...After the controversial Michael Brown shooting, police officers’ interactions with non-white citizens have received national attention. Police violence has remained a prominent issue with the Ferguson and Baltimore protests causing people to either support or oppose the protest. Some people criticized the protesters for being violent while others saw them as an effective attempt to bring about change in the interactions between police departments and citizens of color. To evaluate the validity of the protesters’ actions, the issues that gave rise to the protests must be fully appreciated to understand if the protest response was justified and will be capable of promoting beneficial change. In Baltimore the focal point of the police violence was the homicide of Freddie Gray. In this case Gray, a 35 year old healthy black man, was arrested. He was then transported in a police van where he sustained injuries to his neck and spinal cord leaving him in a coma. At this point, he was taken to a trauma center where he died a week later. Initially the police officers were unable to account for the injuries or produce a consistent timeline for the arrest, transportation, and medical treatment. This angered the residents of...
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...known as “Anonymous”. Hacktivism in itself is the use of computers and computer networks to promote political ends. To see this for what it truly can be, you must look at it with the understanding that it can be carried out under the same premise that proper (and skillful) use of technology can produce results similar to these of conventional acts of protest, activism, and civil disobedience. I plan on exploring whether it is freedom of speech or cyber terrorism, keeping an open mind when conducting my research will be the key to the integrity of this paper. I plan on researching online articles and post from credible sources. I will make set times while I am not at work to research and write this. Body First we need to look at what exactly is hacktivism and who practices it. Hacktivism in itself is defined as “The use of computers and computer networks to promote political ends, chiefly free speech, human rights, and information ethics. It is carried out under the premise that proper use of technology can produce results similar to those of conventional acts of protest, activism, and civil disobedience.” Certain groups such as Anonymous use this form (among others) as their way to speak out against what they see as injustice. We need to look closely, past the top layer of information, to get to the honest truth about the situation. Is this right or wrong? Is actually making an effect (wither that would be a positive or negative one)? So just who is Anonymous? During...
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...life (Schaefer, 2012). These laws led to the development of what was known as "slave codes." Schaefer (pg. 177) defines slave codes as "laws that defined the low position held by slaves in the United States." According to Schaefer (2102), these codes were used as racial formation to solidify the African Americans as an inferior race. Slavery was eventually abolished after the Civil War but this abolition did not increase the standing of the Black Community. Schaefer (pg. 177) theorizes that slavery set the foundation for the problems with racial equality that we face today. After the Civil War, the African American community did not become the equal American citizens they imagined they would become. Segregation became common practice after the Reconstruction period that followed the Civil War (www.ourdocuments.gov, n.d.). This segregation included schools, restaurants, and quite infamously, public transportation. Public transportation was segregated in such a way that black and white people had separate seating areas on busses and trains were segregated by car. The landmark case of Plessy vs. Ferguson upheld a "separate but equal" statute in...
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...Ethical Scrapbook Part 1 Johnathan Hendricks CJS/211 October 19th, 2015 Leesa A. McNeil Ethical Scrapbook Part 1 Good Samaritan Acts- Oprah Winfrey The bulk of Winfrey’s giving has gone to educational causes, including charter schools, programs that support African-American students, and the Oprah Winfrey Leadership Academy in South Africa. According to Forbes, Winfrey had given away approximately $400 million to educational causes by 2012, including nearly 400 scholarships to Morehouse College, and more than $40 million in operating support for the Oprah Winfrey Leadership Academy in South Africa. She’s also given at least $10 million to A Better Chance. Its mission is to improve access to quality education for students of color, and has given $1 million or more to at least nine different charter school organizations in a number of different areas throughout the country (insidephilanthropy.com, 2015). Princess Diana Diana’s interests were reflected in the organizations of which she was Patron or President. These included the Great Ormond Street Hospital for Sick Children in London and the Royal Marsden Hospital, which specializes in the treatment of cancer. Her patronages also included Centrepoint, an organization working with the homeless, The National Aids Trust and The Leprosy Mission. The Princess's love of the arts was underlined by her involvement as Patron of the English National Ballet. During her lifetime she was at some time patron...
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...turbulent forces of segregation and the civil rights movements working to eliminate it. During that time, two opposing narratives entered the scene, illustrating both sides perspectives and ideologies. The Southern Manifesto of 1956 was a letter signed by ninety-six southern members of the Senate and House of Representatives to renounce the Supreme Court decision on desegregating education and schools. The other narrative represented by Reverend William H. Borders' confrontation of segregation in 1957 decided on a non-violence strategy to fight segregation after the Montgomery Bus Boycott in Alabama. Both the Southern Manifesto of 1956 and Reverend William H. Borders' confrontation...
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...scrapbook are in the following categories: Good Samaritan conduct or random acts of kindness Acts of vigilantism-violating the law to enforce the law Acts of civil disobedience-violating the law to change the law Criminal acts committed by professionals in the course of their employment Questions The following will be answered about the examples: Do you think the individual made the best decision possible given the circumstances? Could you see yourself acting similarly in similar circumstances? Example 1 the victim had her car stolen and she proceeded to give chase and grab bystander’s attention, she made the best decision possible however I don’t think this was very safe looking backwards but I probably would have done the same thing. Example 2 was a random act of kindness I do believe this was the thing to do and would like to think that I would be so kindhearted to react the same way and pay the blind man without any regards for heroism. The third example in this set is also random act of kindness and good Samaritans. The community worked together after a collision involving a mother and daughter. The people pulled her from the vehicle and waited with the child in the cool building until rescue was complete. The next set of three examples are “Acts of vigilantism”, it is the case of Trayvon Martin. George Zimmerman was a self-proclaimed vigilante protecting the neighborhood. Mr. Zimmerman did not act in the best interest of the neighborhood he...
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...that the state is immoral or unjust, it is his or her duty to persuade the state to act differently. Henry David Thoreau was a philosopher and a transcendentalist in the mid 1800s. He is well known for his essay, “Civil Disobedience,” which he wrote in response to his one-day prison sentence for committing tax evasion. “Civil Disobedience” covers Thoreau’s definition of the social contract. Thoreau claims it is necessary for one to violate the social contract if complying with it defies his or her own moral codes. The social contract can be seen throughout government systems today. The United States government provides for its citizens; examples include equal treatment, free education, and public safety. In return, its citizens must sacrifice some of their freedoms. They must, for example, pay taxes and follow laws, regardless of whether or not they agree with them. However, at times it may be necessary to follow Thoreau’s beliefs and defy the state’s laws if one feels that they are violating their own moral principles. Socrates' interpretation of the social contract can prove to be less advantageous in practice. Thoreau’s method of civil disobedience is the better of the two versions. Body Section 1 (Support of Claim) Henry David Thoreau wrote “Civil Disobedience” in response to his evasion of his delinquent poll taxes. He refused to pay because he felt it was unjust to fund the Mexican-American war. In doing so, he broke the social contract and stood with his own moral codes...
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...The African American Civil Rights Movement was a monumental human rights campaign that sought to secure black Americans’ rights as citizens and end racial segregation and discrimination. There is debate among scholars over the time frame of the movement; the popular belief is the “Montgomery to Memphis” period of Martin Luther King Jr., but some historians have traced the movement past the Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka Supreme Court case, and into the Great Depression Era (Fairclough 387). The movement was generally successful in achieving its goals of legal recognition, as evident in the passage of the landmark Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965, but racism and inequality remains persistent in today’s society....
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...Crime load and head of Mafia member Vito Rizzuto did not make the best possible choices in his decisions. Once Rizzuto was to be released from prison in October 2012, he will revenge the death of his family members that were killed while he was in prison. The Mafia family that killed his father, son, and other family members will be killed after he is released from prison for the murders of his family. Given the circumstances the mafia crime load Rizzuto should let law enforcement do their jobs but some have higher people on their payroll and the law will not touch some of them, so the death of Rizzuto family’s means the death of that mafia family. I do not see myself acting similar in similar circumstances. I would rather the law handle the situation instead of me murdering someone and risk going to prison for taking another person life. The thief that was stripped and tied to a lamppost with cling wrap film by a mob of vigilantism. The thief was attempting to rob a pensioner with a knife at his throat and was disarmed by the mob, he was stripped of his clothes, and wrapped in plastic wrap and then cling wrapped to a pole until the police arrived. I believe the mob made a good decision given the circumstances because had the mob not stopped the thief the situation could had result in the pensioner getting badly hurt. To find myself in a similar situation where a mob got together to help someone I may find myself acting on impulse to help that individual...
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...the color of your skin? The Civil Rights Movement refers to the political, social and economical struggle of African Americans to gain full citizenship and racial equality. The movement held many nonviolent protest against racial segregation and discrimination in America especially in the South during the 1950s and 60s. Although African Americans began to fight for equal rights during the days of slavery, the quest for equality is still going on today. Every since the European settlement whites enslaved and oppressed people of color. When the slaves were freed by the 13th amendment that abolished...
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...Supreme Court is the highest federal court in the US, consisting of nine justices and taking judicial precedence over all other courts in the nation. Established in 1789 and authorized by the United States Constitution, the members of the Supreme Court are allowed to decide whether or not a Legislative or Executive act is in violation of the US Constitution. Throughout the history of America, the members of the Supreme Court have decided upon many cases that have impacted America and shaped it into the country that it is to this day. While Supreme Court cases have without a doubt impacted America as a whole, when it comes to seeing the African American part of American history, the impact that these cases have had becomes bigger. Within...
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...During this essay I will be explaining and discussing the short and long term significance of all the events take took place between 1957-1959. In the America at this time it was very hard being coloured as you was treated different from the white people. The National Association for the advancement of coloured people (NAACP). They were a black group that demanded civil rights for black people. Its mission is to ensure the political, educational, social, and economic equality of rights of all persons and to eliminate racial hatred and racial discrimination; To promote equality of rights and to eradicate caste or race prejudice among the citizens of the United States; to advance the interest of coloured citizens; to secure for them impartial suffrage; and to increase their opportunities for securing justice in the courts, education for the children, employment according to their ability and complete equality before law. Racial segregation is separation of humans into racial groups in daily life. It may apply to activities such as eating in a restaurant, drinking from a water fountain, using a public toilet, attending school, and going to the movies, or in the rental or purchase of a home. The black American people was segregated and this was mostly because they felt that black people was more inferior to the white people. The Ku Klux Klan (KKK) was a racist anti-Semitic movement; at first the Ku Klux Klan focused its anger and violence on African-Americans, on white Americans...
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...police all across the nation. Non-violent movements such as Occupy America have members who are involved in civil disobedience. And sometimes crimes take place within the movement. Violent protests put the lives of the police and the protestors at risk. Controversy surrounds the methods used to enforce peace during protests which has lead to the use of non-lethal methods for containment (Cole & Gertz, 2013, p. 106). Such methods were used in the recent protest in Ferguson, Missouri after police shot and killed Michael Brown. Riots and looting followed a grand jury decision not to indict the police officer involved. Police responded with smoke and tear gas, arresting dozens of offenders in one night (“Ferguson Riots”, 2014). Police executives are faced with many other complex challenges that include constricting budgets, race relations, organized crime and cyber crimes (Nadis, 2011). A new “police visibility” is especially challenging as images of police misconduct is captured by cell phones and shared with the media as well as posted on social media sites such as Facebook and Twitter (Goldsmith, 2010). This kind of exposure can potentially harm the image of local police and cause the police department to be held responsible for the misconduct of individual officers. It is not just the community members that are using new media technologies to reveal police activities. Cases in England have documented instances of police officers using personal blogs to post inside information such...
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...The American Civil War, simply know as the Civil War throughout the United States was fought from 1861 to 1865. It was a fight between the north and the south, formally referred to as the Confederacy and the Union. The origin of the war revolved around the pressing issue of slavery, especially the expansion of slavery into the western territories. In 1865, after four years of bloodshed that left over 600,000 Confederate and Union soldiers dead, the Confederacy collapsed and much of the south’s infrastructure had been destroyed. The Civil War had come to an end. Slavery was abolished and the difficult process of restoring national unity and guaranteeing civil rights to the freed slaves began. This period is noted in history as the Reconstruction Era. Working towards a progressive tomorrow, the American Civil War marked the start of a dramatic shift in America’s thinking. At the start of the Reconstruction Era (post Civil War), the South was left torn apart. Roads and houses needed to be rebuilt and the people needed assistance. From 1863 to 1865, presidents Andrew Johnson and Abraham Lincoln took adequate steps designed solely for the purpose of bringing the South back to a level of economic stability. Radical Republicans consisted of American politicians within the Republican Party. They supported the rights of African Americans to vote, hold political office, and have the same economic and legal freedoms and opportunities as the whites. During the whole of the Reconstruction...
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...Supreme Court, on May 18, 1896, by a seven-to-one majority (one justice did not participate), advanced the controversial “separate but equal” doctrine for assessing the constitutionality of racial segregation laws. Plessy v. Ferguson was the first major inquiry into the meaning of the Fourteenth Amendment’s (1868) equal-protection clause, which prohibits the states from denying “equal protection of the laws” to any person within their jurisdictions. Although the majority opinion did not contain the phrase “separate but equal,” it gave constitutional sanction to laws designed to achieve racial segregation by means of separate and supposedly equal public facilities and services for African Americans and whites. It served as...
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