...Classism and Criminal Justice Draft 2 Justice is a term that we hear every day and accept although many of us have skepticism as to what it truly means. In general, justice is the idea of righteousness and equality. In regards to society’s views on how “just” the criminal justice system is, we always incorporate the “ism’s”: Racism, sexism and classism, to demonstrate some of the pitfalls that the system has. Though it is obvious that all of these societal differences play a large role in the criminal justice process, I will focus on classism. Classism is the discrimination against a group or individual based on social and economic status. Classism is one of those “ism’s” that occurs more than we notice and sometimes, we may confuse it with things like racism or sexism. Classism, in my opinion, plays a larger role in the criminal justice system as opposed to the other forms of discriminatory practices. In particular, class largely comes into play during the sentencing process. Many authors argue that factors outside of class play a more important role, but I believe that there needs to be more attention paid to the role that class plays in targeting and the sentencing process in the criminal justice system. In order to understand the role that class plays in the sentencing process, we must, first, look at the role that it plays before the criminal reaches the day of sentencing. There are a plethora of publications that speak on profiling and actuarial methods which get people...
Words: 4385 - Pages: 18
...agree because the only way my family survived was with the food, vegetables, spices and animals the adults grew and harvested. The counter to the belief that hard work leads to success are the ways society and even the societal classes within the races and genders have set themselves apart. How could one complain that “The man is keeping us down,” when there are the haves and have nots in every race? For example, every race has separated itself by education, wealth and many other excuses. Like found in this article, Classism, like many other “isms,” results from prejudices based on false assumptions (pg. 182). Many studies have shown children born into a family with wealth usually remain there. Families with access to capital tend to make sure they remain there and do what they can to make sure their offspring remain there too. As a person who did not have...
Words: 502 - Pages: 3
...We’re living in a time of revolution, a time for change. People are starting to notice the injustice they face every day, the racism, the religious prosecution, the sexism, the classism. Yet while fighting for justice they just face more injustice like police brutality. Police brutality is the use of excessive and/or unnecessary force by police when dealing with civilians (Source #). They usually forget that a police badge isn’t a permission to hurt the people who aren’t doing nothing wrong. Police brutality is also one of the worst violations to human rights, and most of the time is overlooked and ignored by officials and even by the general public. Police brutality is one of the most ignored problems there are. Its existence tends to be seen as an imaginary thing. Studies have shown that only about one third of the people in the US believe in the existence of Police brutality. As expected, over 50% percent of the people who believe in it are PoC, or people of color. (Source #) Yet, in Brazil everyday 6 people are killed due to police brutality, (Source #) and in the US there had been more than 5,000 deaths due to police brutality since 9/11, which is more than the numbers of death in the Iraq war, 4,489. (Source #). People who are fighting for fairness...
Words: 668 - Pages: 3
...12/10/2013 Lecturer’s name: | Student’s name: | Course name and num: | Domestic Violence: Annotated Bibliography | Course name and num: | Domestic Violence: Annotated Bibliography | American Bar Association (ABA), (2003), “American Bar Association Commission on Domestic Violence.” Retrieved from: http://www.abanet.org/domviol/stats.html This specific reference is employed to enhance the legal consideration of the topic that is domestic violence. The mission of that specific body is to enhance the access to the justice regarding the victims of the violence like domestic violence, sexual violence, along with stalking relative to the legal profession. The authority states many of the information on the literature relating to seductive companion assault revolve all around the technique of prevention as well as causation. To start with, with regards to the problem connected with girls as offenders connected with seductive companion assault, this literature discussed ways in which these girls end up in that place. One locating displays any path leading through victimization for you to incarceration. The reference is aligned with the study under discussion for the reason that it specifically deals with the issue of domestic violence and provide handful of knowledge regarding that particular issue from a broader perspective. Arbetman, P. Lee, McMahon, T. Edward, Edward L. O’Brien., (1994), “Street Law: A Course in Practical Law”, 5th Edition. West Publishing Company. Street...
Words: 1581 - Pages: 7
...According to Conflict Theory, society is: • A struggle for dominance among competing social groups (classes, genders, races, religions, etc.). When conflict theorists look at society, they see the social domination of subordinate groups through the power, authority, and coercion of dominant groups. In the conflict view, the most powerful members of dominant groups create the rules for success and opportunity in society, often denying subordinate groups such success and opportunities; this ensures that the powerful continue to monopolize power, privilege, and authority. You should note that most conflict theorists oppose this sort of coercion and favor a more equal social order. Some support a complete socioeconomic revolution to socialism (Marx), while others are more reformist, or perhaps do not see all social inequalities stemming from the capitalist system (they believe we could solve racial, gender, and class inequality without turning to socialism). However, many conflict theorists focus on capitalism as the source of social inequalities. The primary cause of social problems, according to the conflict perspective, is the exploitation and oppression of subordinate groups by dominants. Conflict theorists generally view oppression and inequality as wrong, whereas Structural-Functionalists may see it as necessary for the smooth running and integration of society. Structural-Functionalism and Conflict Theory therefore have different VALUE-ORIENTATIONS but can...
Words: 1225 - Pages: 5
...Abstract and Annotated Bibliography: Racism in Rare Form Quinta Anderson Liberty University Abstract Racism occurs when there is a prejudice that is targeted towards a specific group or person due to their ethnicity or the color of their skin. Prejudice can be perceived as passing judgment on a person before knowing facts about an individual. If an individual allows prejudiced to consume them then it is known as discrimination. Discrimination can occur any many different forms such as not allowing someone to purchase a home, getting employment, denying them of their education rights, can all be a form of racial discrimination. For many years, there has been a major conflict regarding the African American race as well as immigrants. Although, the civil rights movement is no longer in existence, racism has started to formulate in rare form and hate crimes has been present across the country has arrived. Racism can be seen daily especially in the Southern States. However, when the color of one’s skin is not a main factor, other examples of discrimination can be seen in the form of one’s language, religion, nationality, sex. The reader will be able to explore how racism and multicultural counseling are linked together. Racism in Rare Form What is Racism? Racism and prejudice is a problem that has existed for years and still exist today, but in rare form. Racism has changed from generation to generation and is sometimes hidden. Racism has been said to exist for years...
Words: 2516 - Pages: 11
...Accounting 557 Assignment 1 Student EAS Professor Alfred Greenfield Strayer University 27 October 2013 Many organizations have been in the news over the past few years due to accounting ethical breaches that have affected their customers, employees, and the general public. I searched the Internet to locate a story in the news that depicts an accounting ethical breach. I selected Krispy Kreme. I enjoy their hot donuts and was curious to learn more about how they played with the numbers. For some reason I always want to dig into the trickery behind the manipulation of financial statements. When we get right down to it playing games is what happens. Someone comes along and they think they know something the rest of us are too dumb to know. They think they are special and that God bestowed upon them special powers to get away with something no one else has been able to get away with in the entire history of mankind. I am intrigued with the thought process behind the faces of these people who think they have what it takes to trick the rest of us. I can only think of a few words; hubris, vanity, ego, arrogance and delusional. I do not believe it is truly possible to ever get away with anything. No man has a good enough memory to be a successful liar. Given the corporate ethical breaches in recent times, I will assess whether or not I believe that the current business and regulatory environment is more conducive to ethical behavior. I will say up front that as I start this...
Words: 4137 - Pages: 17
...Evan Mandery Professor, John Jay College of Criminal Justice • Why I'm Skipping My Harvard Reunion (A Call to Action) Posted: 05/06/2014 8:51 am EDT Updated: 07/06/2014 5:12 am EDT In a few weeks, the Harvard class of 1989 will be reuniting in Cambridge. There'll be mini-TED talks, a "Taste of New England Dinner," and a chance to sing with the Boston Pops, but I'll be spending the weekend coaching my son's Little League team and hanging out with my family. Reunions seem unnatural to me. I refuse to participate in the charade of pretending to be surprised to see a classmate, and when I'm asked, "What have you been doing?" as one inevitably is, I never know where to draw the line between "stuff" and the full, self-reflective version one might share with a close friend. I think too much detail implies an exaggerated sense of self-worth and is hence a greater faux pas than too little detail, so I've always hewed closer to the "stuff" version, but this runs its own risk of suggesting you don't think the other person is important enough to merit the full telling of your own story. It's a minefield and, in the social media era, one that's entirely avoidable. I've never been unable to locate an old friend or classmate online. It's particularly easy for graduates of Harvard, which maintains a great alumni website--it's where Facebook started, after all. Anyone interested in me can find my professional record on LinkedIn, family photos on Facebook, and many hilarious tweets. If one wanted...
Words: 10654 - Pages: 43
...The Hunger Games: Action-film feminism is catching fire Lisa Schwarzbaum Burning up Jennifer Lawrence’s Katniss Everdeen is both strong and vulnerable – a new kind of action heroine who has powered The Hunger Games: Catching fire to a $158m US debut. (Lionsgate) Jennifer Lawrence’s Katniss Everdeen is a new type of female action film icon, and moviegoers should be very excited about that, writes Lisa Schwarzbaum. As Catching Fire ignites on movie screens around the world, this is what we know about the 21st Century heroine called Katniss Everdeen: she is strong but also soft. She is brave but she has doubts. She is a phenomenal fictional creation, yet is real enough that moviegoers can draw inspiration from her values, her resourcefulness, and her very human inner conflicts. And she is played by Jennifer Lawrence, who appears not only to be handling her current duties as Hollywood’s finest model of well-adjusted millennial female stardom but doing so with charm. Everdeen and Lawrence: golden girls both. Personified in Lawrence’s lithe movements and cool, focused gaze, Katniss is a brave, resourceful and independent-minded fighter; but she is also a troubled and vulnerably guilt-ridden human being. Nina Jacobson, the producer of the Hunger Games film franchise, puts it this way: “She is a singular heroine in that the burden of survival weighs on her. She has a ton of survivor’s guilt. And she keeps surviving.” Girl on fire It is strange that behaving like a well-adjusted...
Words: 16355 - Pages: 66
...“Each generation must out of relative obscurity discover its mission, fulfill it, or betray it” - Frantz Fanon, The Wretched of the Earth In cultures all over the world, music can be seen encompassing many aspects of life for many individuals. It is a form of mass communication that speaks directly to society as a cultural form", and often reflects a collection and pattern of personal experiences. Hip-hop or rap, an art form and culture nearly thirty years old originating from The Bronx, New York, has provided a forum for Black and Latino youth to express their respective cultures and speak on a number of issues. Today, Hip-hop is a global phenomenon that appeals to almost all ethnicities and is synthesizing a new culture that goes beyond race, education, and income. Hip-hop has been under continual metamorphosis since its 1970’s inner-city inception. Some of the original artists like Kurtis Blow chose to lament everyday life in the ghettos. Others, Sugar Hill Gang among them, took a more dance inspired approach to the music. But for both these and other artists from the early years of rap through the late 1980’s including KRS-One, Public Enemy, Queen Latifah and LL Cool J, fast beats and socially relevant lyrics were among the primary components of the music. By the 1990’s a new face of rap music emerged. It began with Ice T and later gained popularity with artists such as NWA (Niggaz Wit Attitude) whose first album shocked and titillated the rap world with their...
Words: 7928 - Pages: 32
...BAY AREA SOCIAL SERVICES CONSORTIUM Understanding Poverty From Multiple Social Science Perspectives A Learning Resource for Staff Development In Social Service Agencies Michael J. Austin, PhD, Editor BASSC Staff Director Mack Professor of Nonprofit Management School of Social Welfare University of California, Berkeley 510-642-7066 mjaustin@berkeley.edu August 2006 1 Table of Contents Introduction – Michael J. Austin, Guest Editor Part I Multiple Social Science Perspectives of Poverty Theories of Poverty: Findings from Textbooks on Human Behavior and the Social Environment Amanda J. Lehning, Catherine M. Vu, & Indira Pintak Economic Theories of Poverty Sun Young Jung & Richard Smith Sociological Theories of Poverty in Urban America Jennifer Price Wolf Psychological Theories of Poverty Kelly Turner & Amanda Lehning An Anthropological View of Poverty Kristine Frerer & Catherine Vu Political Science Perspectives on Poverty Amanda Lehning Theories of Global Poverty in the Developed and Developing World Jennifer Morazes & Indira Pintak Part II Theory Integration and Practitioner Perspectives Social Capital and Neighborhood Poverty: Toward an Ecologically-Grounded Model of Neighborhood Effects Kathy Lemon Osterling Social Work Students’ Perceptions of Poverty Sherrill Clark The Explosive Nature of the Culture of Poverty: A Teaching Case Based on An Agency-based Training Program Catherine Vu & Michael J. Austin 2 ...
Words: 65096 - Pages: 261
...Patriarchy is best defined as control by men. The opposite is matriarchy which means women are in charge and the head of families. Obviously, the culture of the United States and most other countries is patriarchal. Men have the power and control the women. If you don't believe that consider the basics of how our society functions. Women constantly must fight for their rights and sometimes they struggle just to survive without the power and domination of men threatening them. Whether an individual woman wants to conquer patriarchy will come from her desire to be independent and defined outside the context of men. Look to most world leaders to see how powerful patriarchy is. Women are certainly as capable as men to be President of the United States, yet they are not and probably won't be any time soon. Men have been in that role for so long that our country probably does not believe it is possible. Consider who is typically at the head of a company or leaders in local governments. While certainly more women are fulfilling these roles, it is a constant struggle for the ones who are able to achieve that success with men having much more power just by their biological nature. Men have not had to fight for their place in society like women have. It has been an expectation that they will become leaders because that is what patriarchy is about. Much of patriarchy also has its roots in Christianity. Religions which believe the Bible or other religious text often follow it faithfully...
Words: 12725 - Pages: 51
...Volume 10 Number 6 June 4, 2007 Black Intellectual Genocide: An Essay Review of IQ and the Wealth of Nations Girma Berhanu Göteborg University Sweden Lynn, Richard & Vanhanen, Tatu. (2002). IQ and the Wealth of Nations. Westport, CT: Praeger. Citation: Berhanu, Girma. (2007). Black intellectual genocide: An essay review of IQ and the Wealth of Nations. Education Review, 10(6). Retrieved [date] from http://edrev.asu.edu/essays/v10n6index.html. Abstract I review the book IQ and the Wealth of Nations, written by Richard Lynn and Tatu Vanhanen. I critique the authors’ major assertion that a significant part of the gap between rich and poor countries is due to differences in national intelligence. The authors claim that they have evidence that differences in national IQ account for substantial variation in per capita income and growth of a nation. This essay review debunks their assumptions that intellectual and income differences between nations stem from genetic differences. This critique provides an extended review of the research literature that argues against these assumptions and presents a different picture from that presented by Lynn and Vanhanen about the concept of intelligence, what IQ measures and does not measure. The essay exposes the racist, sexist, and antihuman nature of the research tradition in which the authors anchored their studies and the deep methodological flaws and theoretical assumptions that appear in their book. The low standards of scholarship...
Words: 13913 - Pages: 56
...New Zealand Context 3 21 Part Two: Communitarian Responses to Liberalism Introduction to Part Two 61 3 Civic Republicanism: Michael Sandel 63 4 The Politics of Recognition: Charles Taylor 83 Part Three: Multiculturalism Introduction to Part Three 105 5 Multicultural Citizenship: Will Kymlicka 107 6 Common Citizenship in a Multicultural Society: Bhikhu Parekh 151 Part Four: Critical Responses to Multiculturalism Introduction to Part Four 187 7 A Politics of Difference: Iris Marion Young 189 8 Against White Paranoid Nationalism: Ghassan Hage 223 9 Egalitarian Liberalism: Brian Barry 243 Part Five: Concluding Reflections 10 Diversity, Democracy, Justice 271 Afterword 306 References 307 Index of Names 335 iii Tables 1 Levy’s typology...
Words: 135228 - Pages: 541
...Readings for American History Since 1877 Historiography in America...................................................................................................................................................... 2 How to teach history (and how not to) ................................................................................................................................ 6 How Ignorant Are Americans? ........................................................................................................................................... 9 The West ............................................................................................................................................................................... 11 The Education of Native Americans ................................................................................................................................. 11 Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee .................................................................................................................................... 15 Prostitution in the West: .................................................................................................................................................... 17 The Gilded Age ..................................................................................................................................................................... 21 The Duties of American Citizenship ...........................
Words: 77768 - Pages: 312
