...INTRODUCTION The sole purpose of this project is to examine whether children behave Differently, after they have been watching violence on television. In addition the question that is of paramount importance to this whole piece of investigative work is: • Are children more likely to imitate acts of violence or aggressive behavior because of what they have seen on television? A continuing debate between Broadcasters and Scientists is permanently ongoing and in spite of the accumulation of evidence between the links of viewing television violence and children’s behavior the debate goes on. Furthermore, media professionals would rather believe that television has no effects other than those intended, thousands of studies have pointed to casual relationships between television violence and real-life crime. In spite of numerous research studies, the perception continues that the effects of television violence are unclear, even contradictory. Moreover, blaming the media could be an easy option for some and can serve to divert attention from other causes or change going on in a child’s life, and so claims about the, “Effects of Television” could be massively exaggerated. This ongoing debate has inspired a great deal of research, one of the most well-known and publicized experiments was that of Albert Bandura’s Bobo doll studies, which are now widely regarded as early research classics in the field of psychology. I am going to...
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...and eliminating much of the political corruption which plagued the nation. An important area of reform was urban living conditions. Cities were constantly growing due to the increasing availability of jobs. This led to a need of lots of housing, quickly. It was built cheaply and most areas in the city turned into tenements and slums where crime went unpunished. Many families were crammed into the small buildings, most of which were unsanitary. Thus, disease quickly spread. However, the industrial revolution the nation experienced around the early 1900s led to improved city housing. This is because of the new technology that let richer people move farther out of the city and ride back in on the new automobiles and trolley systems. Since the wealthy moved out, a larger amount of poorer people could move in. Although there were no great reform movements due to the changing technology urbanization underwent a major reform. Another key area of reform was the Government reform. Laissez-faire capitalism overtook the nation. It allowed that private production was more successful without high taxation and the influence of a big government. This led to the domination of big businesses. However, they became too big and the Sherman Anti-Trust Act was made. It prohibited trusts, therefore limiting how large and powerful one company could become. Another product of the political reform was the Populist Party. It...
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...21st Century Public Administration in Bangladesh End of Assignment Report by the Formulation Mission on Civil Service Reform Program September 16 – October 9, 2007 Submitted by: Pan Suk Kim Judy Johnston Mobasser Monem Patrick Stoop Theodore Thomas BGD/04/002-Developing Civil Service Capacity for 21st Century Administration Contents Contents __________________________________________________________________ 2 Acronym and Abbreviations___________________________________________________ 5 1. Executive Summary: Aiming at Public Confidence and Sustained Transformation in the Civil Service ________________________________________________________ 6 1.1. 1.2. 1.3. 1.4. 1.5. 1.5.1. 1.5.2. 1.5.3. Objectives and Approaches of the Mission_________________________________ 6 Assessment___________________________________________________________ 6 Issues and Goal of a Civil Service Reform Program _________________________ 7 Overview of program components and strategies ___________________________ 9 Recommendations____________________________________________________ 10 Recommendations for immediate action ________________________________________ 10 Recommendations targeted to be implemented before the end of the first year of the civil service reform program _____________________________________________________ 11 Recommendations for a phased civil service reform process. ________________________ 12 2. Situation Analysis _____________________________________________________...
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...ensure that thousands of people work together in compatible ways by defining everyone’s roles within a hierarchy. Government bureaucrats perform a wide variety of tasks. We often think of bureaucrats as paper-pushing desk clerks, but bureaucrats fight fires, teach, and monitor how federal candidates raise money, among other activities. The job of a bureaucrat is to implement government policy, to take the laws and decisions made by elected officials and put them into practice. Some bureaucrats implement policy by writing rules and regulations, whereas others administer policies directly to people (such as distributing small business loans or treating patients at a veterans’ hospital). The task of running the government, and providing services through policy implementation, is called public administration. Referring to the textbook thus, a bureaucracy made sure every job was carefully...
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...the supreme legislative authority as well as the ultimate repository of public accountability. The Executive is organized on the basis of Ministries and within Ministries, by divisions. The system is two tiered: the Secretariat is responsible for policy, and oversight and coordination of government departments, agencies, district administration. A politically appointed Minister heads each Ministry, while a permanent civil servant is the Ministry’s administrative head and Chief Accounting Officer. . How does the administrative structure look like? -Central Admin (Secretariat and other government departments at the centre) -Divisional Admin -District Admin -Upazila Admin -Union (No. Government official) Under the close supervision of the district administration, there is a local government system composed of elected union parishads and municipal pourashavas and appointed thana and district committees. The local authorities have little capacity or authority to collect revenues and depend heavily on central government transfers. While some reform of local government aimed at putting in place a new system of elected local councils has been initiated, progress has been slow and is still incomplete. The central government is reluctant to give local authorities fully delegated control over their own finances and personnel. The consequence...
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...(1998) the civil service is the machinery that governments rely on to design, formulate and implement its policies, strategies and programmes, and to discharge all routine government functions. Good Government is usually synonymous with an efficient and effective civil service. Such a service promotes, through the political leadership, an enabling environment for the social, political and economic development of the country. Therefore, the prevailing weaknesses in the institutions and economies of the African countries, as is the case for other developing countries, are to a significant extent a reflection of the weaknesses in their civil service institutions. Therefore civil service refers to branch of government in which all officials are employed (hired) on the basis of professional merits as proven by competitive examinations or the body of employee in any government agency other than security forces especially military and police forces. Twenty years ago writing a book on Civil Service was a comparatively easy task. The service had remained largely unchanged for almost a century, acquiring new tasks and departments a rearrangement here and there but in the main historians of civil service could stand on the shoulders of their predecessors. Originality in analyzing the civil service a generation ago comes through applying a different theory to explain the largely immobile object. All that has changed, during the late 1980s and early 1990s the civil Service was rapidly...
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...about the costs of misconduct on the part of those who have been entrusted with guarding public interest and resources. These costs are losses in trust and confidence in public institutions and losses in precious resources which were meant to support the economic and social development of nations and peoples. There is a move worldwide to restore a measure of trust and integrity in public institutions and officials, to safeguard democracy and promote better governance. It could be argued that the perception of a fall in public standards is linked to the shifting role of the state, which is undergoing tremendous reform. Globalization, technological advances, spreading democratization and fiscal crises are challenging states to deal with strong external forces, be - smart - in serving its citizenry, devolve power, and divest it of obsolete activities. As a result, the public service, as an institution, is under pressure to transform itself to respond to these changes. As public servants are asked to take on new and sometimes conflicting roles, there is a need for a cost-effective structure and an encouraging culture to enforce standards and guide their behavior. Government and society cannot promote and enforce ethical behaviour solely through the utilisation of ethical codes of conduct or through the promulgation of a plethora of legislation. Communities tend to equate moral values and moral norms with values and norms, which apply only to personal relations. In Bangladesh, all government...
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...regulatory agencies, and government organizations, such as the United States Postal Service and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, also known as the FDIC. In order to gain employment in the federal bureaucratic system, there are two routes a candidate can utilize in order to gain employment. The first autocratic route is political appointment. In order to gain employment through political appointment, a candidate must be selected for top government positions by the President of the United States. The second bureaucratic route is becoming a civil servant. Civil servants make up the majority of the bureaucracy because it does not involve appointment, only passing a series of hiring processes. In order to become a civil servant, an applicant must complete an application for employment. After an application is made, an applicant must submit to a federal background check. Applicants are then chosen for civil service positions based on their experience and the status of their background check. Once an individual is part of the federal bureaucracy, promotions are based on merit. Merit based promotions replaced the spoils system for promoting employees after the Pendleton Act was passed in 1883. It gave employees the opportunity to be judged based on performance rather than social standing. The president, the congress, and the court constrain and balance the bureaucracy through bureaucratic reform. In order to balance power within the federal bureaucracy and make the federal...
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...Northeastern University | Union and civil service reform | Increasing productivity in the public sector | | Lauren Patrick | Professor Marion Mason | POLS7305 34800 Institutional Leadership SEC 01 April 22, 2011 Executive Summary The target audience is the City of Boston labor management commission and the Massachusetts legislature. The current collective bargaining agreement between the City of Boston and AFSCME and the Massachusetts Legislature, Title IV, Chapter 31 creates controlling and overly-bureaucratic policies. These policies outline employee procedures, in particular hiring, disciplining, promoting and evaluation procedures that are outdated and ineffective. Unions protect employees from unfair employment practices, yet some have hurt the overall staff morale and productivity. There is a deep and long standing perception of public employees that they are lazy and incompetent. This is far from the truth, but certain policies regarding hiring, promoting, and disciplinary actions are decreasing employee productivity. To incorporate motivational elements in the public sector and give more discretion to public managers, policies must be changed. When a manager would like to promote an employee, it is a long and drawn out process, that often after much effort is exhibited, the potential promotion falls through. Where the private sector motivates through financial incentives and promotions, the public sector has no tools to promote good...
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...0-Magnitude Earthquake Hits Sichuan set to maintain stable and - After Chavez moderate growth in 2014 - Focus on Korean Peninsula Current Issue · Table of Contents · Editor's Desk · Previous Issues · Subscribe to Mag Subscribe Now >> Expert's View (LI SHIGONG) World The Chinese Central Government has taken stricter measures to fight against corruption in recent years, especially the past year. A plan was recently submitted by the Development Research Center of the State Council that civil servants will be rewarded financially after retirement if they resist corruption and remain honest during their service. The proposal has triggered discussions among people. Supporters believe that a clean reward system would encourage a cleaner government. Successful examples of this can be found in both Singapore and Hong Kong. However, opponents of such a plan are worried that it would gradually turn into a new form of welfare for civil servants. Could this work in China? The following are excerpts of opinions: Nation...
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...REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES Public Administration Country Profile Division for Public Administration and Development Management (DPADM) Department of Economic and Social Affairs (DESA) United Nations February 2004 All papers, statistics and materials contained in the Country Profiles express entirely the opinion of the mentioned authors. They should not, unless otherwise mentioned, be attributed to the Secretariat of the United Nations. The designations employed and the presentation of material on maps in the Country Profiles do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Table of Contents Table of Contents........................................................................................... 1 Philippines .................................................................................................... 2 1. General Information ................................................................................... 3 1.1 People.................................................................................................. 3 1.2 Economy .............................................................................................. 3 1.3 Public Spending ..................................................................................... 4 ...
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...THE IMPACT OF GOVERNMENT PROCUREMENT PROCESS ON EFFECTIVE SERVICE DELIVERY IN UGANDA. A CASE STUDY OF MBALE MUNICIPAL LOCAL GOVERNMENT COUNCIL By: WANDULU KOSEA 2011-B141-10072 A REPORT SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF SCIENCE IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN ECONOMICS AND STATISTICS OF UGANDA MARTYRS UNIVERSITY MAY, 2014 DECLARATION I, Wandulu Kosea declare that the content of this dissertation is my original work and it has never been submitted to any University or institution of higher learning for any academic award. Where relevant information to the study was got from others authors’ work, it was duly acknowledged. Wandulu Kosea Signature………………… Date:………………….. APPROVAL This dissertation has been submitted with my approval as the supervisor and it is worthy to be credited as part of the necessary requirements for the award of the degree of Bachelor of Science in Economics and Statistics of Uganda Martyrs University. Supervisor: Dr. F. Mwesigye Signature………………… Date:………………………. DEDICATION This dissertation is dedicated to my parents Dinah and Dison Nakhokho, brothers, sisters and friends for their endless love, moral, spiritual, emotional and financial support that helped me to grow in my education. Special appreciation goes to my elder brother William Makuma for his unconditional guidance and financial support...
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...ROLE OF CIVIL SERVICES IN DEMOCRACY Importance/ Functions of Civil Services Civil Services is the functional body responsible for carrying on the administration under the direction and control of the elected representatives of people and in accordance with the rules and principles. As per E.N. Gladden “It is the function of Civil Services to fulfil the will of Parliament, as formulated by the Cabinet – i.e. the Cabinet works out the policies of the Government. The Civil Services see that these policies, when duly approved by the Parliament, is faithfully executed, so far as this is humanly possible. Their main job is to assist the Government in policy formulation and then implementing this very policy on ground in most efficient manner. Civil Services keep identifying new areas of societal concerns, inform the political masters and help them design the potential solutions, in form of various schemes and progs. They keep taking feedback of performance of these schemes and bring required modifications in them. It is the civil services, which is in constant touch with citizens at all levels of government – people interactions. Therefore the efficiency and attitude of civil servants will reflect upon the people’s confidence and faith in the governance system of the country. Highlighting the importance of civil services, Joseph Chamberlain (British politician) said to a group of civil servants, “You can do without us (political representatives), but I am fully convinced that we could...
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...mismanagement associated with central government. This diminishes the dominance government and private agencies would have over the wider society in developing countries. * Resistance to privatisation, by society, due to hike in prices. * Would you really get an increase in revenue if you cut out the working class? Would the middle & upper classes begin to utilize the services? * If government privatizes in any industry that is invaluable (transport board, hospital etc.) with few competitors, the rise in their prices would cause other competitors to raise their prices as well, thereby further hurting the consumers. * Before considering privatising public sector enterprises, efforts should be made to improve their performance level via managerial and efficiency reforms. In its true form, this is a rarely attempted alternative (Whitfield, 1992: 4). * Public sector reform should seek to change the structure, culture and attitude of the entire sector, brought about by implementing a vision for the sector and the overall methodology for reaching their goals. * Eg. Office of Public Sector Reform * In a functioning democracy, ‘efficiency is not worth more than the basic rights of citizens’ (Peters, 1996: 89). Privatisation could increase efficiency greatly, but at the cost...
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...Thórarinn Leifsson, HC Anderson Illustrations, 2004 A Change Apparent Can reform driven by cost make a meaningful and sustainable change? GV6503 – PUBLIC SECTOR Word Count (excluding bibliography and cover page): 2532 The Current Government proposals for reforming the public sector are driven more by the desire to cut expenditure than to genuinely reform the system. Like countless reform initiatives before, it could turn out to be a case of the Emperor’s New Clothes disguising the fact that underneath, all of the old problems and weaknesses remain. Introduction The contributing reasons for Ireland’s financial crisis are many and complex but the fact is Ireland found itself with insufficient operating funds towards the end of 2010 and entered a ‘Bailout’ programme with a troika of the International Monetary Fund, the European Central Bank and the European Commission. The purpose of the Programme was twofold; first, and many would argue very much foremost, to re-capitalise and restructure the banking sector. Second, €50 billion of the Programme’s total €85 billion loan was to cover “Safeguarding Public Finances” (Department of Finance Ireland, 2010). In return for the €85 billion facility the Troika demanded austerity measures and reforms that would ensure a sustainable economy within the European Growth and Stability fiscal guidelines by 2015 (and later extended to 2016). The achieve the 3% spending deficit required under these guidelines, the Irish government was...
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