...Police Influence on Society Antonio Montoya CJA/334 March 15, 2015 John France Police Influence on Society Problems between law enforcement and ethnic and social class groups have always existed. It is hard to believe that law enforcement has discriminated in the past. Many persons argue that police officers may arrest other ethnic groups compared to other one's such as African American, Hispanic, or Asian before they would arrest a Caucasian. Some persons may also believe that a police officer will arrest a person coming from a lesser socioeconomic class before arresting a person from a more wealthy place. However, the bad thing, is that even though the criminal justice system denies these types of accusations, history has proven opposite. History of Policing Long time ago law enforcement officers were for the most part Caucasian males, and their height had to be five foot 10 inches or above. Even though this particular requirement does not exist today, before when it was taken into consideration it meant that Hispanics and Asians could not even try looking forward to a career in law enforcement. As for Africans Americans they were in fact able to meet the height requirement, but unfortunately other discrimination practices stopped them from advancing to higher rank. The good thing is that later on a law passed which was "The Civil Rights Act of 1964, which ended segregation in public places and banned employment discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion...
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...CJA 344 Week 3 ury Nullification Paper Assignment: Jury Nullification Paper CJA/ 344 Week 4 November 25, 2012 Mr. Jones CJA 344 Week 3 Assignment Jury Nullification Paper Ongoing debate exists on the issue of whether indeed ethnicity influences proceedings in the court room or not. Supreme Court nominee Sonia Sotomayor said in a 2001 speech that a judge's gender and ethnicity does, and should, influence his or her decision-making on the bench. Sotomayor made the comments on October 26, 2001, at a University of California-Berkeley symposium marking the 40th anniversary of the first Latino named to the federal district court. She states something very relevant to this which was, "I wonder whether by ignoring our differences as women or men of color we do a disservice both to the law and society," she said at the event, sponsored by the law school. "I further accept that our experiences as women and people of color affect our decisions. The aspiration to impartiality is just that — it's an aspiration because it denies the fact that we are by our experiences making different choices than others." "Our gender and national origins may and will make a difference in our judging. This is not to say that all African Americans, all Latinos or all women share the same views and life experiences. This too would be a silly position. But it is to say that in our society, factors such as race, gender and social class...
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...Public Opinion of Police by Different Ethnic Groups :Speech Good morning (evening or afternoon) ladies and gentleman. I would like your attention because I have a subject to discuss. I want to talk about the public's opinion towards police officers by different ethnic groups. There are many thoughts and public opinion on how the community feel towards the many police officers in this country. It is my personal opinion that people should not be hating on the police because they enforce the law, unless they have experienced some sort of police brutality and unprofessionalism. I will speak to you the various races ethnic backgrounds that have statistically shown me the truth behind why they dislike police officers. Amongst part of races that feel like that towards police officers they are Hispanics, African Americans and also other mixed races. Every Hispanic has their own reason to dislike the police officers in this country. For many it could be personal and for others it could be that they do not care and for some it could be that perhaps the immigration topic is what's affecting their opinion about police officers. Anything a police officer does may not be liked by someone for whatever reason, so no matter what not every person will be pleased. Research and plenty of study have been done to find out the truth about why distrust is so high amongst the citizens and the police. They found that "police violence against Rodney King, Amadou Diallo, and the racist attitude of Mark...
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...Police Influence on Society Stephen Hellman CJA.344 March 31, 2015 Germaine Moore Police Influence on Society In this paper there will be a discussion over the historical development of policing in the United States. Overall what the relationship is like between the police officers and the different ethnic groups and social classes. This paper will be covering the law enforcement practices that have been used in the past and at present times towards the groups and classes of people. It will also cover the three different era’s that took place in the policing history. It will give examples towards the way minorities were treated in past. The political era of policing was characterized by officers as an intimate relationship with the community and the police force was influenced heavily by politics (Robert McNamara and Ronald Burns, 2009). During the political era of policing there were race riots and racial controversy in major cities like Philadelphia and Boston. During this period police officers were not formally trained on how to deal with unruly citizens and would choose violence to get the point across. During the reform era police officer were dealing with a lot of riots and outburst that were racially motivated. One incidence started when and off duty police officer in 1964, shot and killed a black teenage boy. This caused a tension between the white officers and the black community. The police officers were considered the enemy in many cases. Racial...
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...Ethnicity and the Courts Tina Martin-Fleming CJA/344 August 28, 2014 Thomas Bullock Jury Nullification is the process that allows members of the juror to acquit a defendant for crimes they do not feel is grounds for punishment. Although, many jurors may not know this is an option to many cases, it is still an option. If citizens use this option in many of the courtroom proceedings, there will be fewer people who are serving time in prison. On the other hand, this does interfere with the decision- making process. This paper will explain whether ethnicity influences courtroom proceedings and judicial practices. It will summarize the arguments for and against ethnicity-based jury nullification. Including contemporary examples of ethnicity-based jury nullification and my position for or against ethnicity based jury nullification and the defense of that decision. Explain whether Ethnicity Influences Courtroom proceedings and Judicial Practices In today’s society ethnicity does have an effect on courtroom proceedings and judicial practices. Crime has increased significantly over the years particularly in poverty stricken areas that are more likely to have a higher rate of crime than those other areas. This issue has raised many concerns of this criminal behavior. Racial issue still and will always be an issue with the court system as long as we as a people keep it in existence. To eliminate these barriers would be to educate the police and all persons who are seeking Criminal...
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...Ethnicity and the Police Part II: Final Deliverable Adriana Urrutia CJA/344 August 12th, 2013 University of Phoenix Law enforcement and the community have always had an off and on relationship. Like any other relationship they have their disagreements, misunderstandings and break-ups. However at the end of the day both sides share common interests, deterrence and justice. With the influx of immigrants in the past decades the United States has been bombarded with many different cultures and languages. Therefore society’s views and opinions of law enforcement vary from ethnicity to ethnicity. We will be exploring how the Asian, Hispanic and Black communities see law enforcement from discrimination, racial profiling and past experiences. Also, we will discuss how non-minorities view law enforcement and their actions. The shattered relations between law enforcement and minorities will be included in the discussion. In addition, the police officers and the rise of diversity and how they interact with the community, response to the growth of ethnic communities and education on diversity. Lastly, racial profiling and its effects on police officers, the community and the department will be explored. Ethnic Groups The increase of immigration and diversity has sometimes made relationships with police difficult. Asian and Hispanics communities are often fearful of police officers due to there past experiences. There past experiences vary from their country of origin that was...
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...Police Influence on Society Robin Betts CJA/344 December 7, 2015 Diana Mitchell Police Influence on Society Policing has been evolving slowly but surely since the 1950s. The traditional policing model was exposed during the Civil Rights Movement of the 1960s. America is known as a country of diverse ethnic, racial, and religious groups. Or as many would refer to America as a melting pot. This is not the case though. Policing in smaller homogeneous societies tend to be more uniformed. The reason for this is that people tend to know each other on more intimate levels. Most of the time they have the same outlooks on the world and the same view about what is considered right and wrong. Social control is easier to achieve in smaller homogeneous towns. There is a general agreement about what is wrong or right, bad or good, illegal or legal. This is called the “collective conscience”(McNamara & Burns, 2009). The morality is stronger in theses community because there is a greater agreement on the importance of social life and their involvement in it. The bad side to this society is that change will happen very slowly or there will be no change at all. Heterogeneous societies are completely the opposite. People in this group are way more diverse and come from many different racial and ethnical backgrounds. Instead of building trust and getting to know each other on a more intimate level, individuals get to know others by what that person can do for them or how that person...
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...Ethnicity and the Police Part 1: Outline Sharon Upshaw CJA/344 May 17, 2016 Diana Mitchell Ethnicity and the Police Part 1: Outline POLICE CORRUPTION IN THE UNITED STATES Police misconduct is rising throughout the United States regardless of the Department of Justice attempts of interventions. These interventions are not only to improve the training of officers but also to build a better relationship and trust of the community. Why is there a huge spike in police brutality since the Obama administration if the U.S. department of Justice is monitoring the police agencies? I. Police corruption within law enforcement agencies A. Racial profiling 1. Illegal search and seizure 2. African American and Latino’s 3. Driving while black B. Complaints by citizens relative to ethnicity 1. Harassment in minority communities 2. Excessive use of force 3. Deadly force II. Police brutality among minorities are high A. Bureau of Justice Statistic 1. Ethnic groups perception of police 2. Civil Rights violations B. Deaths of civilians by police use of excessive force 1. Black lives matter 2. Ban of choke holds III. All states needs racial profiling laws A. NAACP Reports that twenty states do not have this law 1. Data collection of police stop and seizure 2. DOJ to revised a new guide on racial profiling B. Mistrust of police grows in minority communities 1. Unfair treatment by...
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...Police Influence on Society CJA 344- Cultural Diversity Issues in Criminal Justice John France September 16, 2012 In history the system of American police was something learned from Great Britain and adapted by America. In the past the first ideals of policing were controlled by the able-bodied men and young boys who were part of the first Europeans to venture to our lands. This was mainly a defensive motion as it was used to defend themselves from the natives to the lands that did not wish to share their home. As time went on and the natives became more settled and peace was more successful, policing became one of the primary duties of the Justices of the Peace. As evolution took hold of the colonies, they became cities and towns making it necessary to create a more organized form of law enforcement. Then “The Night Watch was born, in 1636 as a productive way to control the actions and criminal activities of the area in Boston. New York later took on the same idea creating the Shout and Rattle Watch in 1651. Through the success in some areas of these teams and the weaknesses in other areas, Philadelphia felt that policing could be more productive if the area was divided and assigned small teams per area. Once the population grew extensively and industrialism had a firm grasp on America, it was mandated that the municipal police departments be developed, Philadelphia started a independent police force that would be on duty...
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...Police Influence on Society Stephanie Jennings CJA/344 February 11, 2013 Stephen Humphries Police Influence on Society There are different factors when it comes to the police influence on society. The factors can be both negative and positive on society. The police are in the community to protect and serve. The main purpose of law enforcement is to maintain order and to investigate criminal activity in the United States. The history of American policing was learned from Great Britain and adapted by America. The first ideal people to do the policing were healthy young boys and men that had come over with the Europeans on the first ships to venture to America (Trojanowicz, R. C., 1991). The main reason was to protect themselves from the natives who did not want to share their land. The natives, in time, became more settled and the two groups were able to live more successfully together. Policing became one of the primary duties of the Justices of the Peace. Evolution soon took hold of the colonies and they became cities and towns. This made it more of a priority to organize forms of law enforcement. In 1636, “The Night Watch” was born and it was to be a productive way to control the actions and criminal activities of the area of Boston. New York took the idea in 1651 and created the “Shout and Rattle Watch.” There was success and failures in both cities but Philadelphia felt that policing could be more productive is the area was divided and assigned to small...
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...Poverty and Crime CJA/344 October 29, 2015 Chris Manning Poverty and Crime Poverty refers to scarcity or state of lack money or lack possessions of a certain amount. Poverty may be either absolute or relative depending on magnitude and severity. In the case of absolute poverty, one cannot meet basic needs like shelter and food. The poverty results from broad issues such as inequality, unemployment and high population density (Raphael, & Tolman, R.1997). Crime, refers to act that is harmful to individual and community or state at large by the individual. Crime exists almost everywhere in the United States, in both rural and urban areas. For this topic, the research proved that poverty indicates a high likelihood of crime activities. Other factors such as unemployment, high population density and low-income family background play an important role in the increasing crime in our society today (Raphael, & Tolman, 1997). In the United States, poverty is a big issue amid areas that have high poverty levels. Factors that determine the poverty levels such minority population, high population density and unemployment increase the case of crime in the areas (Drake, & Pandey, 1996). The crime can be explained using some theories such high stress among the poor, which increase the likelihood of committing robbery, rape among other violent acts. The inferior education acquired by poor youth reduces chances of getting a good job, role model and increasing the possibility of spending...
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...Discrimination and Disparity S Fraser June 9, 2011 Cultural Diversity Issues in Criminal Justice CJA/344 Discrimination and Disparity Discrimination exists in today’s society whether it is acknowledged or not; it is becoming more common and more accepted every day. It is happening everywhere, schools, churches, government, and even within the criminal justice system. Often times, disparity is a product of discrimination or vice versa. The following essay will discuss discrimination and disparities that exist within the criminal justice system as well as a contrast and comparison of the two terms. The definition of disparity is the condition or fact of being unequal, as in age, rank, or degree; difference (free dictionary, 2009). Disparities can also exist in gender, income, sexual orientation, race and ethnicity. When relating to the criminal justice system, disparities exist in police departments, correctional facilities and in court procedures. In law enforcement, disparities are everywhere from hiring practices, promotional opportunities, and police response. For example, a 2009 article about racial bias in law enforcement stated that Blacks and whites engage in drug offenses at about the same rate. The article continued to say: “Since there are six-and-a-half times as many whites in this country, you would think there would be then proportionally six-and-a-half times as many whites being arrested...
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...Ethnicity and the Police Donald Wilson Jr CJA 344 February 13, 2014 Linda Fisher-Lewis Ethnicity and the Police Police officers have a very demanding job. They are here to protect and serve all citizens no matter how those citizens treat the officers or what their opinion on those officers is. Everyone has a different opinion on how they feel about police officers. This opinion usually derives from things like past experiences, witnessing someone else’s experiences, and even your ethnic background. Many factors mold an opinion and may even change an opinion of an individual over time. Every ethnicity has a different overall opinion of the police. For example, Caucasians are very open and usually favor police officers far more than any other ethnicity. When polled Caucasians had the highest favorable rating for police officers. African Americans gave some of the lowest ratings when polled about their opinions of police officers in their community. Hispanics were also considerably lower than Caucasians when asked their opinion of the police force in their neighborhood. The difference between the African Americans and the Hispanics is that there isn’t much data that incorporates Hispanics, and there is as much data for African Americans and there is for Caucasians. Obviously there are many different reasons for these opinions, and not everyone of that particular ethnicity feels the same way. When looking at a neighborhood and talking about the crime rate...
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...Disparity and Discrimination Essay Ashley Gallegos CJA/344 10/23/2011 Jacquelyn Bradway In America disparity and discrimination has a strong presence in everyday life as well as in other countries around the world. Even though these are two different actions they have the same result showing others they are different and should be treated as such. When it comes to disparity its definition states that it is inequality in form or a difference. When it comes to discrimination its definition states that it is an action that treats someone inferior because of their race, sex, national origin or age. Do these actions take place in the world of criminal justice for example in law enforcement practices, court procedures or correction populations? Law Enforcement Practices Law enforcement is an admirable job and any individual who takes on this job role should be appreciated and respected. But what should citizens do when disparity and discrimination become intertwined and a part of the law enforcement job? An issue among law enforcement for decades has been racial profiling; this issue is the reason why many judicial consent decrees have been designed, to help start avoiding...
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...Ethnicity and the Police Corruption Part I Patricia Munive CJA 344 June 11, 2014 Constant Wilson Ethnicity and the Police Corruption Officials and witnesses state, the sergeant grabbed a 14 year old teenager by the name of Javier and pushed him hard against the window of the hookah store, shattering the glass and causing bad cuts to Javier’s head and body but let’s take into account what happened that led up to the accident. No officers should be permitted to use excessive force without reprimand especially when causing such bodily harm to someone who is already handcuffed (Schwirtz & Pastor, 2014). Some officers feel they have the right to use excessive force and think because of their positon in law-enforcement they can get away with that kind of abuse. Abusing their authority and getting away injuring handcuffed people is corruption. Last month in May, there were two teenagers hand cuffed in front of a Hookah store in the Bronx. Two teenagers were arrested for assaulting a 49 year-old-man for refusing to give them a cigarettes. Authorities stated that Javier and his friend were walking in the vicinity of the west Bronx when they saw the 49-year-old. The teenagers ask the man for a cigarette and when the man refused they assaulted him. When the man turned his back one of the kids punched him in the head and the other hit him in the back with a backpack. The man suffered minor injuries. The authorities stated the man flagged them down to look for the boys. The officers...
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