...ENCOUNTERING SOCIAL CLASS DIFFERENCES AT WORK: HOW “CLASS WORK” PERPETUATES INEQUALITY Using a microsociological lens, we develop a theoretical framework that explains how social class distinctions are sustained within organizations. In particular, we intro- duce the concept of “class work” and explicate the cognitions and practices that members of different classes engage in when they come in contact with each other in cross-class encounters. We also elucidate how class work perpetuates inequality, as well as the consequences of class work on organizations and those at the lower end of the organizational hierarchy. By examining microlevel interactions and how they become institutionalized within organizations as prevailing rules and practices, we contribute to both institutional theory and the sociology of social class differences. We encourage future research on social class and discuss some of the challenges inher- ent in conducting it. Several contemporary developments—includ- ing the financial crisis of 2008 (Rajan, 2010), the shrinking of the middle class (Leicht & Fitzger- ald, 2007), and the rise of the “new poor” in America (Cohen, 2010)— have reinjected the is- sue of social class differences and inequality (Stiglitz, 2012) into contemporary discourse. Within organization studies, however, social class has received only scant consideration (cf. Castilla & Benard, 2010; Dacin, Munir, & Tracey, 2010; Scully & Blake-Beard, 2006). While two re- cent exceptions...
Words: 21937 - Pages: 88
...Cybersecurity DR / BCP Presentation Summary: For this assignment, you must research three or more commercially available technology solutions which could be used by a business as part of its recovery during disaster recovery or business continuity operations. You may focus upon the incident reported upon in your cybersecurity research paper OR you may take a more general approach. Your research will then be used to prepare a presentation (Power Point slides) in which you discuss how your selected solutions could be used to address cybersecurity problems specific to DR / BCP operations. Your presentation must also address the importance of disaster recovery planning and/or business continuity planning with respect to maintaining the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of information and information systems. Consult the grading rubric for specific content and formatting requirements for this assignment. The focus of your research for this assignment should be DR / BCP technology solutions for response and recovery after a cyber security incident of sufficient duration and impact to require activation of the organization’s Disaster Recovery and/or Business Continuity Plan. Suggested technology solutions include: * General DR/BCP Services * Palindrome http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d60m6hUpgvs * Data Backup Solutions * Acronis http://www.acronis.com/solutions/smallbusiness/ * Cloud Computing (Infrastructure as a Service, Software as a...
Words: 646 - Pages: 3
...Consumer Psychology and Marketing Communications Article Analysis PSY/322 Consumer Psychology and Research Consumers’ helps firms and organizations improve their marketing strategies by understanding issues such as how The psychology of how consumers think, feel, reason, and select between different alternatives (e.g., brands, products, and retailers); The psychology of how the consumer is influenced by his or her environment (e.g., culture, family, signs, media); Limitations in consumer knowledge or information processing abilities influence decisions and marketing outcome; How consumer motivation and decision strategies differ between products that differ in their level of importance or interest that they entail for the consumer; and How marketers can adapt and improve their marketing campaigns and marketing strategies to more effectively reach the consumer. According to the reading consumers’ psychology is defined as the study of individuals, groups, or organizations and the processes they use to select, secure, use, and dispose of products, services, experiences, or ideas to satisfy needs and the impacts that these processes have on the consumer and society. I noticed this when I read the article about how “Apple” was trying to expand their already successful products. The target product “Apple” is using is the iphone. They know that a huge number of people has already purchased their phone so expanding the range of the cell...
Words: 759 - Pages: 4
...Society is made up of two social classes’ proletariat and bourgeoisie. The capital class (bourgeoisie) are the minority class and are the employers who own the means of production. They own industries such as land and factories where they make their money by exploiting the proletariat class. The proletariats (working class) sell their labour by working for the capitalists and rarely have any other source of income. Marxists believe that in education the ruling class has far more benefit than the working class. In 1944 we saw the educational act introduced in the tripartite system. This led to education being based upon meritocracy whereby individuals achieve their status by how hard they work in school no matter what background or ascribed status they were from. This meant that there was far more equal opportunities in education of those that wanted to achieve would have to work hard to do so. Paul Willis studied a group of 12 working-class boys in their last year and a half in school and their first few months at work. He wanted to find out why ‘working class kids get working class jobs'. He identified two groups of pupils known as the ‘lads’ and the ‘ear ‘oles’. The ‘lads’ were a group of working class boys who showed a negative attitude to academic work and also had strong racist and sexist attitudes. The ear’oles were the complete opposite of the ‘lads’ when it came to academic progress. The Ear ‘oles were looked down on by the ‘lads’ as they were the children who followed...
Words: 701 - Pages: 3
...February 6, 2014 1. Some reasons why Apple could be disruptive are by the abilities that they give their customers by the opportunities they have to sort, manage, and create with their Apple product. On this product if you’re a business it keeps track of current and potential clients. With the improvements in technology it helps make business transactions simpler, effective, and quick. Being able to have access all from the tips of your finger tips on the go. 2. Some unique items that the Sales force added was the ability for companies to organize their clients based on what they wanted their main focus to be on, how much the deal was worth, and how close they were to closing the deal. This allowed businesses to manage their financing and make transactions. 3. T- Mobile has open platform software strictly to compete with Apple by introducing the Android to Java to Sidekick and Windows Mobile. 4. Some advantages that are given are the opportunity for businesses to provide online access to their customers for transactions to occur. It also allows for anyone to access their website at anytime and anywhere. If I was a salesperson I would endorse for my customers to use the app on their phones to receive future deals and discounts. It would allow for them to tell their peers and family members to check out my inventory and have it all at the access of their mobile device. 5. Well Apple would benefit more from this application. Sales force would...
Words: 299 - Pages: 2
...Introduction: Areas of land must be leveled and prepared before construction can begin on them. Quality soils can sometimes result in strong foundations. Engineers need to prepare the cost estimate that the soil excavation would entail. The image below shows what land area will be used in this lab. Experimental procedures: 1. Set up the automatic level somewhere where you can see the benchmark and the grid points. 2. Take a backsight of the benchmark. 3. Use the equation below to establish the height of the instrument: 4. Take the foresight of each grid point. It’s okay if your measuring rod is not on the point exactly. 5. Find the elevation of each point using this equation: 6. Once the elevations have been found, determine the grade elevation by taking the minimum observed elevation and subtracting 2 feet from it. 7. Use this grade elevation to find the difference between each elevation in relationship to the grade elevation. 8. Now, use the trapezoidal rule to find the total cut area at each cross section: 9. Use the average end area method to find the total cut volume between cross sections: 10. Sum the total volume for excavation and apply the soil swell factor of 1.1 (used to account for the amount that soil will expand after excavation). 11. Use this new swell volume to calculate the cost estimate. 12. Calculate the cost estimate (where the unit cost is $12.00 / yd3). Experimental Data and Discussion: ...
Words: 473 - Pages: 2
...ECO 365 Week 5 Learning Team B Competitive Strategies and Government Policies http://homeworklance.com/downloads/eco-365-week-5-learning-team-b-competitive-strategies-government-policies/ Competition and Policies Influencing the Airline Industry Emerging Companies, Mergers, Globalization, Pricing, and Profits The airline industry is characterized by increased levels of competition as a result of new companies that venture into the market. Such new entrants bring about an increased level of competition for the existing volumes of consumers that the different airlines have to share. Mergers occur when two companies come together to combine resources, market share, and experience to acquire a better position in the market. Mergers also create a greater pool of resources and stability, which is attractive to consumers. Globalization brings about a higher level of travelling where people will be moving from one point to another. As a result, airline services will be at a greater demand and hence increase business. However, this will also mean that airlines from foreign nations can access any region and as a result there is greater competition (Botten & McManus, 1999; University of Phoenix, 2011). Pricing, Sustainability of Profits, and Horizontal Merger The level of competition in the industry determines how the different airlines will price their services to attract a higher number of consumers. High levels of competition may cause the businesses in the industry...
Words: 284 - Pages: 2
...Unit 1A: Number and problem solving Framework codes Learning objective Activities Resources Comments 1Nn1 Numbers and the number system Recite numbers in order. Class counting to 20. Number lines or squares for checking. Objects to count. Containers to help structure the counting, number lines, grids or square. Paper, unnumbered number lines, 100 square, number lines (for reference). 1Nn3 Count objects up to 20, recognising conservation of number. Counting objects to 20, rearranging and checking. 1Nn2 Read and write numerals from 0 to 20. Give students a number less than 20. Ask them to continue the series orally or writing. 1Nn8 Use more or less to compare two numbers, and give a number that lies between them. Count using a number line, with pictures as representations as well as the numbers. Number lines. Use visual clues for more and less and in between. Scheme of work – Mathematics stage 1 Unit 1A: Number and problem solving 2 Framework codes 1Nn9 Learning objective Order numbers to at least 20 positioning on a number track: use ordinal numbers. Mental strategies Know all number pairs to 10 and record related addition/subtraction facts. Begin to know number pairs to 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10. Activities Class or group activity. Pick a number card, hide it and give clues. Resources Number cards, number lines and grids. Comments 1Nc1 Counters in the pot. Counters Small pots, number cards 0 – 10. Counters, small...
Words: 809 - Pages: 4
...com/downloads/com-156-entire-course-week-1-9-agrade/ All Tutorials will be E-mailed immediately after the Payment, Please Check your inbox or Spam Folder and can also be Downloaded by clicking on Tutorial Bucket. For More Tutorials Visit Website: HOMEWORKLANCE.COM For Any Other Inquiry Feel Free To Contact Us: Lancehomework@gmail.com COM 156 Complete Course Material all Weeks DQS and All Assignments COM 156 Wk 1 All Discussion Questions Review the information provided on pp. 51–53. Explain the initial steps of writing an essay. Identify how your audience, purpose, and content will influence your approach The purpose of an essay, as explained on p. 47, will affect all aspects of the paper. In this class, the final paper will be a persuasive essay. Throughout the class, you will complete assignments that directly or indirectly help you complete the final paper. Identify the main purpose of a persuasive essay and the elements necessary for it to be effective. Review the video titled Writing Process. Read the Short Form Axia Writing Style Handbook. What are the two most helpful suggestions in each? If you were to propose one additional suggestion to include in each what would it be? Explain the time management strategies you will use when writing a successful academic paper. What techniques discussed in your US/101 course may help you manage your time when writing a paper? The ultimate success or failure of a paper may often be traced back to the planning stages. What might...
Words: 647 - Pages: 3
... Pierre Bourdieu How do class, gender, sexuality or race work in relation to taste today? Using at least two key theorists discussed on the course, explain how ideas of taste are presented in any two media texts. The concept of good taste and class has always been a sensitive subject for those perceived as lacking enough taste or class to fit in the higher echelons of society. Historically, taste. class and it’s symbols have always been defined by the social elite. It was been incredibly difficult for outsiders to gain access to the knowledge that ensured the ruling class were in a position to define taste for the rest of the population. There has however always been a drive in the lower classes to earn acceptance and even entry to the higher class of society. This drive has been a major factor to the success of capitalism, giving birth to mass production and economic well fare. Renowned french sociologist Pierre Bourdieu theorised on cultural, social and symbolic values in order to analyze what constituted taste and class. (Swartz, David. 1997) Bourdieu believed that if one possessed a great deal of cultural capital (knowledge of the arts, language or artistic flair) one would be perceived as a higher class than someone without the same knowledge. Bourdieu argues that all members of society exist in a multidimensional social space: where one is not only defined by social class membership but any kind of capital one could gain...
Words: 2414 - Pages: 10
...ACC 230 Week 9 Starbucks Financial Health Paper – (Material ) http://homeworklance.com/downloads/acc-230-week-9-starbucks-financial-health-amaterial/ In 1985, Howard Schultz founded Starbucks. In Seattle Washington in a store called Giornale Coffee Company caught Howard’s attention; from that moment Howard had the idea of a Coffee Bar. Two years later, in 1987, Howard and other co-partners opened very first Coffee Bar and named it Starbucks. Starbucks headquarters are located in Seattle, Washington. (Business Week, 2000-2008). Howard Schultz is not only the founder of Starbucks; Howard is also the chairman, president and chief executive officer of Starbucks. Starbucks Corporation and subsidiaries purchase, roasts, and sells whole bean coffees to the consumer. Starbucks also sells a variety of fresh brewed coffees, espressos, specialty teas, and cold blended coffee drinks at their locations. Food items such as baked treats, sandwiches and fruit are also available for purchase at Starbucks. Starbucks also specialty coffee mugs, travel mugs and a line of coffee brewing accessories through company operated retail stores. Supermarkets and liquor stores also carry a line of Starbucks ready to drink beverages. Summary of Starbuck’s current financial performance. According to the Starbucks Income statement, the company has had a decrease in revenue and a pick up in cost of good sold. Although the gross profit margin dollars are more then the year 2007, the company has dropped...
Words: 535 - Pages: 3
...How to file an effective Out of Class grievance Introduction: Article 14.2, 14.2.17 and 14.2.21 of the MOU governs The Out of Class grievance process. Out of Class grievances are some of the most difficult grievances to win in Arbitration. Out of class grievances that are not resolved at the department level are resolved by DPA in some instances, provided there is substantial evidence that an employee is working out of class. Grievances not resolved at DPA that are approved for Arbitration must have evidence that can be presented to an Arbitrator that proves an employee is performing duties of an existing, higher paid classification more that 50% of the time over 2 consecutive work weeks (MOU Art. 14.2, 14.2.17, 14.2.21) that do not overlap with the worker’s existing SPB class specification. The Out of Class Grievance Process If the out of class work is ongoing, the grievance is always timely. However, once an out of class grievance is filed, the procedural steps outlined in the MOU Article 14, must be followed. If the out of class duties cease to be performed for any reason, an out of class grievance must be filed within 21 calendar days (except Unit 21, Out of Class grievances must be filed within 60 days) of when the worker ceased doing the out of class work, MOU Article 14.2, 14.2.17 and 14.2.21. Remember the only remedy an Arbitrator may award is out of class pay for one year, prior to the filing of the grievance, plus the time it takes to process the grievance...
Words: 796 - Pages: 4
...I will be happy to arrange for meetings outside of these hours. Please send me an e-mail or call for an appointment to ensure my undivided attention. Required Textbook/Resources 1. Textbook: FINANCE 2nd edition Cornett, Adair, Nofsinger McGraw-Hill Irwin 2014 ISBN 978-0-07- 803481-7 2. Access card: Connect/LearnSmart (available from CSU bookstore or on-line at www.mhhe.com/canM2e) 3. Financial calculator, recommended HP 12C 4. Skype Account Prerequisites: ACCT 211 (Accounting II) with a C or higher, COINS 209 (or preferably COINS 211) with a C or higher. If you have not met these requirements, please contact the instructor immediately. You will need intermediate proficiency in Excel to do well in this class. Course Description: This course deals with the principles of capital management within corporations. Topics include the time value of money, valuation concepts, capital budgeting, project cash flow analysis, cost of capital and capital structure. Forecasting, planning and control, specifically financial statement analysis, as well as working capital management are also covered. Faith Integration: As a Christian university, CSU is committed to the development of a Christian worldview grounded in a personal relationship with Christ and dedicated to applying the truth of scripture in all areas of life, personal and professional. Opportunities for faith integration will be pursued. Glorify God: “So...
Words: 3431 - Pages: 14
...Time Log Template Make a list of all activities you accomplish in one day. Be as specific as possible, and include a scheduled time for study. This log may be used in future courses to schedule time for study and course work. |Time |Activities |Comments or Observations | |6:00 a.m. |Drinking coffee and getting ready for my day. |Walking the dog that I have here in the house| | | |with me. | |6:30 a.m. |Watching King of the Hill |During this time I am psyching myself up for | | | |class. | |7:00 a.m. |In class looking over things and reading to get my mind set |This is just before breakfast. No work done | | |right for today’s work. |yet. | |7:30 a.m. |Cooking and preparing for a hardy meal to begin my day. | | |8:00 a.m. | Having breakfast and watching the morning news. | Got to feed the dog I have outside...
Words: 471 - Pages: 2
...taken throughout the semesters. A winter, spring, and summer interim class are offered as an online or lecture class for about four weeks at a time. During these four weeks, a lot of information is covered. However, being a winter interim class, it still needs to meet the requirements for an average 15 week semester. Winter interim classes are beneficial for the academically fast paced students, who are highly motivated, eager to learn, and want to get a head start on their goal of graduating. All college courses are stressful but winter interim classes are especially stressful. Every other day in the course is a new week, with a new load of work, and a new assortment of questions. As progression happens throughout the course, students begin to notice that everything mentioned or taught, is valuable. There is no time for “fluff” information. As the semester shortens everyday students become motivated to do their work in a timely fashion. Students learn the consequences of procrastinate on their work, and start to develop more effective time management skills. One of the most beneficial factors that can be valued for fast paced class, is the skill to time manage. Time management is realistically practiced in the real world and taking a winter interim class prepares students for those situations. Developing time management habits early on in their academic career helps students cope with a heavy work load and ease the stress levels. A stressful incident that could...
Words: 754 - Pages: 4
