...Introduction The purpose of any classification system is to obtain an efficient arrangement of information in a simplified and generalized form. Thus climatic statistics can be organized in order to describe and delimit the major types of climate is quantitative terms. Obviously no single classification can serve more than a limited number of purposes of satisfactory and many different schemes have therefore been developed. Some schemes merely provide a convenient nomenclature system, whereas others are an essential primarily further study. Many climatic classifications, for instance are concerned with the relationship between climate and vegetation or soils but surprisingly few attempts have been made to base a classification on the direct effects of climate on man. General classification related to plant growth / vegetation. Numerous schemes have been suggested d for relating climatic limits to plant growth or vegetation growth rely basically or two basic criteria the degree of aridity and warmth. Aridity is not simply a matter of low precipitation but of the effective precipitation i.e. precipitation minus evaporation. The ratio of rainfall/temperature has been used as such an index of precipitation effectiveness or the ground that higher temperatures in cease evaporation. W. KOPPEN CLASSFICATION A prime example of this type of classification is W. Koppen published between 1900 and 1936. The key features of Koppen’s final classifications are temperature criteria and...
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...Climate Change There are so many researchers, scientists, and environmentalists that are expressing their concerns about all the changes in climate on earth. There are some that believe that there is a terrific amount of warming happening in the entire global climate. Researchers refer to the climate change as “global warming.” The research provided within this paper will conclude whether or not global warming is truly fact or fiction. The Oxford Reference Dictionary defines climate as the analysis of accumulated weather data for long term patterns and trends. Change is defined as, “To make or become different.” Combine those two words together the definition is “long-term weather patterns and trends becoming different over an extended period of time.” According to many researchers there has been a drastic change in climate temperatures. With their findings it is truthful that global warming is indeed happening before our eyes. Are these changes being caused by man? Ahrens C. Donald answers that question with, “changes in the climate can result from both natural events and human activities are causes of the warming. Examples of the natural causes of climate change are volcanic eruptions, variations in the earth’s orbit around the sun, and variations in solar output” (Ahrens, 485-491). There are also reasons for the climate change caused by humans. These examples include, industrial pollutants and fossil fuels (Rhodes, 116). After further ado, it is not solely contributed...
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...Climate Essay Jessica Garnett October 5, 2015 Being an active listener in the workplace is very important. Actually making eye contact and waiting till the speaker is completely done before responding is one of the biggest steps. Keeping your focus on what the message is without being judgmental and placing your self- interest aside. A poor habit that many develop is faking your attention. When you have more on your mind than the interest of the speaker you act like your listening but really aren’t. In the workplace this practice is a definite downfall for productivity. Directions or information that needs passed on either does not or misunderstood. Even if the information does not pertain to you in general, it is always good to just stop what you are doing and listen. When you walk into a workplace and sat there looking lost and confused there is two types of climates you could encounter. A supportive relationship workplace and a defensive workplace environment. In a supportive environment, you will be welcomed and greeted warmly. Questions asked are answered honestly but friendly. Supportive climates worked together when problems arise they communicate with openness and honesty. They see each other as equals, no one person is believes they are better than another or feel that someone is superior to them. They work together as a unit and show empathy not only towards customers but also the fellow employees, not only in workplace situations but also in personal. They...
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...Paola “The Cause and Effects of Climate Change” The alteration of our climate nowadays has been very evident due to climate change. It has been affecting our lives in many different ways. And It is one of the biggest problems our world has been facing. What is Climate Change? A change in global or regional climate patterns, in particular a change apparent from the mid to late 20th century on wards and attributed largely to the increased levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide produced by the use of fossil fuels. There are two main causes of climate change. The first one is Natural Cause. Volcanic eruption is one of the examples. When a volcano erupts, it release big amounts of sulfur dioxide and dust particles in the air, will then travel to the atmosphere and will block the incoming sun rays and will lead to cooling of the atmosphere of the earth. Another example is the ocean current. It happens when the winds push horizontally against the sea surface and drive ocean current patterns, as well the movement of carbon dioxide affects. Moreover, another cause is the earth`s orbital changes. It happens due of tilting of the earth that affects the severity of the seasons. Second is Human Activity. Natural Resources are being used extensively for constructions of industries, transport and other establishment that causes greenhouse gas to rise which results to the warming of the earth surface. And the effects of climate change the first one is our human health...
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...8.3 the Sun Powers Earth`S Climate System 8.3 The Sun Powers Earth`s Climate System Homework - Thursday 09/06/12 pg. 329 #1-6 1. Explain how the ocean interacts with the Sun’s radiation. The ocean interacts with the Sun’s radiation by reflecting and absorbing the Sun’s radiation. I think the ocean absorbs the radiation because depending on the season the area by the mass of water is about 1°C or 2°C difference in temperature proving the ocean does absorb the Sun’s radiation. Although it absorbs heat I also thing the ocean has a medium albedo. The ocean is light coloured/clear, and is a different form of ice which has the highest albedo. Therefore the ocean interacts with the Sun’s radiation by reflecting and absorbing the heat energy. 2. The amount of energy Earth absorbs is equal to the amount of energy it radiates. Why is this important? Explain your answer. It’s important that the amount of energy Earth absorbs is equal to the amount of energy it radiates because on Earth we need to keep the temperature at a sustainable temperature, meaning the Earth can’t be too hot or too cold. For there to be a sustainable environment the Earth needs to maintain a healthy temperature for human life, and other life. By equally absorbing and reflecting the radiation from the Sun Earth is able to support life, this is very important. 3. The Sun shines continuously on Earth. Explain why Earth does not keep warming up. Even though the Sun shines continuously on Earth...
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...Teenagers on the road A lot of teenagers have trouble driving these days. In my opinion teenagers are more dangerous on the road, because their brains are not fully developed yet until the age of 25. Firstly, teenagers are not good drivers, because they have little to no experience at all. It takes many years for young drivers to fully know all the expectation when driving as well as all the rules. Because of a lack of experience, young drivers are often at a loss to recognize hazards, and don’t know how their vehicle will react in an accident. Secondly, teenagers are not good drivers, because they get distracted easily. For example, listening to loud music, calling someone, texting someone, eating at the same time when driving, etc. There are a few things that make teenagers good drivers such as, better eyesight than elders. Elders tend to have weaker eyesight after the age of 50+. Teenagers are somewhat healthier, and their bones are more structured than elders too. Teenagers can see the streetlights better than adults as well as the side mirrors of their car. Anyway, back to what makes teenagers bad drivers. Impatience. Teenagers are not good drivers, because they’re impatient. They tend to be late for certain events such as: school, work an appointment, etc. So they rush out the door probably forgetting their car-keys, and just cannot wait till that light turns green. They will most likely get into an accident, which isn’t fun for anyone. In conclusion teenagers do not make...
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...RAPID CLIMATE CHANGE: OCEAN RESPONSES TO EARTH SYSTEM INSTABILITY IN THE LATE QUATERNARY James P Kennett Department of Geological Sciences and Marine Science Institute University of California Santa Barbara and Larry C Peterson Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science University of Miami A RAPID CLIMATE OSCILLATOR IN THE LATE QUATERNARY Until recently most Earth scientists believed that past climate change occurred on relatively long time scales of tens of thousands of years or more Most also thought that climate change was controlled largely by changes in the distribution of solar radiation with Earth's orbital oscillations providing an external forcing to the climate system and pacing the so called Milankovitch cycles However dramatic discoveries during the early s changed this paradigm Climatic records produced from the Greenland ice sheet and in nearby marine sediments of the North Atlantic altered the way Earth scientists thought about the operation of Earth's climate system and the relative sensitivity of this system to major climatic shifts Age (Years before present) 0 cold 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 Paleoclimate studies of Greenland ice cores (Dansgaard et al ) were the first to reveal a remarkable sequence of major rapid millennial scale oscillations in the climate system during the last ice age (Fig ) superimposed on the more gradual orbitally driven insolation cycles Because of high accumulation rates of snow over Greenland ice cores from this...
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...The Earth’s climate is changing. Temperatures are rising, snow and rainfall patterns are shifting, and more extreme climate events—like heavy rainstorms and record high temperatures—are already taking place. Scientists are highly confident that many of these observed changes can be linked to the climbing levels of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases in our atmosphere, which are caused by human activities. There are a number of different forces which can influence the Earth's climate. When the sun gets brighter, the planet receives more energy and warms. When volcanoes erupt, they emit particles into the atmosphere which reflect sunlight, and the planet cools. When there are more greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, the planet warms. These effects are referred to as external forcings because by changing the planet's energy balance, they force climate to change. It is obviously true that past climate change was caused by natural forcings. However, to argue that this means we can't cause climate change is like arguing that humans can't start bushfires because in the past they've happened naturally. Greenhouse gas increases have caused climate change many times in Earth's history, and we are now adding greenhouse gases to the atmosphere at a increasingly rapid rate. Looking at the past gives us insight into how our climate responds to external forcings. Using ice cores, for instance, we can work out the degree of past temperature change, the level of solar activity, and...
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...Impacts Of Climate Change IN Bangladesh | Group 2 | Members-Sakib Shahriar-1510119630 | Israt Jahan-1510581630 | Joyeeta Fabliha Zahir-Faisal Ahmed Shajal-Ashrafun Zamam Lima-Kazi Pushpita- | | Faculty-MRL ENV-107 | [Pick the date] | | Abstract Climate change is one of the most important issues to tackle this generation and possibly any generation in history. Bangladesh is likely to be one of the most vulnerable countries in the world to climate change. This paper discusses the possible impacts of climate change in Bangladesh through tropical cyclones, storm surges, coastal erosion and back water effect. Both qualitative and quantitative discussions are made on cyclone intensity increase for a sea surface temperature rise of 2 and 4°C. Different scenarios of storm surges under different climate change conditions are developed by using a numerical model of storm surges for the Bay of Bengal. Possible loss of land through beach erosion due to sea level rise on the eastern coast of Bangladesh is examined. Finally a few remarks are made on the adaptation options for Bangladesh in the event of climate change. Introduction Climate change is the biggest global health threat of the 21st century and is increasingly recognized as a public health priority. Bangladesh is recognized as one of the most vulnerable countries to climate change impacts in the world. It has a history of extreme climatic events claiming millions of lives...
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...The Effects of Climate on Phytoplankton Introduction Phytoplankton are dependent on climate and are affected greatly by the drastic climate change. Phytoplankton are “floating and swimming algae and photosynthetic prokaryotic organisms of lakes and oceans” (Nester 2012). “Climate change is not restricted to temperature change, but cloudiness and hence surface irradiance are predicted to change as well” (Klauschies 2012). Climate change that effects phytoplankton depends on cell size and food web structure. (Winder 2012). Phytoplankton contribute to only 45,000 μm3) (Klauschies 2012). Each size of phytoplankton has a unique sensitivity to temperature, light and nutrients (Klauschies 2012). “The small-sized algae comprised autotrophic pico-...
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...Two-Thirds of Americans Want US to Join Climate Change Pact Summary of News Item The New York times on November 30 2015 published an article authored by Giovanni Russonelo that two thirds of Americans want US to join the climate Change Pact. A solid majority of Americans say the United States should join international treaty to limit impact of global warming but on this and other climate related questions opinion divides sharply along partisan lines, according to the latest New York Times/CBS News Poll.This represents a shift in public opinion, advocates for climate change are hopeful that the paris talks could be a turning point. Poll Results • 63% of Americans including a bare majority of republicans support domestic policy limiting carbon emmisions from plants • 75% of Americans polled said global warming was already having a serious environmental impact • Nine to Ten democrats agreed , compared 58% of Republicans • One third of republicans said it will never have an impact • 50%of all Americans said the government should take steps to restrict drilling ,logging and mining on public lands, compared to 45% who approved restrictions. • Among democrats support for limiting mineral extraction on public lands rose to 58% • One out 5 Americans favored increasing taxes on electricity as a way to fight global warming • Six in ten opposed, including 49% for Democrats • 36% support increasing taxes to curb global warming • 51% of respondents worried about global...
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...77°37’E. The State of Kerala, named as “Gods own country” and the “Gateway of monsoon in India” is one of the unique regions in the humid tropical monsoon climates that enjoys high solar radiation and warm temperature round the year. The State has rich bio-diversity and tropical rain forests and is spread in 13 agro-ecological zones under the humid tropics. IPCC defines climate change as a change in the state of the climate that can be identified (e.g., using statistical tests) by changes in the mean and/or variability of its properties, and that persists for an extended period, typically decades or longer. It refers to any change in climate over time, whether due to natural variability or as a result of human activity.The climate change may be decline in rainfall, wetlands, land and ocean biodiversity, increase in temperature and sea level, floods and droughts, landslides, groundwater depletion and saline water intrusion, decline in forest area, frequent forest fires, unusual rains and hailstorms. It is believed that almost all the crops are likely to be under threat due to climate change/variability in the ensuing decades under the Humid Tropics. The threat from global warming and climate change could be seen in the form of decline in cropped area, production and productivity and quality of grains....
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...From environmental to climate justice: climate change and the discourse of environmental justice Author’s Name: David Schlosberg and Lisette B. Collins Date: 2014 Solution: In this article; the authors (Schlosberg& Collins, 2014) first describes the environmental justice in term of its history, scope and definition. After that they have discussed that fact that how environmental justice bring the topics of climate change and climate justice along with different political periods. They also have analyze these concepts of environmental justice and climate change with different points of view. So this shows that there a regular flow in this article which allow the readers to understand all parts of the article in short period of time. According to authors...
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...Climate Change and How the Media Portrays It The average educated person would define climate change as the average weather changing or global warming. It is patterns of temperature, precipitation, humidity, wind and seasons. Climate is what makes up all natural ecosystems and is what helps sustain these ecosystems. The climate change today is changing the world. It’s affecting the natural ecosystems negatively. This is because climate is tied to almost everything. The change in climate will change the way people, animals, and plants have to survive. For example, a change in the usual timing of rains or temperatures can affect when plants bloom, when certain bugs hatch, or when streams are at their highest level. This can affect pollination of crops, food for migrating birds, spawning of fish, water supplies for drinking, forest health, and much more. Many people mistake global warming and climate change to be the same thing. Although they are very similar, global warming is what causes climate change. Global warming is the rising of global temperature and ocean temperature. This is what causes the climate change events listed above. Global warming is a global event while climate change is a more regional change in the atmosphere. There are many people who think climate change is not happening. The National Academy of Science has studied climate change and confirmed that it is real and humans are causing it. According to the Climate Impacts Group at the University...
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...This article was downloaded by: [Texas A&M University-Commerce] On: 05 January 2015, At: 16:08 Publisher: Routledge Informa Ltd Registered in England and Wales Registered Number: 1072954 Registered office: Mortimer House, 37-41 Mortimer Street, London W1T 3JH, UK Geopolitics Publication details, including instructions for authors and subscription information: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/fgeo20 Rethinking Climate Change, Conflict and Security Jan Selby & Clemens Hoffmann a a b Department of International Relations, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK b Department of International Relations, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey Published online: 30 Oct 2014. Click for updates To cite this article: Jan Selby & Clemens Hoffmann (2014) Rethinking Climate Change, Conflict and Security, Geopolitics, 19:4, 747-756, DOI: 10.1080/14650045.2014.964866 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14650045.2014.964866 PLEASE SCROLL DOWN FOR ARTICLE Taylor & Francis makes every effort to ensure the accuracy of all the information (the “Content”) contained in the publications on our platform. However, Taylor & Francis, our agents, and our licensors make no representations or warranties whatsoever as to the accuracy, completeness, or suitability for any purpose of the Content. Any opinions and views expressed in this publication are the opinions and views of the authors, and are not the views of or endorsed by Taylor & Francis. The accuracy of the Content should not be relied upon...
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