...he problem with Compaq is that they developed too much IT architecture using financial advisory, where R&D and openness keys to development and the culture, while ignoring the environment. Open communication and trust was barricaded and destroyed by ASK (financial IS). The workers were being motivated by fear, much like Geneen in Morgan’s Images Of Organization. From an IT architecture standpoint, numbers based on the finance division depicted the entire company, even the organizational structure. The organizational structure did not align with the IT architecture, and the culture did not align with it either. Morgan stated, “The division of labor characteristic of industrial societies creates a problem of integration, or what may be more accurately described as a problem of integration, or what may be more accurately described as a problem of “cultural management.”” Compaq started as a functional structure, changed into a divisional fairly soon and then back to functional. Culture was strongly emphasized over anything else. CASH stated, “The process encompassed a whole range of ideas, including (1) the rule of inclusion, (2) teamwork, (3) “working the issue,” and (4) consensus building.” The IS system at Compaq did allow the free-flow of information through email named “B-mail.” ASK was used for financial services so that the company could easily track orders, and know where it stood financially. The culture felt monitored by ASK operators since it “becomes responsible for...
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...Managerial Economics Koç University Graduate School of Business MGEC 501 Levent Koçkesen The Aluminum Industry in 1994 • Aluminum smelting is a perfectly competitive industry: 157 smelters worldwide in 1993 • Traded at London Metal Exchange (LME) • Price in 1988 over $2,500 per ton • Price at beginning of 1994 about $1,100 per ton • Mainly due to the collapse of the Soviet Union and the resulting flood of aluminum into the world markets by the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 1 Annual Average Primary Aluminum Price (Dollars per metric ton) 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 • • • • 1971-74: price controls. 1973-75: OPEC oil embargo and increase in oil prices 1986-88: Supply shortages 1991: Soviet Union Collapse Alusaf’s Hillside Project • At the beginning of 1994, Alusaf was considering to build the world’s largest smelter (466,000 tpy) at Richard’s Bay in South Africa • A feasibility study was done two years before, but since then the Russian flood had occurred. • Capital cost was projected to be $1.6 billion • Aluminum prices at about $1,110 • Alusaf had long-term contracts that ensured perton alumina and power costs at 41% of aluminum price • Should Alusaf go ahead with the project? How can we use supply-demand analysis to understand price dynamics? How does this help in entry decisions? 2 Smelting Process • • • • • Smelting is the process of extracting aluminum metal from aluminum oxide (alumina)...
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...Annals of Internal Medicine Clinical Guidelines Screening Mammography in Women 40 to 49 Years of Age: A Systematic Review for the American College of Physicians Katrina Armstrong, MD, MSCE; Elizabeth Moye, BA; Sankey Williams, MD; Jesse A. Berlin, ScD; and Eileen E. Reynolds, MD Background: The risks and benefits of mammography screening among women 40 to 49 years of age remain an important issue for clinical practice. Purpose: To evaluate the evidence about the risks and benefits of mammography screening for women 40 to 49 years of age. Data Sources: English-language publications in MEDLINE (1966 – 2005), Pre-MEDLINE, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and references of selected studies through May 2005. Study Selection: Previous systematic reviews; randomized, controlled trials; and observational studies. Data Extraction: Two independent reviewers. Data Synthesis: In addition to publications from the original mammography trials, 117 studies were included in the review. Metaanalyses of randomized, controlled trials demonstrate a 7% to 23% reduction in breast cancer mortality rates with screening mammography in women 40 to 49 years of age. Screening mammography is associated with an increased risk for mastectomy but a decreased risk for adjuvant chemotherapy and hormone therapy. The risk for death due to breast cancer from the radiation exposure involved in mammography screening is small and is outweighed by a reduction in breast cancer mortality...
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...Managerial Economics Koç University Graduate School of Business MGEC 501 Levent Koçkesen The Aluminum Industry in 1994 • Aluminum smelting is a perfectly competitive industry: 157 smelters worldwide in 1993 • Traded at London Metal Exchange (LME) • Price in 1988 over $2,500 per ton • Price at beginning of 1994 about $1,100 per ton • Mainly due to the collapse of the Soviet Union and the resulting flood of aluminum into the world markets by the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 1 Annual Average Primary Aluminum Price (Dollars per metric ton) 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 • • • • 1971-74: price controls. 1973-75: OPEC oil embargo and increase in oil prices 1986-88: Supply shortages 1991: Soviet Union Collapse Alusaf’s Hillside Project • At the beginning of 1994, Alusaf was considering to build the world’s largest smelter (466,000 tpy) at Richard’s Bay in South Africa • A feasibility study was done two years before, but since then the Russian flood had occurred. • Capital cost was projected to be $1.6 billion • Aluminum prices at about $1,110 • Alusaf had long-term contracts that ensured perton alumina and power costs at 41% of aluminum price • Should Alusaf go ahead with the project? How can we use supply-demand analysis to understand price dynamics? How does this help in entry decisions? 2 Smelting Process • • • • • Smelting is the process of extracting aluminum metal from aluminum oxide (alumina) through electrolytic reduction...
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...PASSAIC COUNTY COMMUNITY COLLEGE APPROVED SCHEDULE OF TUITION AND FEES FOR FY 2012-2013 2011-2012 TUITION All Students (with the exception of online and dual enrollment students noted below) NJ Residents/Per Credit Out-of-State Residents/Per Credit ONLINE TUITION Students Taking Online Classes - NJ Residents/Per Credit Out-of-State Residents/Per Credit ONLINE FEES (Per Student, Per Semester) All online courses (OL section code) taken by PCCC students*** *** This fee is charged only once, regardless of the number of online course taken per semester. DUAL ENROLLMENT/HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS All PCCC courses offered at high schools when taught by high school teachers^^ ^^This fee is per course without additional fees charged. GENERAL FEES (Charged Per Credit)^ General College/Per Credit (All Students) Student Activity/Per Credit Athletic Activity Fee/Per Credit Technology Fee/Per Credit (All Students) ^ Online credit will be charged the General College fee per credit as well as a Technology Fee per credit. Online courses do not have associated Student Activity or Athletic Activity Fees. REGISTRATION, BURSAR & OTHER FEES Immunization Fees Measles, Mumps & Rubella (MMR) (per dose) Hepatitis B (per dose) Transcript (Overnight mail only) Diploma Replacement Non-Credit Certificate Replacement Fee Late Registration Non-Attendance Fee (per course) Credit by Examination (per course) Credit by Examination (NU 101) Payment Plan Set-up Fee Late Payment Fee Bad Check ID Card Replacement Paterson...
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...easily be 0, at least based on this sample of years. For a year in which total revenues are $18 billion, the equation would estimate net income as $2.009 billion. The Minitab printout is shown below. Regression Analysis: NetIncome versus TotRev The regression equation is NetIncome = 0.21 + 0.0999 TotRev Predictor Coef SE Coef T P Constant 0.211 1.041 0.20 0.846 TotRev 0.09990 0.06475 1.54 0.174 S = 0.482407 R-Sq = 28.4% R-Sq(adj) = 16.5% Analysis of Variance Source DF SS MS F P Regression 1 0.5539 0.5539 2.38 0.174 Residual Error 6 1.3963 0.2327 Total 7 1.9502 Predicted Values for New Observations New Obs Fit SE Fit 95% CI 95% PI 1 2.009 0.220...
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...subjects of different age-groups there were 4143 men aged 20-60 years who were evaluated for demographic variables, smoking/tobacco use and middle and internal ear diseases. Descriptive statistics and age adjusted logistic regression analyses were performed. Results: Among the 4143 men, 1739 (42.0%) were smokers or used tobacco. In smokers/tobacco users compared to non-users the age adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for chronic suppurative otitis media were 1.13 (CI 0.96-1.34), acute otitis media 1.16 (CI 0.82-1.64), suppurative otitis media 1.21 (CI 0.79-1.84), otosclerosis 0.97 (CI 0.52-1.33) (p > 0.05) and for overall middle ear diseases was 1.15 (CI 0.99-1.33, p = 0.05). For internal ear diseases the age adjusted odds ratios were for sensorineural hearing loss 1.12 (CI 0.92-1.58), 0.12 (CI 0.42-0.93) for vertigo and tinnitus and overall internal ear diseases were 0.97 (CI 0.77-1.22, p = 0.81). Among men 40-60 years there was a significantly greater risk for both middle ear (OR 1.73, CI 1.29-2.30) and internal ear diseases (OR 1.94, CI 1.24-3.04) (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Smoking/tobacco use is significantly associated with greater prevalence of middle and internal ear diseases among middle-aged men in...
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...Cody Hearing CIS 146 Mr. Miller 11-19-14 College athletes should be paid In today’s world many up roaring arguments light a fire in society as a whole. One of these arguments is whether college athletes should be paid or should not be paid to play the sport they love. Time and time again this argument turns into a national heated debate. Many agree that college athletes have been given enough to go to school for free, but there are also many that believe that college athletes should receive much more. College athletes should be paid for their effort, time, and passion they put into the sport they love on a daily basis to provide entertainment for the general public. When becoming a college athlete one realizes the effort they will have to...
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...Community and International Nutrition Low Preconception Body Mass Index Is Associated with Birth Outcome in a Prospective Cohort of Chinese Women1 Alayne G. Ronnenberg,2 Xiaobin Wang,* Houxun Xing,† Chanzhong Chen, Dafang Chen,†** Wenwei Guang,† Aiqun Guang,† Lihua Wang,** Louise Ryan‡ and Xiping Xu Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA; *Department of Pediatrics, Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA; †Institute for Biomedicine, Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China; **Center for Ecogenetics and Reproductive Health, Beijing Medical University, Beijing, China; ‡Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA KEY WORDS: ● birthweight ● body mass index ● intrauterine growth restriction ● China Although vast improvement has been made in the survival of low birthweight (LBW3 Ͻ 2500 g) and preterm (Ͻ37 completed weeks of gestation) infants, these outcomes remain associated with virtually all causes of neonatal and postneonatal death (1–3). LBW and preterm birth are also associated with infant and childhood morbidity, including asthma (4) and neurodevelopmental delays (3,5). Recent evidence suggests that preterm birth and LBW are also linked to adverse health in adulthood (6), including insulin resistance (7), hypertension (8) and coronary heart disease (9). The potentially serious health consequences of these birth outcomes underscore the public health...
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...Cardiovascular Morbidity and Mortality in Surgically Treated Hyperthyroidism A Nation-wide Cohort Study With a Long-term Follow-up Essi Ryödi, Jorma Salmi, Pia Jaatinen, Heini Huhtala, Rauni Saaristo, Matti Välimäki, Anssi Auvinen, Saara Metso Clin Endocrinol. 2014;80(5):743-750. Abstract and Introduction Abstract Objective Previous studies suggest that patients with hyperthyroidism remain at an increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity even after restoring euthyroidism. The mechanisms of the increased risk and its dependency on the different treatment modalities of hyperthyroidism remain unclear. The aim of this long-term follow-up study was to compare the rate of hospitalizations for cardiovascular causes and the mortality in hyperthyroid patients treated surgically with an ageand gender-matched reference population. Patients and Measurements A population-based cohort study was conducted among 4334 hyperthyroid patients (median age 46 years) treated with thyroidectomy in 1986–2007 in Finland and among 12 991 reference subjects. Firstly, the hospitalizations due to cardiovascular diseases (CVD) were analysed until thyroidectomy. Secondly, the hazard ratios for any new hospitalization due to CVDs after the thyroidectomy were calculated in Cox regression analysis adjusted with the prevalent CVDs at the time of thyroidectomy. Results The risk of hospitalization due to all CVDs started to increase already 5 years before the thyroidectomy, and by the time of the operation...
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...Annals of Internal Medicine Clinical Guidelines Screening Mammography for Women 40 to 49 Years of Age: A Clinical Practice Guideline from the American College of Physicians Amir Qaseem, MD, PhD, MHA; Vincenza Snow, MD; Katherine Sherif, MD; Mark Aronson, MD; Kevin B. Weiss, MD, MPH; and Douglas K. Owens, MD, MS, for the Clinical Efficacy Assessment Subcommittee of the American College of Physicians* Breast cancer is one of the most common causes of death for women in their 40s in the United States. Individualized risk assessment plays an important role when making decisions about screening mammography, especially for women 49 years of age or younger. The purpose of this guideline is to present the available evidence for screening mammography in women 40 to 49 years of age and to increase clinicians’ understanding of the benefits and risks of screening mammography. Ann Intern Med. 2007;146:511-515. For author affiliations, see end of text. www.annals.org RECOMMENDATIONS Recommendation 1: In women 40 to 49 years of age, clinicians should periodically perform individualized assessment of risk for breast cancer to help guide decisions about screening mammography. A careful assessment of a woman’s risk for breast cancer is important. The 5-year breast cancer risk can vary from 0.4% for a woman age 40 years with no risk factors to 6.0% for a woman age 49 years with several risk factors (1). Factors that increase the risk for breast cancer include older age, family...
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...Psychoeducation for schizophrenia (Review) Xia J, Merinder LB, Belgamwar MR This is a reprint of a Cochrane review, prepared and maintained by The Cochrane Collaboration and published in The Cochrane Library 2013, Issue 1 http://www.thecochranelibrary.com Psychoeducation for schizophrenia (Review) Copyright © 2013 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. TABLE OF CONTENTS HEADER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ABSTRACT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PLAIN LANGUAGE SUMMARY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SUMMARY OF FINDINGS FOR THE MAIN COMPARISON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . BACKGROUND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . OBJECTIVES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . METHODS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RESULTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . DISCUSSION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AUTHORS’ CONCLUSIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . REFERENCES...
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...Annals of Internal Medicine Clinical Guidelines Screening Mammography for Women 40 to 49 Years of Age: A Clinical Practice Guideline from the American College of Physicians Amir Qaseem, MD, PhD, MHA; Vincenza Snow, MD; Katherine Sherif, MD; Mark Aronson, MD; Kevin B. Weiss, MD, MPH; and Douglas K. Owens, MD, MS, for the Clinical Efficacy Assessment Subcommittee of the American College of Physicians* Breast cancer is one of the most common causes of death for women in their 40s in the United States. Individualized risk assessment plays an important role when making decisions about screening mammography, especially for women 49 years of age or younger. The purpose of this guideline is to present the available evidence for screening mammography in women 40 to 49 years of age and to increase clinicians’ understanding of the benefits and risks of screening mammography. Ann Intern Med. 2007;146:511-515. For author affiliations, see end of text. www.annals.org RECOMMENDATIONS Recommendation 1: In women 40 to 49 years of age, clinicians should periodically perform individualized assessment of risk for breast cancer to help guide decisions about screening mammography. A careful assessment of a woman’s risk for breast cancer is important. The 5-year breast cancer risk can vary from 0.4% for a woman age 40 years with no risk factors to 6.0% for a woman age 49 years with several risk factors (1). Factors that increase the risk for breast cancer include older age, family...
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...Definition Heart failure occurs when abnormal cardiac function causes failure of the heart to pump blood at a rate sufficient for metabolic requirements under normal filling pressure. It is characterised clinically by breathlessness, effort intolerance, fluid retention, and poor survival. Fluid retention and the congestion related to this can often be relieved with diuretic therapy. However, diuretic therapy should generally not be used alone and, if required, should be combined with the pharmacological therapies outlined in this review. Heart failure can be caused by systolic or diastolic dysfunction, and is associated with neurohormonal changes. [1] Left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD) is defined as a left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) below 0.40. It may be symptomatic or asymptomatic. Defining and diagnosing diastolic heart failure can be difficult. Recently proposed criteria include: (1) clinical evidence of heart failure; (2) normal or mildly abnormal left ventricular systolic function; (3) evidence of abnormal left ventricular relaxation, filling, diastolic distensibility, or diastolic stiffness; and (4) evidence of elevated N-terminal-probrain natriuretic peptide. [2] However, assessment of some of these criteria is not standardised Top of Form Search the BMJ[pic][pic] Bottom of Form • BMJ • BMJ Journals • BMJ Careers • BMJ Learning • Evidence Centre • BMJ Group [pic] [pic] [pic] [pic] [pic] [pic] Home | Log in | Athens...
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...Chapter Nine: Multicriteria Decision Making PROBLEM SUMMARY 1. Model formulation, product mix 2. Model formulation, transportation, computer solution 3. Model formulation, urban recreation facility allocation 4. Model formulation, crop determination, computer solution 5. Model formulation, product mix, computer solution 6. Model formulation, OSHA safety compliance, computer solution 7. Computer solution; graphical solution 8. Computer solution; graphical solution 9. Computer solution 10. Model formulation, computer solution 11. Model formulation, product mix, computer solution 12. Model formulation, product mix, computer solution 13. Model formulation, clinic personnel selection, computer solution 14. Model formulation, production scheduling, computer solution, sensitivity analysis 15. Model formulation, employee scheduling, computer solution 16. Model formulation, R&D project selection 17. AHP, company takeover 18. Pairwise comparison (9–17) 19. AHP, faculty raises 20. Pairwise comparisons (9–19) 21. AHP, mutual funds 22. AHP (9–21) 23. AHP, utility vehicles 24. AHP, anchor persons 25. AHP, hotel selection 26. AHP, college selection 27. AHP, dating service 28. AHP, R&D projects 29. AHP, student selection 30. AHP, athletic facilities 136 2. a) 31. AHP, vacation locations 32. Pairwise comparisons (9–31) 33. AHP, major options 34. AHP, basketball players 35. AHP, school facilities 36. Student’s pairwise comparisons 37. AHP, emergency rooms 38. AHP, class sections 39. Student car...
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