...Civil War Photography Photography in the Civil War was very important. Photography was very important because it showed what happened on the battlefield and what the soldiers looked like, photography was a new invention and different types of photography were invented during the Civil War, and finally, photographers became well known and more famous. One reason that photography was important in the war was that it showed what happened on the battlefields. Sure, there are paintings of the battles, but most of the time the artists aren’t actually at the battles. Photographers are actually at the battles and sometimes on the battlefields taking the pictures. Photos are more accurate than paintings. Another reason why photography was important to the Civil War was that photography was a new invention. Photography was originally invented by Nicéphore Niépce in 1826. The most commonly photography used was wet-plate photography. That process was invented by Frederick Scott Archer ten years before the Civil War began. Wet-plate photography was a very difficult...
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...Any war fanatic is very familiar with the technological advances during the 1860s. Many factors of weaponry, transportation, and communication became in great use during this era. Innovations and advances include the telegraph, photography, aerial reconnaissance, railroads, army ambulance corps, long-range weapons, and warships. Tools and weapons such as these led to the great destruction and death that became known as the Civil War. Weapons and transportation were a big show stopper during the Civil War. Ships such as submarines and ironclad warships were the biggest threat of the 1860s. Not only were ships used as weapons, but long range weapons such as muskets and Minie Bullet were created to make attacking their target much easier and...
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...Photographers of the 19th Century – Present Mathew Brady (Brady) was born in 1823 in Warren County, New York, to Irish immigrant parents, Andrew and Julia Brady. Brady moved to New York City at the age of 16 or 17 where he took his first job was working in a department store as a clerk. Brady started a small business that manufactured jewelry cases shortly after he started working as a store clerk and in his spare time he studied photography. He studied photography under a number of teachers, which included the famous inventor of the telegraph, Samuel F.B. Morse. Brady seemed to have a natural gift for photography and by 1844 had started his own photography studio in New York. By 1845 he started exhibiting his portraits of famous Americans....
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...Picture is Worth a Thousand Words: Documenting the Civil War through Pictures The American Civil War of 1861 is one of the most revolutionary events that the United States has experienced in its young history. The eleven states of the south declared their secession from the United States in response to Abraham Lincoln’s campaign against the expansion of slavery into the northern states where the importation of slaves was considered illegal. Confederate forces instigated war against the north by attacking a United States military installation at Fort Sumter, South Carolina in retaliation to the law against the importation of slaves. Considered the deadliest war in American history, 620,000 soldiers were left dead among a plethora of undocumented civilian casualties. There to document the casualties of war was Mathew Brady, a name basically synonymous with Civil War photography, and his well-known accomplices Timothy O’Sullivan, Alexander Gardner, and Egbert Guy Fox (Wert). Altogether, these photographers can be accredited with documenting the entire war from beginning to end. Their collection of photographs comprises the majority of the overall for contributing to the majority of our collection of photographs from the Civil War, as well as the majority of the known photographs of the war (Trachtenberg). Some of the earliest forms of photography appeared in the 1830s, just a handful of decades before the American Civil War. Due to the fact that the transfer of real life...
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...the high seas, but never over territorial sea of another state -Art.1 1944 Chicago Convention on International Civil Aviation: “every state has complete and exclusive sovereignty over the space above its territory” -It is a serious breach of international law for a state to order to violate the air space of another state (for e.g. USA military aircraft attacked, forced to land or shot down by Hungary, USSR, Czechoslovakia-a number of incidents) -Does the states have an unlimited right to attack intruding aircraft in all circumstances? -Lissitzyn principle (from 1953)-important (book!) -Some states support Lissitzyn principle and that flexible approach to civil aircraft as well as military craft, but other states including ICAO-International Civil Aviation Organization, believe that civil aircraft must never be attacked in such circumstances -The rule that (it is not indeed a rule) trespassing civil aircraft must never be attacked does not mean that they have a legal right to trespass -Assembly of ICAO in 1984 adopted an amendment to 1944 Chicago Conv. On the Int. Civil Aviation which confirms that “every state, in the exercise of its sovereignty is entitled to require the landing at some designated airport of a civil aircraft flying above its territory without authority.” and that “every state must refrain from resorting to use of weapons against civil aircraft in flight and that, in case of interception, the lives of persons on board and the safety of aircraft must...
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...Evaluating the role of ethnic identity in explaining the occurrence of contemporary civil conflicts in sub-Saharan Africa. High hopes for many newly independent states of Africa became diminished as the 1990s saw over a quarter of the continent's states facing armed insurgencies within their borders (Young, 2002: 534). Commentators often point to pathological, deep-seated hatreds in an African tribal mosaic as the bases of such conflict. The fact is, however, that the continent is awash with political grudges, ethnically-framed and otherwise, but civil wars rarely break out. Thus this essay seeks to take a more nuanced approach to understand the analytical challenge posed by such disorder. Starting out by countering the centrality of ethnic identity, it firstly seeks to demonstrate that ethnic identities do not exist primordially, but that they are constructed on weak foundations. Secondly it endeavours to show that where cleavages do exist along lines of cultural difference, simple heterogeneity is insufficient to account for the outbreak of conflict. Next, it moves to underline the fact that more important in explaining civil conflict is whether such conflict is feasible. This is understood both in terms of the perceived capacity of the state and in terms of the viability of insurgency for would-be rebels. A final conclusion will then be expounded that ethnicity is not a central factor, but that it is simply one of a number of strategies under which conflict may be framed...
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...predecssors. “The Arab Spring” as it was called began in Tunisia and spread across the region (Al Jazeera). The protestors in this revolt wanted a myriad of things. Some wanted democracy, respect for civil rights, and some want Islamization of government and a movement to theocracy. Syria, once a province of the Ottoman Empire, is a small middle-eastern nation between Lebanon and Turkey. In March 2011, pro-Democracy Arab Spring protestors who were marching to decry the arrest and torture of teen graffiti artists were fired upon by police. After the shootings, many more protestors joined the public displays of defiance (BBC ). After nationwide unrest and a refusal by President Assad to abdicate, the protestors began to arm themselves (Semple). The violence in the country escalated so quickly that by June of 2013, 90,000 people had been killed in the fighting and that number moved to 250,000 by August of 2015 (BBC ). Into the fray came the self-stylized Islamic State. This terrorist group which is opposed to Assad is fighting to create a Muslim caliphate throughout Iraq and Syria. In June of 2014, the group claimed that it’s caliphate had been established, which lead to US airstrikes to destroy the group, thus entering another belligerent into the fight (BBC). The Syrian Civil War was killed more than 250,000 people and approximately 11-12 million of the nation’s 22 million people are displaced. Approximately 6.5 million people are displaced inside of the country, with ~4.5...
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...Monrovia Civil War Massina Ballah Strayer University English 090 Professor Delicia Battle August 10, 2012 Monrovia Civil war Many years of war that suffered thousands of people, and many dead. As a result of this, there were no food or medication. Moreover, a war that many thought will never come to an end. Monrovia war, a war that started early Monday morning april 6, 1990. A bright sunny day. Women and children running to save their lives. From a distance, I heard a very big sound of machine guns, bullet flying all over the place. We all ran for safety. As a got dark, it was a terrible night I didn’t know what to do. I felt stomach sick, because of the heavy guns sound. After many hours sitting in the house, I felt that this is the end of our lives. The next day the rebels told us to get out of the house. While working out there, there were many dead bodies in the street. I was afraid, especially my first time looking, and working over dead bodies. We walked for many hours. When it was night time, we slept in a school building. Women were taken from their husband by rebels. I knew that it was not safe for us. No one to protect us. We didn’t have safe drinking water. We drank from the creek, or the riverside. After many day of struggles, we had no food to eat, or medication. My elder brother got ill. We needed medicine. There were no medicine. My brother sickness got worst and he died. I felt so bad. My brother and I were so closed . He was everything...
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...from the 21st century, my first and quick answer will be war Wars have been going on for centuries. War unavoidably.Brings death, destruction and suffering, which both ruin lives and nations. The most unjustifiable consequence of war is the loss of innocent civilians' lives. Civilians, who could have lived to make a huge impact on the world, pose no direct threat to the 'enemy' and might not even share the motives of the side they have been presumed to support. War eradicates hopes and dreams of millions, destroys homelands, frightens and oppresses people. Nothing that, in the end, brings more bad than it does good can be justified. Any kind of war is unjustifiable because it involves only killing. And what kind of victory does one get? Victory over millions of dead human flesh.Victory over the broken hearts of the family and relatives. We must not forget the horrors of the two world wars. In these wars, there was mass-killing and destruction of property. Thousands were made widows and orphans. War brings hatred and spreads falsehood. People become selfish and brutal. Finally I believe Wars are not the solution of the problems. Instead they generate problems and create hatred among nations. War can decide one issue but gives birth too many. Hiroshima and Nagasaki are the greatest horrible faces of the consequence of wars. Even after 60 years people are suffering from the miseries of war. Whatever be the cause of war, it always results in destruction of life and property at...
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...War Has No Boundaries The short story “The Sniper” was written by Liam O’Flaherty. The Sniper was published on January 12, 1923. Liam O’Flaherty was born on August 28, 1898. Liam grew up in a poverty-stricken village on Irishmore Island in County Galway on the western coast of Ireland (Cummings,2007). O’Flaherty joined the British Army during the First World War in 1915. He wrote the sniper on his findings during the Irish Civil War. The main ideas that Liam was trying to represent are war has no boundaries, that war reduces humans into mere objects, and individualism. The Irish Civil War began on June 28, 1922 and ended May 24, 1923. The war claimed more lives than the war of independence did. The conflict broke out between two opposing sides: The Free State, and Republican Opposition. The Anglo-Irish Treaty arose from the Irish War of Independence. The treaty provided for a self-governing Irish state in twenty-six of Ireland’s thirty-two counties. The Free State supported the treaty while the treaty represented the republican side. The split between the two opposing sides was very personal. The leaders on the opposing side were very close friends, and were comrades during the Irish War of Independence. The leader of the republican was...
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...John Adams once said, “Great is the guilt of an unnecessary war.” This means that killing in war is most felt when it could have been avoided. Justification for killing in war is a very debated topic. Some deem it as necessary for freedom, but what is necessary about killing another human being? Liam O’Flaherty was a short story writer from the early to mid-1900s. The Editors of Encyclopedia Britannica (2015) disclose that his various novels and short stories guided the course for other authors in the literary Irish Renaissance. In his story, “The Sniper,” O’Flaherty stresses the importance of the human feeling soldiers obtain when amidts battle. “The Sniper” takes place in Dublin, Ireland in the middle of a heated Irish civil war between the Irish Republican Army (IRA) and the Free Staters. An IRA sniper has been...
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...War is the one situation that has no room for mistakes. The slightest mistake can cost a person his life when in the line of war. War can change people who may have never wanted to harm a person into someone who is willing to live at all cost, even if it means killing. The short story “The Sniper” written by Liam O’Flaherty incorporates the realities of war all the way down to its finest details. It also shows its extremities and how an option of simply whether to light a cigarette or not can be the decision whether someone lives or dies. People are fighting in these wars and may not know what they are fighting for or why they are fighting. Cummings (2007) found, “Liam O’Flaherty was born on August 28, 1896, in Inishmore, Ireland.”...
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...“Conflict is often indiscriminate”. I think that the statement means that sometimes wars and other various types of conflict occur regardless of who you are and just at random. My gut reaction regarding the statement is that conflict can be very indiscriminate equally to how conflict can be discriminative. For example, 9/11 was indiscriminate as the attack targeted multiple groups of people and was an attack just to psychologically damage the confidence of US Homeland Security and the US government; as well as other countries around the globe which saw the news broadcasts and thought that their country was going to be attacked next. However, conflicts like the Stonewall Riots, were discriminative, violent conflicts that attacked innocent people...
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...Throughout the world conflict persists. This is evident in Nicaragua where the country is facing a land disputes, “a territorial dispute is a disagreement over the possession/control of land between two or more territorial entities” which has divided into what can be described as a small civil war of ethnicity with the prize being valuable land along the coast of the country (7,. The two ethnic groups who are responsible for the conflicts are the miskitos of the southern region of Nicaragua, and the mestizos of the northern region of nicaragua. There fighting for land hs spread throughout the Caribbean coast, where most of the indigenous miskito citizens live on and or in close proximity to the area.(6) Both sides of the conflict the mestizos and the miskitos have had casualties since the start of the disputes....
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...The effect of a civil war has a variety of emotions on the soldiers involved. In the short story “The Sniper”, written by Liam O’Flaherty, takes place during the Irish Civil War. The Irish Civil War took place during 1921 and lasted until 1922. The treaty of Anglo-Irish Treaty was the foremost cause that led to the civil war. The treaty provided the Irish Free-State with a tremendous amount of independence and separated the power the IRA had in war. The protagonist’s, an unknown IRA sniper, mission is to take out an enemy Free-State sniper. Throughout the story he is face with war like challenges that he has to embark on. The short story “The Sniper” is about an experienced sniper and the lasting effects that the civil war is having...
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