...COMPETITION CONCERNS IN FILM INDUSTRY 2013 A RESEARCH PROJECT ON COMPETITION CONCERNS IN FILM INDUSTRY UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF DR. K.D. SINGH DEPUTY DIRECTOR (LAW) COMPETITION COMMISSION OF INDIA BY TULIKA SINGH, VTH YEAR STUDENT OF B.A. L.L.B. (HONS.) AT CHANAKYA NATIONAL LAW UNIVERSITY, PATNA COMPETITION COMMISSION OF INDIA Page 1 DISCLAIMER COMPETITION CONCERNS IN FILM INDUSTRY 2013 This project report has been prepared by the author as an intern under the Internship Programme of the Competition Commission of India for the period of one month from 7th January 2013 to 31st January 2013, for academic purposes only. The views expressed in the report are personal to the intern and do not reflect the views of the Commission or any of its staff or personnel and do not bind the Commission in any manner. This report is the intellectual property of the Competition Commission of India and the same or any part thereof may not be used in any manner whatsoever, without express permission of the Competition Commission of India in writing. COMPETITION COMMISSION OF INDIA Page 2 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT COMPETITION CONCERNS IN FILM INDUSTRY 2013 This research project is undertaken by me as a part of Internship programme of Competition Commission of India. Dr. K. D. Singh, Deputy Director (Law) at CCI guided me through this project. His invaluable inputs and suggestions are deeply acknowledged. Library Staff of CCI also helped me throughout the internship period...
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...industry in Europe has been weakened by the First World War and so many American studios took advantage of the opportunity, the demand for new films to cover most of themselves. The weakness of Edison's monopoly (MPPC) was the insufficient integration of the functional areas of the value chain. This is precisely what the new rendered large companies. Their economic power stemmed from the fact that they took over the production of films, the distribution and the distribution of films and the Exhibition or the operating theater itself, so the functional areas vertically integrated (Balio, 1985). The Oligopoly The oligopoly among five large companies, the majors or the "Big Five" and three smaller companies ("Little Three"). The majors were Paramount Pictures, 20th Century Fox, Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM), Warner Bros. and Radio Keith Orpheum (RKO Pictures). The Big Five controlled the market, because they had the largest and most beautiful movie palaces. About 15% of all cinemas were in their possession,...
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...Case Study Movie Exhibition Industry - Research Papers - Kimsaline 10/9/12 2:01 AM Case Study Movie Exhibition Industry Strategic Analysis of Movie Exhibition Industry By: Kim Saline February 24, 2010 Objective: To provide an analysis and make recommendations to increase revenue in the movie exhibition industry. Overview: Ticket sales for movie theaters are at their lowest point since 1996. With the core demographic group expected to grow slower than the US population and with technological advances growing at speeds faster than the industry can keep up, ticket sales will continue to decline if the current business strategy continues to be followed. Concession sales and ticket sales are the two biggest sources of revenue for a movie theater. Both continue to increase in cost to the consumers and may have reached a price point that is starting to drive consumers away from going to see a movie. With the advancements in home entertainment systems consumers are investing thousands of dollars into their own home viewing systems. They have several options to stream video content into the comfort of their own homes. Theaters have implemented digital content and 3D but it’s not enough to keep up with the competition of technology. My analysis will give you information on the threat of competition from substitutes and the change in buyer behavior and demographics. I will use the five-forces model of competition and a SWOT analysis along with other sources of analysis. The information...
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...The cultural and economic trends of Cinema in Ireland and Wales Acknowledgements This audit of cinemas in Ireland and Wales was commissioned by Sgrîn Cymru Wales and the Arts Council. The study was financially supported by the Ireland/Wales Interreg IIIA Community Initiative Programme: ERDF 2000–2006. Throughout the study we have been fortunate to benefit from the knowledge, enthusiasm and commitment of Rhian Iolo (Exhibition Manager, Sgrîn) and Siobhan Bourke (Film Adviser, Arts Council). Additional invaluable assistance was provided by Stephanie O’Callaghan, Michelle Hoctor, Antoinette O’Neill, and the staff at both Sgrîn and the Arts Council of Ireland. This study would not have been possible without the generous contribution of time, expertise and information from the many cinema owners, managers, projection and customer services staff we met during the study. Our thanks are also due to the individuals and organisations contacted for comment and information during the research. Our sincere thanks are due to each and every one. The views expressed in this report are those of the authors. Unless specifically attributed, they do not represent the views of Sgrîn, the Arts Council, nor those of any persons or organisations who have been consulted in the course of the study. J Ron Inglis & Sue Todd April 2004 Inglis Todd Consultants is an independent arts and media consultancy operating throughout the UK and Ireland. J Ron Inglis and Sue Todd - are among the UK’s leading...
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...Reputation for creatively developing new products. Excellent locations makes this attraction visible for everyone. Profitable organization with a well-known name and product line. Nice, well-trained staff. Reputation for creatively developing new products. Excellent locations makes this attraction visible for everyone. Opportunities Opportunities New development of Waterfront and being in the one of the fastest growing area in Scotland can attract more visitors. New development of Waterfront and being in the one of the fastest growing area in Scotland can attract more visitors. Threats Threats Weaknesses Weaknesses The new museum coming to Dundee called V&A and any other existing businesses like Dundee Science Centre, cinemas, etc. The new museum coming to Dundee called V&A and any other existing businesses like...
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... expenses, and the controllability of these by managers. • What is the trend in profitability? What explains this trend? • Do trends in the general environment and industry structure affect profits? The Movie Exhibition Industry 2013 IT IS APT that 2012’s top-‐grossing film was The Avengers, because movie studios and exhibitors sought to avenge a dismal prior year at the box office. Domestic box office receipts climbed 6 percent from 2011 to a record—setting $10.8 billion in 2012.‘ Three films—The Avengers, The Dark Knight Rises, and Skyfall—grossed more than $1 billion each in global ticket sales (see Exhibit 1). Behind the scenes, the success, even the fundamental health of the exhibition industry, is far less clear, however. Consider these contradictions: -‐ Domestic ticket revenues grew 6 percent in 2012, but that volume ranks just...
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...Read the Case Study and answer the following questions: • What changes in the external environment put companies in the difficult position in this industry? Support your answer by conducting PESTEL and Five-Forces Analyses. • How could a company operating in this industry react to the identified challenges? • How does the structure of the industry affects profits? The Movie Exhibition Industry 2013 IT IS APT that 2012’s top-grossing film was The Avengers, because movie studios and exhibitors sought to avenge a dismal prior year at the box office. Domestic box office receipts climbed 6 percent from 2011 to a record—setting $10.8 billion in 2012.‘ Three films—The Avengers, The Dark Knight Rises, and Skyfall—grossed more than $1 billion each in global ticket sales (see Exhibit 1). Behind the scenes, the success, even the fundamental health of the exhibition industry, is far less clear, however. Consider these contradictions: - Domestic ticket revenues grew 6 percent in 2012, but that volume ranks just 13th since 1980. The 1.364 billion tickets sold is down 13 percent from the most recent high in 2002 of 1.575 billion (see Exhibit 2). 2012‘s record revenues resulted from ticket price increases, not more attendees. At $7.94, the average ticket price has risen 24 percent since 2005. But over the long term, prices keep pace with inflation, raising questions about the creation of differentiated value (see Exhibit 3). - The long-term per-capita trend is negative. In 2012...
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...It has been the goal of studios and filmmakers to put buts in seats at cinemas all over the world. Over the decades new technologies have added more interest to viewers in the ultimate goal to have the best experience watching a film. In society the cinema was used as a catalyst to forget about what’s going on in daily lives of viewers and take the audience to another world or another time. It was the perfect getaway from troubles of the real world. The Beginning: The first developed film technology was the Kinetoscope projector. Inventor Thomas Edison developed the Kinetoscope. The Cinematograph developed by the Lumiere Brothers was an advancement on its predecessor the Kinetoscope. The Lumiere Brothers would send camera men all over to film various things done by people and they would show the film with their Cinematograph to an audience and from there the cinema was born. Around 1898 a man named George Melies used the technology given and established vast sets and camera tricks as a way to make films even more unique and special. Melies’ films would take the viewer to the moon or on an adventure across the seven seas. People would come to see his films because it was something different. Up to that point films were only a minute or two long but with the success of Melies longer films other producers began making longer films as well. The Birth of the Cinema Theater: At this time film exhibition was more of a novelty where it would be shown for a limited time or there...
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...External Environment Analysis The motion picture industry value chain consists of three stages: studio production, distribution, and---the primary focus here---exhibition. When analyzing the external environment of the movie exhibition industry, we will look at the competitiveness of existing firms, threat of new entrants, strength of suppliers, strength of buyers, and threat of substitute products or services. Competitors Four companies dominate the industry: Regal, AMC, Cinemark, and Carmike. There is a great deal of competition between these four companies, but it all comes down to how far the theater is from home, convenience of parking, and proximity to restaurants. These factors play an important role on the competitiveness of movie exhibitors because there is not much differentiation between what each theater offers. The prices are relatively stable from one theater to another, generally, the same movies will be showing, and most theaters offer the same concessions and services. Theaters must find a way to differentiate themselves from their competitors with the look and quality of the theater and the quality of technology used. Threat of New Entrants There is not really a threat of new entrants in the movie exhibition industry unless a new entrant targets a niche market that has not been well served. Startup costs are very high and most new entrants cannot compete with the four major competitors that already dominate the industry. There are generally enough existing...
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...comes alive. There's nothing quite like the feeling of watching a movie on the giant silver screen. But how has the entertainment industry continued to stay profitable despite changes in technology and attendance. The demand for entertainment will always be there. Creating a unique entertainment experience as well as a pleasurable one is now the focus of many theaters. Brief History North America 1905. Gathered outside the store front there is a group of people staring inside. This was the scene for the first type of indoor exhibition known as a movie theater. For the cost of a nickel you too could enjoy the scene. Nickelodeons were the first form of movie theaters here in North America. Their popularity ranged from 1905 until 1915. During these times there were approximately 8,000 nickelodeons. As of June 1, 2013 there are 23, 152 screens in over 1,848 sites. The top four leading companies today are Regal Cinemas, Cinemark, AMC, and Carmike Cinemas making up 78% of the market out of the top 10 companies. (Cororan, 2013) To figure out how one industry could change so much in just one century we look towards Adam Smith and his invisible hand metaphor. He states that through the self-regulating behavior of the marketplace, individuals can make profit and maximize their earnings without the need for government interventions. As the technology began to advance through the 20th century the demand for a better product was heard. As the nickelodeons grew larger crowds shop owners...
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...History Main article: History of film A clip from the Charlie Chaplin silent film The Bond (1918) Preceding film in origin by thousands of years, early plays and dances had elements common to film: scripts, sets, costumes, production, direction, actors, audiences, storyboards, and scores. Much terminology later used in film theory and criticism apply, such as mise en scene (roughly, the entire visual picture at any one time). Owing to an absence of technology for doing so, moving visual and aural images were not recorded for replaying as in film. In the 1860s, mechanisms for producing two-dimensional drawings in motion were demonstrated with devices such as the zoetrope, mutoscope and praxinoscope. These machines were outgrowths of simple optical devices (such as magic lanterns) and would display sequences of still pictures at sufficient speed for the images on the pictures to appear to be moving, a phenomenon called persistence of vision. Naturally the images needed to be carefully designed to achieve the desired effect, and the underlying principle became the basis for the development of film animation. With the development of celluloid film for still photography, it became possible to directly capture objects in motion in real time. An 1878 experiment by English photographer Eadweard Muybridge in the United States using 24 cameras produced a series of stereoscopic images of a galloping horse, is arguably the first "motion picture", though it was not called by this name...
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...Resources |Listening |Reading |Class Reading |Writing |Final test 1 |Final test 2 | |Ex 1-2 Barrons |Test 1: |RP1 T1T3 (cam5) |task1 |Camb 6 test 1 |From old handbook | |numbers/letters |Cambr 7 test 1 |RP2 T1T2 (cam5) |macmillan (macarter) |Reading: | | |Ex.3 Camb 7 Section 1 |Test 2: |RP3 T4T1 (cam5) |task 2 |Camb 7 test 2 | | |Ex 4. Emotions Barrons |Cambr 7 test 4 |RP4 Mozart (macmillan) |Kaplan (celeb) |Writing | | |Ex. 4 |Test 3 |RP5 T4T3 (cam5) |simon |Chicken consumption | | |-camb 7 test 4 sect3 |Plus 2 (old) |RP6 T2T1 (cam6) |dcielts |(camb 7 test 2) | | |-sect 3 from previous |Test 4: | |Sample essays |Media essay | | |final test1 |Plus 2 (old) | |1 celebrities |(vocabulary for | | |Ex “time” “frequency” |Test 5: | |2 TV |ielts unit 19) | | |from barrons |Plus 2 (old) ...
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...(c) Bedford/St. Martin's bedfordstmartins.com 1-457-62096-0 / 978-1-457-62096-6 SOUNDS AND IMAGES Movies and the Impact of Images 187 Early Technology and the Evolution of Movies 192 The Rise of the Hollywood Studio System 195 The Studio System’s Golden Age 205 The Transformation of the Studio System 209 The Economics of the Movie Business 215 Popular Movies and Democracy In every generation, a film is made that changes the movie industry. In 1941, that film was Orson Welles’s Citizen Kane. Welles produced, directed, wrote, and starred in the movie at age twenty-five, playing a newspaper magnate from a young man to old age. While the movie was not a commercial success initially (powerful newspaper publisher William Randolph Hearst, whose life was the inspiration for the movie, tried to suppress it), it was critically praised for its acting, story, and directing. Citizen Kane’s dramatic camera angles, striking film noir–style lighting, nonlinear storytelling, montages, and long deep-focus shots were considered technically innovative for the era. Over time, Citizen Kane became revered as a masterpiece, and in 1997 the American Film Institute named it the Greatest American Movie of All Time. “Citizen Kane is more than a great movie; it is a gathering of all the lessons of the emerging era of sound,” film critic Roger Ebert wrote.1 CHAPTER 6 ○ MOVIES 185 (c) Bedford/St. Martin's bedfordstmartins.com 1-457-62096-0 / 978-1-457-62096-6 MOVIES A generation later...
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...P's of Marketing in general 4 2. The Marketing Mix 4 2.1. Product Decisions 5 2.1.1. The Product Life Cycle (PLC) 6 2.1.1.1. Introduction 7 2.1.1.2. Growth 7 2.1.1.3. Maturity 7 2.1.1.4. Decline 7 2.1.2. Problems with Product Life Cycle 7 2.1.3. The Customer Life Cycle (CLC) 8 2.2. Price Decisions 8 2.2.1. Pricing Strategies 9 2.2.1.1. Premium Pricing 9 2.2.1.2. Penetration Pricing 9 2.2.1.3. Economy Pricing 9 2.2.1.3. Price Skimming 10 2.2.1.4. Psychological Pricing 10 2.2.1.5. Product Line Pricing 10 2.2.1.6. Optional Product Pricing 10 2.2.1.7. Captive Product Pricing 10 2.2.1.8. Product Bundle Pricing 10 2.2.1.9. Promotional Pricing 11 2.2.1.0. Geographical Pricing 11 2.2.1.1. Value Pricing 11 2.3. Place (Distribution) Decisions 11 2.3.1. Six basic 'channel' decisions 12 2.3.2. Selection Consideration - how do we decide upon a distributor 12 2.3.3. Types of Channel Intermediaries 13 2.4. Promotion Decisions 13 2.4.1. The Promotions Mix 14 2.4.1.1. Personal Selling 14 2.4.1.2. Sales Promotion 14 2.4.1.3. Public Relations (PR) 15 2.4.1.4. Direct Mail 15 2.4.1.5. Trade Fairs and Exhibitions 15 2.4.1.6. Advertising 15 2.4.1.7. Sponsorship 16 3. CONCLUSION 17 4. LIST OF PICTURES 18 5. LIST OF RESOURCES 18 1. THE 4 P OF MARKETING...
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...QUESTION 6 Do you think McDonald's successfully followed the marketing process to establish its brand? Provide practical examples to motive your answer. What is a market process? 1. Locating and defining issues or problems. * Nature and boundaries of the situation. * Questions relating to the market strategy or implementation. * Defining issues or problems by taking account the purpose of study. * Relevant background information. * What information is needed? * How the information will be used in decision making. Issues and problems at McDonalds 5 May 2015 in CNBC News McDonalds can’t shake its image, McDonald has a problem of fast food (all that’s good is bad) Alan Siegel CEO of brands says the fast food behemoth has been reactive instead of proactive Mc Donald admits that tackling issues it faces is not moving faster turnaround time. McDonald changed Big Mac to McLean. 2. Statement of research objections * Creating a research plan in solving issues and problems identified * Framework or blueprint for conducting market research project * Details and procedures necessary for obtaining the required information * Purpose to design a study that will test the hypotheses of interest * Answer to possible questions to the research * Provide needed information for decision making As mentioned above McDonald is tackling the issues. 3. Designing...
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