CIVIL LAW PROPERTY FINAL EXAM NOTES (ROBERT GODIN)
APRIL 2007

By Andrew Carvajal

Introduction to Civil Law Property 16 three elements 16 two persons 16 juridical personality 16
Human persons 16
Art. 1 16
Art. 6 17
Art. 7 17
Legal persons 17
Art. 298 17
Art. 301 17
Art. 316 17
(State enterprises) 17
Art. 300 18
Different kinds of persons 18 enterprises 18
Art. 1525.3 18
Art. 2683 18
Art. 2684 19
Art. 2685 19
Art. 2686 19
Partnerships 19 trusts 19
Art. 1261 19 syndicate 19
Art. 1039 19
L’objet du droit 20
Movable vs. immovable property 20 res communes 20 res nullius 20
Art. 913 20
Art. 914 20 capital:, usufruct and objects 20
La Nature du droit 20
The Civil Code 21 suppletive 22
Art. 9 22
The Preliminary Provision of the Code 22
J. E. C. Brierly “The New Civil Code of Quebec” 22
Preliminary Provision 23
Dore v. Verdun 24 implementation 24
The question of transition 25
Definition of Property (Les Bien) 25 biens et choses 25
Terré & Philippe Simler 26
Patrimony (Patrimoine) 26
Art. 2 27
Art. 302 27
Aubry and Rau 27
Three main principles 27
Terré and Simler 27 droits extra-patrimoniales 27 common pledge 27
Art. 2644 28
Art. 2645 28
Art. 2646 28
Art. 2647 28
Pierre Roy & Associés inc. c. Bagnoud 28 successions 28
Art. 625 29
Art. 780 29
Partnerships and patrimony 29
Roy c. Boivin Carrier 29
Art. 2221 30 fiduciary substitutions 30 family patrimony 30
Couture c. Gagnon 30
Art.1223 30
Art.414 30
Art.415 30
Art.416 31
Appropriation 31 trust 31 patrimony in crown corporations 32
Patrimonial and extra-patrimonial rights 32
Art.3 32
Art.25 32
Art.536 32
Art.35 33
Real and Personal Rights 33
Real right, jus in re, droits reeles 33
Personal right, jus in personam, droit de creence 33
Art.1519 34
The Lease: An Example 34
Art.1851 34
Art. 1854 34
Art. 1855 34
Buying a house 34
Art. 1710 and 1712 34
Art. 1710 and 1712 34
Art. 1397 35
Art. 2946 35 advanced registration 35
Art. 2966 35
Real Rights 35
3 elements of the rights of ownership 35
Art.947 35
Types of dismemberment 36
Usufruct 36
Art.1120 36
Art.1172 36
Real servitude 36
Art.1177 36
Emphyteusis 36
Art.1195 37
Pincipales modalités 37
Art.1009 37
Art.1010 37
Art.1011 37
Accessory real rights 37
Art.2644 38
Art.2645 38
Art.2646 38
Art.2647 38
Hypothec 38
Art.2660 39
Art.2661 39
Art.2647 39
Art.8 39
Art.911 40
Intellectual Property 40
s.91(2) Constitution Act 1867 40
Publication or Rights and Registration 40
Cadastre 41 parcel identification units 41 two types of systems 42 registration of deeds 42 title registration 42
Art.2941 43
Art.2935 43
Art.2936 43
Art.2971.1 43
Art.2938 44
Art.2934 44
Art.2934.1 44
Art.2982 44
Art.2943 45
Art.2944 45
Art.2963 46
Art.2964 46
Art.1455 46
Art.1038 46
Art.1039 46
Art.2968 47
Movables and Immovables 47
What is the relevance of this distinction today? 47
Art.899 48
Art.3098 48
Art.3102 48 alienation of property 48 art 1299 48 art.1305, 48 art. 1307 48
Art. 174 48 art.213 48 formalism 49
Art.2693 49
Art.2696 49
Prescription 49
Art.2918 49
Art.2919 49
Arts. 404-05 50 art. 852 50 old code 50
Art. 907 50
By nature 50
Bélair c. Ste-Rose 50
Nadeau c Rousseau 50
Horn Elevator Limited c. Domine D’Iberville Limitée 50
Cablevision (Montréal) Inc. c. Deputy Minister of Revenue of the Province of Quebec 50
By destination 51
Incorporeal immovables right 52
Corporeal rights 52
Art. 921 52
What happens under the new Code? 52
Art. 899: 52
Art 900 53
Art 901 53
Service Diron 53 rt. 903 53
S.48 of the transitory provision 53
Why was immobilization by destination removed? 53
S.48: 54
Art. 1843 54
Art. 2672 54
Art. 2796 55
Art. 571 of the Code of Civil Procedure 55
Construtek G.B. Inc. c. Laforge 55
Axor Construction c. 3099-220 Québec Inc.) 55
Ville de Montréal c. 2313-1329 Québec Inc 56
Note on the transition 56
Art. 904 56
Art. 2695 56
Art. 905 56
Art. 906 56
Art. 907 57 consumable 57
Art. 1127 57
Art. 2314 57 fungible 57
Art. 1453 58
Res communes 58
Art. 913 58
Water 58
Art. 981 58
Morin c. Morin 58
Art. 934 58 appropriated 59
Art. 914 59
Art. 935 59
Can you abandon an immovable? 59
Art. 936 59
On treasures 59
Art. 938 60
Jacques Boivin Et Gaétan Fournier C. Le Procureur Général Du Québec 60
Vacant estates 60
Art. 696 60 hors commerce 60
Art. 631 60
Art. 1212 61
Art. 3 61
Arts. 2795 and 2876 61
Public and Private Ownership - “Domaine” 61
Arts 911-920 and 934-946 61
Art. 915 61
How did we get into the discussion of private/public property? 61
France 62
Art. 918 62
Art. 919 62
The history of “domaine” 62 censirents 63
Art. 923 63 free and common soccage 64
What is pubic domain? 64
Art. 300 65
What are these special characteristics of State property? 66
Property is un-prescriptible 66
Art. 2876 66
Property in inalienable 66
Art.94.9 of the Code of Civil Procedure 66
Immunity from taxation 67 private and public domain of the State 67 duality: the municipal level 67
Les Bâtiments Kalad’art c. Construction D.R.M 68
Concrete Column Clamps Ltd. v. City of Quebec 68
J. Serrentino Construction v. Laval sur le Lac [1966] C.S. 425 69
City of Montreal v. Hill-Clark-Francis [1968] C.A. 69
Concordia Concrete Floors Ltd v. Louis Laflamme Construction Inc. [1980] 70
Ville de Sherbrooke v. Pelouse de la Capitale [1983] C.S. 758 70
Construction Socam Ltée V. Communauté Urbaine De Montréal 70
Macconerie Demers v. AMT 70
Société Des Traversiers Du Québec V. Produits D'acier Écan Inc 70
Centre Hospitalier Sainte-Marie De Trois-Rivières V. Jacques Roy 70
Art.94 of Code of Civil Procedure 71 art.94.9 of the CCP 71
Art. 911 71
Art. 947 72
Art. 952 72
4 fundamental characteristics; 72
Absolute 72
Total 72
Exclusive and individual 72
Perpetual 73
Voisinage 73
Legal servitudes 73
Real servitudes 73
Art. 1177 74
Art. 976 74
Water 74
Morin c. Morin 74
Art. 951 75
Art. 979 75
Art. 981 75
Art. 920 75
Art. 982 75
Calvé c. Gestion Serge Lafrenière inc 76
Roy c. Tring-Jonction 76
Trees 76
Art. 984 77
Art. 985 77
Art. 986 77
Access to the land of another 77
Art. 988 77
Encroachments 77
Art. 992 78
Gosselinc c. Doiron 78
Distances between buildings 78
Art. 993 78
Art. 994 78
Art. 995 79
Art. 996 79
Right of way (enclave) 79
Art. 997 79
Art. 999 79
Art. 1000 79
Whitebirth c. Martin 79
The origin of Art. 976 80
Art. 1457 80
When does this of voisinage concept come into play? 80 damage 81 regular occurrence 81
Léo Pilon c. St-Janvier Golf & Country Club Inc 81
Katz v. Reitz 81
Christopolous v. Restarurant M 81
Gourdeau c. Lettelier de St. Just 81 defences 81
Remedies 82
Calvé c. Tring-Jonction 82
S.6 of the Canadian Charter 82
s.49 of the Charter 82
Art. 1621 82
Construction 82
Art. 990 82
Art. 991 83
Katz c. Reitz 83
Art. 1465 83
Art. 1467 83
Environment Equality Act 83
Act respecting Agricultural Land and Agricultural Activities 83
Limitation to the Right of Ownership Imposed by the Public Interest 84
Two levels of expropriation in Canada 84
Reserves 84
Bill 36 84 zoning 85
Sula c. Cite de Duvernay 85
Themens v. Royer 85

TERM II 86
More on Ownership – Barnage 86
Art. 977 86
Art. 978 86
Land Survey Act 86
Art. 2996 87
Art. 789 of the CCP 87
Art. 806 of the CCP 87
Subsoil and Air Space 87
Art. 951 87
Art. 985 88
Art. 976 88
Lacroix v. R. 88
Lacroix v. The Queen 88
Mining Act 89
Acquisition of Ownership 89
Occupation and abandoned property 89
Tremblay v. Boivin 89
Art. 934 89
Art. 935 90
Conditions to be able to occupy 90
Prescription 91
Jacques Boivin Et Gaétan Fournier c. Le Procureur Général Du Québec 91
Art. 939 92
Accession 92 first type 92
Art. 948 92
Art. 949 92
Art. 910 92 second type 93
Christian Atias 93
Artificial accession 93
Art. 955 93
Art. 956 93
Art. 2671 94
Art. 957 94
Art. 1110 94 movable accession 94
Art. 971 94
Art. 975 94
Art. 2673 94
Location Fortier Inc. v. Pacheco 95
Possession 95
CARBONNIER (1995) “Droit Civil: Les Biens” 95
MAZEAUD, MAZEAUD et CHABAS (1984) 95
Art. 921 98
Distinction between intention and detention 98
Two elements of possession 98
Terré & Simler 98
Art. 924 99 possession utile 99
Art. 922 99
Continuity 99
Art. 925 99
Peacefulness 99
Art. 927 99
Art. 926 100
Public 100
Unequivocal 100
Good and bad faith 100
Art. 932 100
Art. 2805 100
Art. 2943 101
Morin-Gagné c. Capital Midland Walwyn inc 101
Art. 931 101
Fiducie Enfants-Marier c. 2955-9754 Québec Inc 102
Why the interest in possession and what is its impact? 102
What are the juridical consequences? How does possession operate? 102
Art. 923 103
Art. 916 103
Art. 930 103
Art. 957 103
Art. 958 103
Art. 959 104
Art. 960 104
Art. 961 104
Art. 962 104
Art. 963 104
Art. 964 105
Types of detentors 105
The role of the possessor 105
Art. 929 106
Art. 2923 106
Petatory action 106
Art. 912 106
Sivret v. Giroux 107
Prescription 107
Art. 916 107
Art. 2875 108
Art. 2921 108
Art. 2922 108 general rule is 10 years 108
Art. 2923 108
Art. 2924 108
Art. 2925 108
Art. 1162 109
Art. 1191 109
Art. 2795 109
Art. 2798 109
Art. 2799 109
Acquisitive prescription 110
Art. 2910 110
Art. 2917 110
Art. 2911 110
Terré & Simler 111
How does prescription operate now? 111
Art. 2876 111
Art. 2877 111
Art. 2904 112
Art. 2905 112
Art. 2880 112
Art. 2883 112
Art. 2884 113
Art. 2930 113
Doré v.Verdun (City) 113
Successions 113
Art. 2912 113
Art. 2914 114
Art. 2919 114
Morin-Gagné c. Capital Midland Walwyn inc 114
Art. 2928 115
Art. 2929 115
Interruption 115
Art. 2889 115
Art. 2890 115
Art. 2891 115
Art.2918 115
Art. 805 of the Code of Civil Procedure 115
Art. 806 of the Code of Civil Procedure 115 retroactive effect? 115
On retroactivity 115
Modes of Ownership – Modalités 116
Allice c. Potashner 116
Allice c. Potashner 116
Art. 1009 117
Co-ownership 117
Art. 1010 117
Droit de la famille 118
Undivided co-ownership – Indivision 119
MARLER (The Role of Real property) 119
CUMYN (L’Indivision) 119
Art. 1012 121
Art. 1013 121
Art. 1030 122
Art. 1037 122
Art. 943 122
Art. 1032 122 publication 123
Art. 1014 123
Art. 2938 123
Art. 1015 123
Art. 1016 124
Art. 1017 124
Art. 1018 124
Art. 1021 125
Art. 2679 125
Art. 1022 125
STCUM Community v. Bandera investments 126
Pension Fund for the Employees of STCUM Community v. Bandera investments 126
Art. 1023 127
In the case of Harel c. 2760-1699 Quebec Inc 127
Cadieux c. Caron 127
On administration 127
Art. 1025 127
Art. 1026 127
Art. 1027 128
Art. 1028 128
Art. 1029 128
Art. 1030 128
Art. 1031 128
Art. 1032 129
Art. 1033 129
Art. 1034 129
Art. 1037 129
Successions 130
Art. 836 130
Art. 837 130
Art. 839 130
Art. 840 131
Art. 841 131
Art. 842 131
Art. 843 131
Art. 844 131
Art. 847 131
Art. 884 132
Arts. 809 and 810 in the Code of Civil Procedure 132
Forced or Permanent/Perpetual indivision 132
Arises in three situations 132
MIGNAULT 132
Note: la copropriété permanente – permanent Co-Ownership 132
Art. 1002 133
Art. 1003 134
Art. 1004 134
Art. 1005 134
Art. 996 135
Maintenance 135
Art. 1006 135
Meneghini v. Zambito-Orazio 135
Groleau v. Scté Immobilière du Patrimoine architectural de Montreal 135
Art. 1007 136
Things destined to the perpetual services of immovables 136
Condominium – Divided Co-ownership 137
Two types of portions 137
Art. 1041 138
Art. 1042 138
Art. 1043 138
Art. 1044 138
Art. 1045 138
Art. 1046 138
Art. 1038 139
Art. 3030 139
Art. 1048 139
Destination 139
Declaration 139
Art. 1052 140
Art. 1053 140
Art. 1054 140
Art. 1056 140
Art. 1063 140
Talbot v. Guay (1992) 140
Bergeron v. Martin 141
Wilson v. Syndicat des Co-proprietaires du condo le Champlain 141
Immeubles St. Laurent v. Zrihen 142
Kilzi v. Syndicat des Co-propriétaires du 10,400 Boul. l’Acadie 142
Amselem v. Syndicat Northcrest 143
Epoux X c. Syndicat des copropriétaires les Jardins de Gorbella 143
Art. 1062 143
What are some of the changes that were adopted at the time of the reform? 144
Art. 1055 144
Voting 144
Art. 1096 144
Art. 1097 144
Art. 1090 145
Art. 1101 145
Syndicate 145
Art. 1039 145
Art. 334 145 contingency fund 146
Art. 1072 146
Art. 1073 146
Art. 1075 146
Art. 1109 147
Relative value 147
Art. 1040 148
Art. 1051 148
Art. 1064 148
Art. 1075 148
Art. 1078 149
Art. 1090 149
How is relative value established? 149
Art. 1041 149
Art. 1053 149
Art. 1068 150
Gareau v. Syndicate St. Gabriel 150
Art. 1057 151
Art. 1065 151
Art. 1070 151
Art. 1079 151
Kilzi v. Syndicat des Co-propriétaires du 10,400 Boul. l’Acadie 151
Time-sharing 151
Some provisions that have also changed 152
Art. 1092 152
Art. 1104 152
Art. 1105 152
Art. 1106 153
Art. 1107 153
Art. 1080 154 arts. 897 to 910 of the Code of Civil Procedure 154
Arts. 751 and 752 of the Code of Civil Procedure 154
Art. 752 of the CCP 154
Latent defect 154
Art. 1077 155
Art. 1081 155
Art. 1011 155
MARLER, “The law of Real Property” – Section on “Right of Superficies” 155
QC v. Développements de Demain Inc 156
JG Cardinal 157
How would this arise? 157 how superficies can be establised 158
Art. 1110 158
Art. 1111 158
Art. 1113 158
Extinction of superficies 158
Art. 1116 159
Art. 1118 159
Code of Civil Procedure art.696 159
Morin v. Grégoire 160
Stone-Consolidated v. Pierre Desjardins Gestion Inc. 160
LaFontaine c. Grave 160
Dismemberments 161
Art. 1119 161
Usufruct 161
MIGNAULT 161
CANTIN-CUMYN, “De l’usufruit, de l’usage et de l’habitation » 162
Art. 1120 163 two concurrent rights at the same time 163
Art. 1125 164
Cantin-Cumyn, “De L’Usufruit, de l’Usage et de l’Habitation” 164
How is usufruct established? 165
Art. 1121 165
Art. 1160 165
Art. 908 165
Art. 910 166
Art. 1123 166
Art. 1130 166
Art. 1131 166
Art. 1133 166
Art. 1137 167
Art. 1138 167
How is it extinguished? 167
Art. 1162 167
Art. 1171 167
Laroque v. Beauchamps 168
Right of use 168
Art. 1172 168
Banque Nationale du Canada v. Gravel 169
Servitudes 170
Note on the Nature of the Charge which May Constitute a Servitude 170
Art. 911 170
Personal servitudes 170
A real servitude 170
Art. 1119 171
What is the exact nature of the charge imposed by a servitude? 171
Whitworth v. Martin 172
Abandonment 173
Terré et Simler - Servitude et Obligation Réelle 174
Dorion v. Les Ecclésiastiques du Séminaire de Montréal, 174
Art. 1178 174
Wasserman Stotland Bratt Grossbaum & Pinsky Inc.v. Édifice 9500 Incorporée 174
Cadieux v. Hinse & Morin 175
Hamilton v. Wall 175
Economic servitudes 176
Segal v. Ross 176
Obligations and servitudes 176
How are servitudes established? 177
Art. 1181 177
Administrative servitude 177
How is the servitude exercised? 178
Art.1177 178
Art. 1186 178
How is it terminated? 179
Art. 1191 179
Art. 1189 179
Art. 1192 179
Art. 1193 179
Art.696 of the Code of Civil Procedure 180
Emphyteusis 180
Art. 1195 180
Sun Life Assurance Company of Canada v. 137578 Canada Inc. 181