CLASSROOM AS A DEMOCRACY All make laws -- legislative function of govt All enforce/implement laws – executive function of govt All judge/interpret laws – judicial function of govt

What will be taught, who will teach it, how students will be graded, what are rules of classroom behavior, when you have to leave, when you have to be stopped in particular behaviors, how we will support our teaching ideas, etc.

In direct democracy all are legislators, executives, judges – find rules like unanimity, super-majority, majority, etc.
In representative democracy, some are chosen (usually by election or rotation among all members) to make laws, enforce laws, and judge laws.
Can separate legis, exec, and jud pwr into different persons to protect of too much power in a few persons hands – SEPARATION OF POWERS
Can divide powers so that all agree on some rules, but separate groups can make own rules on others – DIVISION OF POWER [FEDERALISM or SHARED SOVEREIGNTY]

In Germany, nobles gained more and more power until the emperor was only figurehead by 13th C. Princes and leading churchmen ran ministates as wanted – Germany was crazy quilt of hundreds of independent principalities and cities. Split b/t Catholics and Protestants made this fragmentation more severe. The Habsburg Emperor, Charles V in the middle of the 16th C almost crushed Lutheranism. Solved problem of different religions by cuius regio eius religion – whoever reigns, his religion. Then the 30 years war won by the Catholic Habsburgs. Richlieu in France feared power of Habsburgs and helped Protestants. In that war, Germany lost about 30% of its population to starvation [worst war in history until WWI]. In Treaty of Westphalia in 1648 confirmed cuius region and left Germany made up of small political entities [360].
The German state of Prussia greatly expanded during 18th C. King Fredrick