflation. Its economic growth is amongst the highest in the world, helped by a reorientation of government spending toward needed public infrastructure. These achievements are remarkable not least because they have been accomplished in the face of global headwinds and a second successive season of poor rainfall. The task now is to sustain them in an even more difficult global environment. This will require careful economic management. As regards monetary and liquidity policy, the benign outlook for inflation, widening output gaps, the uncertainty about the growth outlook and the over-indebtedness of the corporate sector all imply that there is room for easing. Fiscal consolidation continues to be vital, and will need to maintain credibility and reduce debt, in an uncertain global environment, while sustaining growth. On the government’s “reformto-transform” agenda, a series of measures, each incremental but collectively meaningful have been enacted. There have also...
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...Contents Issues Seeking Permission Page 1 Chapter I Introduction and Background Tribute, Acknowledgements, Pre-budget Consultations, Vision for prosperous Bangladesh, Expectations vis-à-vis Resource Constraints 1-4 Some Important Pledges: Implementation Progress Facing Recession, Achievements of Power and Energy Sector, Agriculture Sector, Land, Fisheries and Live Stock, Food Security, Roads and Bridges, Education, Health, Digital Bangladesh, Climate Change, Women and Children Welfare, Social Safety Net Programmes, Employment Generation, Rural Development, Population Census, Industry and Trade, Public Welfare and Good Governance, Immigration and Skill Development, Optimum Utilisation of Public Money 4-15 Macro-economy and the Global Perspective Growth, External Sector, Export, Import, Remittance, Current Account Balance, Foreign Exchange Reserve, Exchange Rate, Monetary Sector, Inflation, Economic Strategy 15-22 Revised Budget for FY2010-11 Revenue Situation, Revenue Mobilisation, ADP Utilisation, Total expenditure, Budget Deficit 23-25 Chapter II Some Key Sectors Power and Energy: Integrated Development i 25-98 26-31 Issues Program Power: Electricity Production Plan, Power Transmission and Distribution Line, Renewable Energy, Power Savings Energy: Use of Alternative Energy Sources, Gas Production, Exploration of Oil and Gas Page 26-29 29-31 31-47 Agriculture and Rural Development Agriculture: Agriculture Subsidy, Seeds, Hybrid Paddy...
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...COMPENDIUM Budget Terms and Concepts Donald M. Patimo, MPM In partial fulfillment of the requirements in Budget Preparation and Fiscal Management October 18, 2008 Ability to pay This refers to the borrower’s ability to make interest and principal payments on debts. Accelerated depreciation This refers to any depreciation method that produces larger deductions for depreciation in the early years of an asset’s life. Account This refers to a record of a business transaction. This refers to a written or unwritten contract to purchase and take delivery with payment to be made later as arranged. Account balance This refers to the difference between the debit and the credit sides of an account. Accounting period This refers to a time interval at the end of which an analysis is made of the information contained in the bookkeeping records. Also, the period covered by the profit and loss statement. Accounting price A term often used synonymously with shadow price. The term “accounting” indicates that the price is not market price. Accounting prices reflect, for example, the economic value of inputs and outputs as opposed to their financial or market value. Accounts payable Money owed to an individual or business for goods or services that have been received but not yet paid for. Accounting rate of return The ratio of profit before interest and taxation to the percentage of capital employed at the end...
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